The National Ribat University
|
|
- Elijah Henderson
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم The National Ribat University Faculty of Graduate Studies and Scientific Research Measurements of Acetabular Angle among Sudanese Population in Omdurman Teaching Hospital (march to June 2015) Research submitted for partial fulfilment for requirement of MSc in human and clinical anatomy By: yousif Abdallah yousif adam Supervisor: Prof. Tahir Osman Ali
2 Dedication To the soul of my father, To my family.
3 Acknowledgement I would like to thank department of human anatomy in the National Ribat University for conducting this great program, special thanks to prof. Tahir the chief of program. I would like to thank those who help at finishing this job. Special thanks to Dr. Nora Fathallah.
4 List of abbreviation DDH REF IVU developmental dysplasia of the hip References intravenous program
5 List of figures Figure number Figure title Figure (4.1) Figure (4.2) Figure (4.3) Figure (4.4 ) gender distribution degree of acetabular angle in age groups types of pelvic x-ray used in the study different age groups included in the study and their percentages
6 List of tables Table number Table (4.1) Table (4.2) Table (4.3) Table (4.4) Table (4.5) Table (4.6) Table (4.7) Table title gender distribution value of acetabular angle in Sudanese male value of acetabular angle in Sudanese female degree of the acetabular angle in different age group the mean for age and mean for acetabular angle the degree of acetabular angle and their frequency degree of acetabular angle in group and gender
7 Abstract Introduction: acetabular angle is one of the most important osteometric measurements. It has very wide implications in clinical and medicolegal practice. Objective: to determine the acetabular angle in Sudanese population, to assess the sex influence, to compare these results with international results. Design: This is an observational descriptive cross-sectional hospital based study. Material and methods: This study was conducted at Omdurman Teaching Hospital during the period from March to June 2015, (107) of patients who came for plain pelvic x-ray or IVU are taken as study targets. Result: The mean of acetabular angle in males was (37.3) and in females was (35.2) with significant statistical difference. The maximum angle observed in male was 42 with 29 was the minimum. In females the maximum angle was 38 and 29 was the minimum. Conclusion: The anatomical difference in this study was significant. Sex influences geometrical measurements of the acetabulum; the male s angles are greater than that of females. In comparing the acetabular angle of both sexes in Sudanese subjects with others there was a high statistical significant racial variation.
8 CHAPTER (1) INTRODUCTION, Problem statement and OBJECTIVES
9 1. Introduction 1.1. Sex determination of skeleton: When the entire dead body is available sex can be determined in majority of cases by dissection. In mutilated it is easy to identify remains when the parts bearing sex characteristics are available such as uterus and its appendices, breast and prostate. When soft tissues of sexual characteristics are not available, the determination of sex must be based on bones. (4) Sex determination of human skeletal remains is more accurate and applicable on mature adult skeleton. The degree of accuracy is dependent on skeletal completeness. If complete skeleton is available the accuracy can be reached up to 100%. When the skeleton is incomplete the most reliable and accurate remains are the skull with 90% accuracy and bony pelvis with 95% accuracy. Using both, the skull and the bony pelvis remains accuracy can reach up to 98%. (4) The pelvis shows marked differences in sex than any other bone. These sexual characteristics are established early in development, but become apparent only on puberty (hormonal stimuli from pubertal ovary and active growth). The pelvic
10 parameters used in sex determination of skeletal remains are numerous. (4) 1.2. Identification of human skeletal remains: It is one of the most important investigations in forensic medicine and forensic anthropological studies. Many different skeletal remains had been used to help sex identification. One of the most frequently used and most accurate tools is the bony pelvis. (REF) There are many differences in osteometric and morphological studies comparing male and female bony pelvis. These differences are mostly related to physiology of female pelvic which has adapted to house the gravid uterus and facilitate easy passage of the baby during delivery. The diameters of female pelvis are larger that male pelvis. (REF) The different parts of the bony pelvis had been studied to find out these differences in both sexes and their significance in sex identification. One of the most parameters used are the shape and the contour of the articulated pelvis regarding the shape and diameters of the pelvic inlet and outlet. (REF) Other points that noticed to be different between the two groups are the acetabular angle, subpubic
11 angle (SPA), obturator foramen, ischial spine, and the ischiopubic index. (REF) A new method of arthrographic measurement: The acetabular cartilaginous angle (ACA), is used in order to find a simple, reliable, and reproducible measurement that can predict future acetabular development after successful closed reduction of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH),the study was conducted in Saudi arabia and the conclusion was Acetabular cartilaginous angle is considered a reliable measurement to identify hips with DDH that will need later acetabuloplasty after successful closed reduction and the acetabular index is important in monitoring acetabular development. (REF) 1.4. Geometric measurements of the acetabulum in adult Malawians: The study aimed to determine the acetabular depth as well as acetabular and centre edge angles; to assess the influence of sex, if any, in these geometric measurements; and to determine the prevalence of hip dysplasia in adult Malawian. The conclusion was that Sex influences geometrical measurements of the acetabulum. The prevalence of hip dysplasia with respect to centre edge angle was significantly higher in women than men and the prevalence for men
12 with respect to centre edge angle was significantly different when compared with Nigerian and Chinese men Radiologic Determination of Acetabular Index and Centre Edge Angle in Nigerian Population: This study was carried out to give a report on the average acetabula index and centre edge angle, its sexual dimorphism in South-South Nigerian population and to examine if there is racial differences in acetabular index and centre edge angle when compared to other races. The conclusion was the mean centre edge angle of males and females were ±5.53 and ±5.74. The female centre edge angle was significantly higher than that of the male centre edge angle. The mean acetabular angle of Sharp for males and females were ±4.04 and ±3.65. (11) 1.6. How should the acetabular angle of sharp be measured on pelvic radiograph: Four experienced orthopaedic surgeon measured the acetabular angle of sharp in 66 hips by using two methods, the classical method the lateral margin of the acetabular roof was used as landmark, the modified method the lateral margin of the sourcil was used as landmark and the
13 acetabular angle was 48.4 degrees and the mean for that was 44.8 degrees.(ref) 1.7. Role of ultrasound in measuring aceabular angle: Anew method of measuring acetabular angle by using ultrasound,normal acetabular roof are delineated as curvilinial hyperechoic lines on the screen,where as in dysplastic hips the the outlines of the acetabular roofs are shallower and more vertical the value elicited by ultrasound were in reasonably good agreement with those derived from roentgenography. The conclusion was that ultrasound is safe, handy and effective for measuring the acetabular angle. (1, 2, 3) This study concentrates on the acetabular angle measurement to notice the different values between both sexes among Sudanese population and if this difference, (if any) could be statistically significant Problem statement: Normal values in children The acetabular angle using Hilgenreiner's line should be less than 28 degrees at birth. The angle should become progressively narrower with age. Normal values in adults The normal range is 33 to 38 degrees. Angles above 47 degrees are seen in patients with acetabular dysplasia. A measurement between 39 and 46 degrees is indeterminate.
14 Additionally, having the center beam above or below the pubis can alter the measurment due to geometric distortion. However a 5 cm error in beam alignment only changes the measurement by 4º. This does highlight that these measurements should not be performed on an abdominal radiograph. In light of this situation the study aims to identify avarge normal range of acetabular angle amonge Sudanese population, those who come for pelvic X-ray in radiological department of Omdurman teaching hospital between March and june 2015 are taken as example.
15 1. Objectives: 1.1. General objectives: To assess the acetabular angle in Sudanese population Specific objectives: This research is undertaken to: 1- Determine the average acetabular angle in Sudanese males. 2- Determine the average acetabular angle in Sudanese females. 3- Identify if there is any significant difference in acetabular angle in Sudanese males and females subjects. 4- Compare the acetabular angle in Sudanese population with that of other populations.
16 CHAPTER (2) LITERATURE REVIEW
17 2. Literature Review 2.1. Definition: The acetabular angle is a radiographic measurement used when evaluating potential developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). It is most useful in patients who have started to ossify the epiphysis since ossification diminishes the usefulness of ultrasound. The angle is formed by a horizontal line connecting both triradiate cartilages (Hilgenreiner line) and a second line which extends along the acetabular roofs. In the adult, where the triradiate cartilages are fused and therefore unapparent, the inferior margin of the pelvic tear drop is used instead. This shifts the horizontal line inferiorly and changes the value of the angle Anatomy: The bony pelvis: The bony pelvis is formed of four bones that articulate together to enclose the pelvic cavity. The sacrum and the coccyx are in the midline posteriorly. Laterally there are the two hip bones that articulate in the midline anteriorly at the symyphysis pubis, and posteriorly the hip bone articulates with the sacrum at the sacroiliac joint. (1, 2, 3) The hip bone: Is formed of three bones, pubis, ischium and ilium fused at the acetabulum. The pubis and the ischium form together an incomplete bony wall of the pelvic cavity.
18 The pubis is formed of body, superior and inferior rami, the body of the pubis being more medial and triangular in shape. The two pubic rami project from the body laterally. The superior pubic ramus joins the ilium at the acetabulum and the inferior ramus joins the ischium and enclosed between the two rami is the obturator foramen. (1, 2, 3) The pubis: The right and left pubic bones join together at the midline with their symphyseal surfaces that are covered with hyaline cartilage to form a secondary cartilaginous joint (the symphysis pubis). The upper border of the body of the pubis is known as the pubic crest. it is marked laterally by a forward projection, the pubic tubercle. From the pubic tubercle diverge laterally two ridges, the upper one is the pectineal line which extends into the superior ramus and joins the arcuate line of the ilium.the lower one is the obturator crest, that passes to join the anterior margin of the acetabular notch. Between the two ridges is the iliopubic eminence. (1,2,3) The inner surface of the body of the pubis and the superior ramus are bares bone with no muscular attachment. The inner surface of the inferior pubic ramus gives attachment to the pelvic floor muscles. (2) The ischium: The ischium is an L-shaped bone formed of body, inferior ramus, ischial tuberosity and ischial spine.
19 The body is the center of the L-shaped bone that supports weight in sitting position. The inferior ramus of the ischium fuses with the inferior ramus of the pubis forming the ischiopubic ramus. The upper part of the body of the ischium joins the ilium and the pubis at the acetabulum. The ischial spine projects medially from the posterior border of the ischium forming an important anatomical land mark separating the greater and the lesser sciatic notches. In living these notches forms the greater and the lesser sciatic foramens. The ischial tuberosity is arugged prominence its posterior rough part gives attachment to the muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh (the hamstring muscles). The inner surface of the body of the ischium is very gently concave and smooth giving attachment to the pelvic floor muscles. (1, 2, 3) The ilium: Is fan-shaped, its ala resembles the spread of a fan and its body represents the handle. The iliac fossa is a concavity in the ala of the ilium and forms part of the posterior abdominal wall. The ilium forms the superior two-thirds of the hip bone and the superior two-fifths of the acetabulum. The iliac crest is the superior margin of the ilium. It has external and internal lips. It ends anteriorlly in a rounded anterior superior iliac spine and end poteriorly in a sharp posterior superior iliac spine. (1, 2, 3) In the external lip of the iliac crest 5 cm posterior to the anterior superior iliac spine is the tubercle of the iliac crest.
20 The gluteal surface faces inferiorly in its posterior part and laterally and slightly downwards in front. It is bounded above by the iliac crest below by the upper acetabular border and by the anterior and posterior borders. It is rough and curved and marked by three gluteal lines, the anterior, the posterior and the inferior gluteal lines. (1,2,3) The acetabulum: Is a concave hemisphere with a deficient inferior margin (the acetabular notch). Its cavity is wider above than below. It articulates with the head of the femur ( the hip joint) the head of the femur being inside the acetabulum, but the articular surface of the acetabulum does not reach its floor ( the acetabular fossa no articualr surface). (1,2) The three parts of the hip bone meet. The pubis and the ilium meet at the anterior pole of the acetabulum (the iliopubic eminence) the ilium and the ischium meet just above the posterior pole of the acetabulum. (1,3) The pelvic outlet (inferior pelvic aperture): It is indented behind by the coccyx and the sacrum and bilaterally by the ischial tuberosity. Its perimeter consists of three wide arcs. Anteriorally is the subpubic arch. Posteriorally and laterally on both sides are the sciatic notches between the sacrum and ischial tuberosity. These are divided by the sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments into greater and lesser sciatic foramina. (1,3)
21 Three measures are made for the pelvic outlet. The anteroposterior, the tranverse and the oblique diameters. (3) Growth of the hip bone: Development: The hip bone develops in cartilage with three primary ossification centers, one for each part of the bone. First to appear is the primary ossification centre of the ilium at the second month of fetal life. Then it is followed by that of the ischium at the third month, then pubis at the fourth month. At birth acetabulum is wholly cartilage. The three bones meet at the acetabulum in a Y-shape junction (cartilage). With age the ossification centers grow and enlarge tiil they fuse. The pubis and ischium fuse at age of seven years. (1) Ossification: 0ssification of the Y-shape cartilage begins at age of 12 years and is completed by 15 years of age. The hip bone is completely ossified at about 25 years. (1, 2, 3)
22 CHAPTER (3) MATERIALS AND METHODS
23 3. Materials and Methods 3.1. Study Design: This is an observational descriptive cross-sectional hospital based study Study Area and duration: The study was conducted at Omdurman teaching hospital during March to June Study Population: Study population includes patients referred to Omdurman teaching hospital for pelvic X-ray, Including plain pelvic X- rays, or X-rays of intravenous urogram (IVU) series Sample Size: All patients referred to Omdurman teaching hospital during the period march to june 2015 were included with a total of 107, (54 males and 53 females) Inclusion Criteria: All pelvic X rays that clearly shows the acetabular angle Exclusion criteria: All X- ray films that showed pelvic or lower limb fracture. All X-ray films with inappropriate alignment.
24 Patients with any pelvic or urological disease Data Collection: Data was collected from X-ray films and images of pelvic region taken from patients with no orthopedic or urological diseases. After that the X-ray films are printed out then the acetabular angle was measured by drawinga horizontal line connecting both triradiate cartilages (Hilgenreiner line) and a second line which extends along the acetabular roofs. Then the acetabular angle measured by using the goniometer. Data collection sheets were used to include the study variations and to record the results Data Analysis: Data was analyzed both, manually and with SPSS computer program version Data Management: Data was analyzed as mentioned above, then presented and described by using the text, tables and figures Ethical Considerations: Consents were delivered to the Radiology Department at Omdurman Teaching Hospital prior to data collection.
25 CHAPTER (4) RESULTS
26 4. Results One hundred and seven patients, who attended to omdurman teaching hospital and underwent pelvic X- rays, were included in this retrospective hospital based study. 54 of these patients were males (50.5%) and 53 were females (49.5%) as shown in table (4.1) and fig. (4.1) Figure 4.1.: showing gender distribution Male Female Table 4.1.: showing gender distribution Gender Frequency Percent Male Female Total
27 A fifty four male pelvic X-rays had been examined and acetabular angles were measured, it was found that the maximum degree of the acetabular angle was 42 and the minimum degree was 29, Mean angle was 37.3 and the standard deviation (SD) was 2.0 as shown in table (4.2), Table 4.2: Values of acetabular angle in Sudanese males. Sex N Range Mean SD Male After measuring the acetabular angle in the fifty three female pelvic X-rays it was found that, the maximum degree was 38 and the minimum degree was 29, with a mean value of 35.2 and SD of 2 as shown in table (4.3). Table 4.3: Values of the acetabular angle in Sudanese females. Sex n Range Mean SD Female
28 Table 4.4 showing the degree of the acetabular angle in difference age group. Degree of acetabular angle in group Angle degree Frequency Percent Total (62.6) of them were from (34) to (37) Angle from Anglefrom Anlge from Figure 4.2: showing the degree of the acetabular angle in different age groups.
29 Approximately Eighty four percent of the data were collected from plain pelvic x-rays and fifteen percent were from IVU 15.9 plain x-ray Series of IVU 84.1 Figure 4.3 showing the type of pelvic x-ray used in the study more than 45 years years years 0 Figure 4.4 showing the different age groups included in the study and their percentage.
30 Table 4.5 showing the mean and SD for age and acetabular angle. N Mean Std. Std. Error Deviation Mean Age Degree of acetabular angle Degree of acetabular angle Frequency Percent Total Table 4.6: showing the degree of the acetabular angle and its frequency. (Values (35),(36)and (37) are the commonest).
31 Table 4.7 showing the relation between degree of the acetabular angle and the gender (most of the degrees are between (34) to (37) in both sex). Degree of acetabular angle in group * Gender Degree of acetabular angle in group Gender Male Female Total Total
32 CHAPTER (5) DISCUSSION
33 5. Discussion The present study focuses on the presence of normal anatomical variation on the acetabular angle by analyzing pelvic X-rays of 107 subjects. The results were compared with some published studies discussing the same issue. Out of 107 patients 54 were males and 53 were females. The mean of acetabular angle in males was (37.3) and in females was (35.2) with significant statistical difference. The maximum angle observed in male was 42 with 29 being the minimum. In females the maximum angle observed was 38 and 29 was the minimum. (62.6%) of the the participant have the acetabular angle between (34) and (37) degree so this mean that the normal angle for the Sudanese in both sex is between these degrees. In the study the mean for age is about (42.1) with standard deviation (13) and the mean for degree of acetabular angle is (36) with standard deviation (2.2). The acetabular angle described by Sharp (1961) is one of the most common radiographic measurements used to assess acetabular dysplasia. Nakamura et al. (1989) reported a mean acetabular angle of 38 (S.D., 3.6 ) (males, 37.3 (S.D., 3.7 ); females, 38.6 (S.D., 3.4 )) among the Japanese population. Stulberg and Harris (1974) reported the mean acetabular angle of 32.2 in white males, whereas Harris (1986) reported 32.1 in white females. Han et al. (1998) reported the mean acetabular angle among Koreans to be 37.0 (S.D., 3.7 ) (males, 36.5 (S.D., 3.5 ); females, 37.5 (S.D., 3.8 )). In a Singaporean study by Umer et al. (2006), the mean acetabular angle was
34 39.46 (S.D., 6.04 ) (males, (S.D., 6.00 ); females, (S.D., 5.98 )). The mean Sharp angles for Egyptian men were 36 ±2.7 and for women were 38.8 ±2.4 (Tarek, 2011). (5, 6, 7, 8, 9) In study conducted in South Nigerian Population the total mean acetabular angle was ±3.85 The mean acetabular index for males was ±4.04 and ±3.65 for females, this almost similar to our result. (11) In study conducted in a Malawi population the mean of acetabular angles in men was more than in women (29.43 ), and this difference was significant (P<0.001), so that these values are lower from our result. (10) In this present study, the mean for degree of acetabular angle is (36), SD (2.2), the mean values is lower that of the Japanese, Singapore and Koreans population. But it is almost similar to the Egyptian, Nigerian population and higher than the Malawians population. All the studies showed that the acetabular angle is greater in male than in female with significant statistical difference. With some differences in measurement that may be referred to some extent to the ethnic differences in population of each geographic area. We can say that from this study in Sudanese population acetabular angle measures (37) degrees in males and in females. In conclusion the results from this study confirm the existence of regional and sexual variations in acetabular angle among populations of the different countries, age and sex. Those
35 significant variations allow their use in diagnosis of abnormalities and medico-legal identification of sex and race.
36 CHAPTER (6) CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
37 6.1. Conclusions The anatomical difference in the acetabular angle was significant in the present study. Sex influences geometrical measurements of the acetabulum. The male angles are greater than that of females. In comparing the acetabular angle of both sexes in Sudanese subjects with others, there was a high statistical significant racial variation.
38 6.2. Recommendations More elaborated studies should be done to study the acetabular angle in different ethnic groups in Sudan. Sample size should be as large as possible. Future study should determine the role of age in such research. Cooperative studies should be done with orthpaedics surgery and forensic medicine. Useful utilization of acetabular angle measurement In Forensic medicine to determine the sex of unknown skeletal remains. Useful utilization of acetabular angle measurement in clinical diagnosis in adult DDH.
39 CHAPTER (7) REFERENCES
40 7. References 1. Last R J. Lower limb. In: Last R J. editor. Anatomy regional and applied. 9 th ed. UK: Elsevier 1998; Gray H. Osteology. In: Williams P L, Warwick R. editors. Gray s anatomy. 36 th ed. UK: Churchill Livingstone 1980; Moore K L, Dalley A F. The pelvis. In: Agur M R, Moore B A, Sun B, Squd K H. editors. Clinically oriented anatomy. 5 th ed. London: Lippincott Williams and Wikins 1999; Heather W-H, Cheryl K, Anthony B F. Identification of human skeletal remains. Forensic Osteological Analysis chapter 3; Harris, W.H., Etiology of osteoarthritis of the hip. Clin. Orthop. Relat. R., 213: Han, C.D., J.H. Yoo, W.S. Lee and W.S. Choe, Radiographic parameters of acetabulum for dysplasia in Korean adults. Yonsei. Med. J., 39: Nakamura, S., S. Ninomiya and T. Nakamura, Primary osteoarthritis of the hip joint in Japan. Clin. Orthop. Relat. R., 241: Tarek, A.A., Hip morphologic measurements in an egyptian population. Orthopedics, 34(4): Umer, M., A. Thambyah, W.T.J. Tan and S. Das De, Acetabular morphometry for determining hip
41 dysplasia in the Singaporean population. J. Orthop. Surg., 14(1): B. C. Msamati, 2003, GEOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS OF THE ACETABULUM IN ADULT MALAWIANS, 15(1): J. Dairy Sci.,2013, Radiologic Determination of Acetabula Index and Centre Edge Angle in South Nigerian Population 3(3):
42 Appendix
43 بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم The National Ribat University Faculty of Graduate Studies and Scientific Researches Data collection Sheet Date -Serial No. -Gender: Male Female - age -Type of X- ray: Plain -Series of IVU Degree of the acetabular angle : - Comments:
44
Copyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Dr. Nabil Khouri MD, MSc, Ph.D
Dr. Nabil Khouri MD, MSc, Ph.D Pelvic Girdle (Hip) Organization of the Lower Limb It is divided into: The Gluteal region The thigh The knee The leg The ankle The foot The thigh and the leg have compartments
More informationSkeletal System Module 13: The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis
OpenStax-CNX module: m47993 1 Skeletal System Module 13: The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis Donna Browne Based on The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis by OpenStax College This work is produced by OpenStax-CNX and licensed
More informationPELVIS & SACRUM Dr. Jamila El-Medany Dr. Essam Eldin Salama
PELVIS & SACRUM Dr. Jamila El-Medany Dr. Essam Eldin Salama Learning Objectives At the end of the lecture, the students should be able to : Describe the bony structures of the pelvis. Describe in detail
More informationFirst practical session. Bones of the gluteal region
First practical session 2017 Bones of the gluteal region The Hip bone The hip bone is made of: 1 The ilium: superior in position 2 The ischium:postero-inferior in position 3 The pubis: antero-inferior
More informationLAB Notes#1. Ahmad Ar'ar. Eslam
LAB Notes#1 Ahmad Ar'ar Eslam 1 P a g e Anatomy lab Notes Lower limb bones :- Pelvic girdle: It's the connection between the axial skeleton and the lower limb; it's made up of one bone called the HIP BONE
More informationThe os coxae or hip bone consists of three flat bones, ilium, ischium and pubis, which fuse together to form the acetabulum.
The os coxae The os coxae or hip bone consists of three flat bones, ilium, ischium and pubis, which fuse together to form the acetabulum. The ilium extends from the acetabulum upwards forming the lateral
More informationAnatomy & Physiology Pelvic Girdles 10.1 General Information
Anatomy & Physiology Pelvic Girdles 10.1 General Information ICan2Ed, Inc. In human anatomy, the pelvis (plural pelves or pelvises) is the lower part of. The area of the body that is between the abdomen
More informationIt is formed by fusion of 3 bones: I. Ilium (superior bone). II. Pubis (antero-inferior bone). III. Ischium (postero-inferior bone).
It is formed by fusion of 3 bones: I. Ilium (superior bone). II. Pubis (antero-inferior bone). III. Ischium (postero-inferior bone). Pubis Acetabulum Ana (242 ) The three constituent of bones of the hip
More informationBones of Lower Limb. Dr. Heba Kalbouneh Associate Professor of Anatomy and Histology
Bones of Lower Limb Dr. Heba Kalbouneh Associate Professor of Anatomy and Histology Bones of the lower limb Hip Bone Made up of 3 bones: 1) Ilium (flat), superior in position 2) Ischium (L), postero-inferior
More informationFigure 7: Bones of the lower limb
BONES OF THE APPENDICULAR SKELETON The appendicular skeleton is composed of the 126 bones of the appendages and the pectoral and pelvic girdles, which attach the limbs to the axial skeleton. Although the
More informationIntroduction to Anatomy. Dr. Maher Hadidi. Tala Ar ar. Mar/10th/2013
Sheet Introduction to Anatomy Dr. Maher Hadidi Tala Ar ar 15 Mar/10th/2013 Lower limb The skeleton of the lower limb is the lower appendicular skeleton which consists of 2 parts: 1- Pelvic girdle. 2- Bones
More informationSlide Read the tables it is about the difference between male & female pelvis.
I didn t include the slides, this is only what the doctor read or said because he skipped a lot of things because we took it previously, very important to go back to the slides (*there is an edited version)
More informationThe Lower Limb. Anatomy RHS 241 Lecture 2 Dr. Einas Al-Eisa
The Lower Limb Anatomy RHS 241 Lecture 2 Dr. Einas Al-Eisa The bony pelvis Protective osseofibrous ring for the pelvic viscera Transfer of forces to: acetabulum & head of femur (when standing) ischial
More informationSkeletal System. It s all about the bones!!!
Skeletal System It s all about the bones!!! The Skeletal System in Action!! The Skeletal System in Action! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=icwllrqkv cg&list=plzile25upgebvru0jneppcabh0fhktgt Q 1. FYI 5
More informationC. Bones of the Pelvic Girdle
C. Bones of the Pelvic Girdle 1. 2 coxal bones (a.k.a hip bones): -bony pelvis is made up of hip bones, sacrum, & coccyx -pelvic bones are large & heavy & attach to the axial skeleton via sacrum/coccyx
More informationKaan Yücel M.D., Ph.D. 14.January.2014 Tuesday
Kaan Yücel M.D., Ph.D. 14.January.2014 Tuesday Sexual differences are related mainly 1. Heavier build and larger muscles of most men 2. Adaptation of the pelvis (particularly the lesser pelvis) in women
More informationBiology 218 Human Anatomy. Adapted from Martini Human Anatomy 7th ed. Chapter 7 The Skeletal System Appendicular Division
Adapted from Martini Human Anatomy 7th ed. Chapter 7 The Skeletal System Appendicular Division Introduction The appendicular skeleton includes: Pectoral girdle Shoulder bones Upper limbs Pelvic girdle
More informationCopyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Dr. Nabil khouri
Dr. Nabil khouri Appendicular Skeleton The appendicular skeleton is made up of the bones of the upper and lower limbs and their girdles Two girdles: Pectoral girdles attach the upper limbs to the body
More informationChapter 8. The Appendicular Skeleton. Lecture Presentation by Lee Ann Frederick University of Texas at Arlington Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 8 The Appendicular Skeleton Lecture Presentation by Lee Ann Frederick University of Texas at Arlington An Introduction to the Appendicular Skeleton The Appendicular Skeleton 126 bones Allows us
More informationPectoral (Shoulder) Girdle
Chapter 8 Skeletal System: Appendicular Skeleton Pectoral girdle Pelvic girdle Upper limbs Lower limbs 8-1 Pectoral (Shoulder) Girdle Consists of scapula and clavicle Clavicle articulates with sternum
More information1. BASIC SHAPE(S) OF THE PELVIS
1. BASIC SHAPE(S) OF THE PELVIS First off, you can treat the pelvis as an equation involving three shapes: 1 triangle + 1 circle + 1 oval = 1 os coxae The bones of the pelvis are composed of two ossa coxae
More informationThe Appendicular Skeleton
8 The Appendicular Skeleton PowerPoint Lecture Presentations prepared by Jason LaPres Lone Star College North Harris 8-1 The Pectoral Girdle The Pectoral Girdle Also called shoulder girdle Connects the
More informationORIENTING TO BISECTED SPECIMENS ON THE PELVIS PRACTICAL
ORIENTING TO BISECTED SPECIMENS ON THE PELVIS PRACTICAL The Pelvis is just about as complicated as head and neck and considerably more mysterious. You have to be able to visualize (imagine) the underlying
More informationBiology 218 Human Anatomy
Chapter 8 Adapted from Tortora 10 th ed. LECTURE OUTLINE A. Introduction (p. 203) 1. The appendicular skeleton contains 126 bones that form: i. two pectoral (shoulder) girdles two upper limbs i one pelvic
More informationChapter 7: Skeletal System: Gross Anatomy
Chapter 7: Skeletal System: Gross Anatomy I. General Considerations A. How many bones in an average adult skeleton? B. Anatomic features of bones are based on II. Axial Skeleton A. Skull 1. Functionally
More informationThe Lower Limb. Sevda LAFCI FAHRİOĞLU, MD.PhD.
The Lower Limb Sevda LAFCI FAHRİOĞLU, MD.PhD. The Lower Limb The bones of the lower limb form the inferior part of the appendicular skeleton the organ of locomotion for bearing the weight of body stronger
More informationTable 2. First Generated List of Expert Responses. Likert-Type Scale. Category or Criterion. Rationale or Comments (1) (2) (3) (4)
Table 2. First Generated List of Expert Responses. Likert-Type Scale Category or Criterion Anatomical Structures and Features Skeletal Structures and Features (1) (2) (3) (4) Rationale or Comments 1. Bones
More informationBones of the Lower Limb Bone Structure Description Notes. border of the superior ramus. inferolaterally from the pubic symphysis
Bones of the Lower Limb Bone Structure Description Notes pubis an angulated bone the forms the anterior part of the pelvis one of three bones that form the os coxae: ilium, ischium, pubis; its forms 1/5
More informationLectures of Human Anatomy
Lectures of Human Anatomy Lower Limb Gluteal Region and Hip Joint By DR. ABDEL-MONEM AWAD HEGAZY M.B. with honor 1983, Dipl."Gynecology and Obstetrics "1989, Master "Anatomy and Embryology" 1994, M.D.
More informationRadiographic Determination Of Sex Differences In Ischiopubic Index Of A Nigerian Population
ISPUB.COM The Internet Journal of Biological Anthropology Volume 3 Number 2 Radiographic Determination Of Sex Differences In Ischiopubic Index Of A Nigerian Population T Ekanem, A Udongwu, S Singh Citation
More informationOverview of the Skeleton: Bone Markings
Name Overview of the Skeleton: Bone Markings Match the terms in column B with the appropriate description in column A. Column A 1. sharp, slender process* 2. small rounded projection* 3. narrow ridge of
More informationSKELETAL SYSTEM 206. AXIAL SKELETON 80 APPENDICULAR SKELETON 126 (see Figure 6.1) Clavicle. Clavicle. Pectoral girdles. Scapula. Scapula.
SKELETAL SYSTEM 206 AXIAL SKELETON 80 APPENDICULAR SKELETON 126 (see Figure 6.1) Pectoral girdles 4 Clavicle Scapula 2 2 Clavicle Scapula Humerus 2 Humerus Upper limbs 60 Radius 2 Ulna Carpal bones Metacarpal
More informationHuman, Male, surgically altered radius, ulna and innominate
Human, Male, surgically altered radius, ulna and innominate PRODUCT NUMBER: FO-102 SPECIMEN EVALUATED: Bone Clones replica SKELETAL INVENTORY: Left radius Left ulna Right innominate GENERAL OBSERVATIONS:
More informationCopyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
E. VERTEBRAL COLUMN 1. The vertebral column extends from the skull to the pelvis and forms the vertical axis of the skeleton. 2. The vertebral column is composed of vertebrae that are separated by intervertebral
More informationThe thigh. Prof. Oluwadiya KS
The thigh Prof. Oluwadiya KS www.oluwadiya.com The Thigh: Boundaries The thigh is the region of the lower limb that is approximately between the hip and knee joints Anteriorly, it is separated from the
More informationChapter 8 Outline. Pectoral Girdle Upper Limb Pelvic Girdle Lower Limb Aging of the Appendicular Skeleton Development of the Appendicular Skeleton
Chapter 8 Outline Pectoral Girdle Upper Limb Pelvic Girdle Lower Limb Aging of the Appendicular Skeleton Development of the Appendicular Skeleton Figure 8.1 Appendicular Skeleton Pectoral Girdle Clavicle
More informationThe Hip (Iliofemoral) Joint. Presented by: Rob, Rachel, Alina and Lisa
The Hip (Iliofemoral) Joint Presented by: Rob, Rachel, Alina and Lisa Surface Anatomy: Posterior Surface Anatomy: Anterior Bones: Os Coxae Consists of 3 Portions: Ilium Ischium Pubis Bones: Pubis Portion
More informationFigure 1 - Hip and Pelvis
Hip Figure 1 - Hip and Pelvis The terms hip and pelvis are frequently used interchangeably, but strictly speaking, the pelvis is a girdle of bones and the hip is a joint. The pelvis consists of The sacrum
More informationHuman Female, Blunt Force Trauma
Human Female, Blunt Force Trauma Product Number: FM-540-SET Known Information: These postcranial bones are from a Native American female who died when hit by an 18- wheel truck. This information was documented
More informationMuscles of the Thigh. 6.1 Identify, describe the attachments of and deduce the actions of the muscles of the thigh: Anterior group
Muscles of the Thigh 6.1 Identify, describe the attachments of and deduce the actions of the muscles of the thigh: Anterior group Sartorius: This is a long strap like muscle with flattened tendons at each
More informationThe Appendicular Skeleton
8 The Appendicular Skeleton PowerPoint Lecture Presentations prepared by Jason LaPres Lone Star College North Harris An Introduction to the Appendicular Skeleton Learning Outcomes 8-1 Identify the bones
More informationBony Anatomy. Femur. Femoral Head Femoral Neck Greater Trochanter Lesser Trochanter Intertrochanteric Crest Intertrochanteric Line Gluteal Tuberosity
Hip Anatomy Bony Anatomy Femur Femoral Head Femoral Neck Greater Trochanter Lesser Trochanter Intertrochanteric Crest Intertrochanteric Line Gluteal Tuberosity Bony Anatomy Pelvic Girdle Acetabulum 3 bones
More informationGluteal region DR. GITANJALI KHORWAL
Gluteal region DR. GITANJALI KHORWAL Gluteal region The transitional area between the trunk and the lower extremity. The gluteal region includes the rounded, posterior buttocks and the laterally placed
More informationPRE-LAB EXERCISES. Before we get started, look up the definitions of these common bone marking terms: Canal: Condyle: Facet: Fissure:
1 PRE-LAB EXERCISES When studying the skeletal system, the bones are often sorted into two broad categories: the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton. This lab focuses on the appendicular skeleton,
More informationThe sacrum is a complex anatomical structure.
A Review Paper Rongming Xu, MD, Nabil A. Ebraheim, MD, and Nicholas K. Gove, MD Abstract Treatment in spinal disorders, sacroiliac joint disruption, and sacral fractures may involve instrumentation of
More informationABC of Emergency Radiology
ABC of Emergency Radiology It is possible for the non-specialist to interpret pelvic radiographs accurately Important anatomical considerations THE PELVIS P A Driscoll, R Ross, D A Nicholson FIG i-line
More informationLab Activity 9. Appendicular Skeleton Martini Chapter 8. Portland Community College BI 231
Lab Activity 9 Appendicular Skeleton Martini Chapter 8 Portland Community College BI 231 Appendicular Skeleton Upper & Lower extremities Shoulder Girdle Pelvic Girdle 2 Humerus 3 Humerus: Proximal End
More informationPelvic Girdle
ARTICULATIONS OF LOWER EXTREMITY Pages 429-437 Pelvic Girdle formed by connection of the hip bones and the sacrum Sacroiliac Joints compound joints synovial joint - anterior, between the auricular surfaces
More informationTo classify the joints relative to structure & shape
To classify the joints relative to structure & shape To describe the anatomy of the hip joint To describe the ankle joint To memorize their blood & nerve supply JOINTS: Joints are sites where skeletal
More informationChapter 8B. The Skeletal System: Appendicular Skeleton. The Appendicular Skeleton. Clavicle. Pectoral (Shoulder) Girdle
The Appendicular Skeleton Chapter 8B The Skeletal System: Appendicular Skeleton 126 bones Pectoral (shoulder) girdle Pelvic (hip) girdle Upper limbs Lower limbs Functions primarily to facilitate movement
More informationWARD S Sherlock Bones: Identification of Skeletal Activity Lab Activity Student Study Guide
WARD S Sherlock Bones: Identification of Skeletal Activity Lab Activity Student Study Guide BACKGROUND Imagine that you are hiking in the woods when suddenly you stumble upon what appears to be a human
More informationImportant Parts of Bones
Important Parts of Bones For 2015 Know: Humerus (posterior) Clavical Femur (Anterior) Foot Hand Mandible Os Coxa Scapula Skull (Anterior, Inferior, Lateral) Sternum Humerus (posterior) A. olecranon fossa
More informationHuman Male Asian Skeleton, Robust
Human Male Asian Skeleton, Robust Product Number: Specimen Evaluated: Skeletal Inventory: SC-287 Original Specimen Near-complete human skeleton with 28 teeth. Osteological Observations: This is a clean,
More informationTHE THORACIC WALL. Boundaries Posteriorly by the thoracic part of the vertebral column. Anteriorly by the sternum and costal cartilages
THE THORACIC WALL Boundaries Posteriorly by the thoracic part of the vertebral column Anteriorly by the sternum and costal cartilages Laterally by the ribs and intercostal spaces Superiorly by the suprapleural
More informationBiology 152 Appendicular Skeleton Anatomy Objectives
Biology 152 Appendicular Skeleton Anatomy Objectives We will learn proper bone names, left/right/medial, and the parts of bones in this exercise. Start by learning the names of the bones. As you gain comfort
More informationThe University Of Jordan Faculty Of Medicine THE LOWER LIMB. Dr.Ahmed Salman Assistant Prof. of Anatomy. The University Of Jordan
The University Of Jordan Faculty Of Medicine THE LOWER LIMB Dr.Ahmed Salman Assistant Prof. of Anatomy. The University Of Jordan Gluteal Region Cutaneous nerve supply of (Gluteal region) 1. Lateral cutaneous
More information10/12/2010. Upper Extremity. Pectoral (Shoulder) Girdle. Clavicle (collarbone) Skeletal System: Appendicular Skeleton
Skeletal System: Appendicular Skeleton Pectoral girdle Pelvic girdle Upper limbs Lower limbs 8-1 Pectoral (Shoulder) Girdle Consists of scapula and clavicle Clavicle articulates with sternum (Sternoclavicular
More informationGENERAL SCOPE AND USES OF PHYSICAL/BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY. Paper No. & Title: B.A./B.Sc. (Honours) 2 dn semester. (Practical)
GENERAL SCOPE AND USES OF PHYSICAL/BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY Course name: Physical Anthropology Paper No. & Title: B.A./B.Sc. (Honours) 2 dn semester (Practical) Topic No. & Title: 5/12 (Part-I) Drawing
More informationLocated more distal and anterior together with Trapezoid, anterior to scaphoid Trapezium rarely to be fractured.
The hand The hand consists of the 3 groups: Proximal part: carpals bones (8) Middle part: metacarpal bones (5) Distal part: fingers or phalanges bones (3 for each finger except for the thumb just 2 bones).
More information8 THE APPENDICULAR SKELETON
CHAPTER 8 THE APPENDICULAR SKELETON 293 8 THE APPENDICULAR SKELETON Figure 8.1 Dancer The appendicular skeleton consists of the upper and lower limb bones, the bones of the hands and feet, and the bones
More informationMain Menu. Joint and Pelvic Girdle click here. The Power is in Your Hands
1 Hip Joint and Pelvic Girdle click here Main Menu K.6 http://www.handsonlineeducation.com/classes//k6entry.htm[3/23/18, 2:01:12 PM] Hip Joint (acetabular femoral) Relatively stable due to : Bony architecture
More informationThe Hip Joint. Shenequia Howard David Rivera
The Hip Joint Shenequia Howard David Rivera Topics Of Discussion Movement Bony Anatomy Ligamentous Anatomy Muscular Anatomy Origin/Insertion/Action/Innervation Common Injuries MOVEMENT Flexion Extension
More informationImaging Of The Pelvis
Imaging Of The Pelvis 1 / 6 2 / 6 3 / 6 Imaging Of The Pelvis MRI of the pelvis may be more focused on the organs, soft tissues, and vessels, rather than on the bones themselves. In many instances, MRI
More informationThe Skeletal System THE APPENDICULAR SKELETON
The Skeletal System THE APPENDICULAR SKELETON The appendicular skeleton consists of the girdles and the skeleton of the limbs. The upper (anterior) limbs are attached to the pectoral (shoulder) girdle
More informationInferior Pelvic Border
Pelvis + Perineum Pelvic Cavity Enclosed by bony, ligamentous and muscular wall Contains the urinary bladder, ureters, pelvic genital organs, rectum, blood vessels, lymphatics and nerves Pelvic inlet (superior
More informationBone Clones Osteological Evaluation Report
Human Fracture Set Product Number: FM-501-SET Known Information: These remains are from a 62-year-old European American male who died due to alcoholism. This information was documented at the time of the
More informationIdentify the muscles associated with the medial compartment of the thigh. Identify the attachment points of the medial thigh muscles.
L 8 A B O R A T O R Y Thigh MEDIAL THIGH Identify the muscles associated with the medial compartment of the thigh. Identify the attachment points of the medial thigh muscles. Identify the actions of these
More informationNOTES FROM GUTMAN LECTURE 10/26 Use this outline to study from. As you go through Gutman s lecture, fill in the topics.
NOTES FROM GUTMAN LECTURE 10/26 Use this outline to study from. As you go through Gutman s lecture, fill in the topics. Anatomy above the arcuate line Skin Camper s fascia Scarpa s fascia External oblique
More informationCHAPTER 7, PART II (BONES)
Anatomy Name: CHAPTER 7, PART II (BONES) Entry #: INSTRUCTIONS: 1) READ Chapter 7, pg. 140-161. 2) Using the outline, make a note card for each underlined bone name or phrase. 3) On each note card, put
More informationRadiologic Determination of Ischiopubic Index in South-South Nigerian Population
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 5(5): 96-100, 2013 ISSN: 2040-8765; e-issn: 2040-8773 Maxwell Scientific Organization, 2013 Submitted: February 10, 2012 Accepted: June 08, 2012 Published: October 25,
More informationAxial Skeleton: Vertebrae and Thorax
Axial Skeleton: Vertebrae and Thorax Function of the vertebral column (spine or backbone): 1) 2) 3) Composition of Vertebral column The vertebral column is formed by 33 individual vertebrae (some of which
More informationUltrasound and radiography findings in developmental dysplasia of the hip: a pictorial review
Ultrasound and radiography findings in developmental dysplasia of the hip: a pictorial review Poster No.: C-2542 Congress: ECR 2012 Type: Educational Exhibit Authors: S. P. Ivanoski; Ohrid/MK Keywords:
More informationClassification of Pelvis and Aetabulum Injuries
Introduction The earliest attempt at classifying pelvic ring injuries was made by Bucholz where he described three groups essentially defining anteroposterior injuries of later classification systems.[1]
More informationCircles are Pointless - Angles in the assessment of adult hip dysplasia are not!
Circles are Pointless - Angles in the assessment of adult hip dysplasia are not! Poster No.: C-1964 Congress: ECR 2014 Type: Authors: Keywords: DOI: Educational Exhibit S. E. West, S. G. Cross, J. Adu,
More informationUpper arch. 1Prosthodontics. Dr.Bassam Ali Al-Turaihi. Basic anatomy & & landmark of denture & mouth
1Prosthodontics Lecture 2 Dr.Bassam Ali Al-Turaihi Basic anatomy & & landmark of denture & mouth Upper arch Palatine process of maxilla: it form the anterior three quarter of the hard palate. Horizontal
More informationTHE HIP. Cooler than cool, the pinnacle of what is "it". Beyond all trends and conventional coolness.
THE HIP Cooler than cool, the pinnacle of what is "it". Beyond all trends and conventional coolness. Objectives Hip anatomy Causes of hip pain Hip exam Anatomy Bones Ilium Anterior Superior Iliac Spine
More informationLecture 10 Arteries and veins of the upper limb
Lecture 10 Arteries and veins of the upper limb 1. Identify the Subclavian, axillary, brachial (deep and superficial), radial and ulnar arteries and superficial/deep palmar arches 2. Describe the major
More informationSpring Written By: J. E. Sutton. Contents: I. Overview of the Skeleton: II. Appendicular Skeleton III. Axial Skeleton IV.
Spring 2012 Written By: J. E. Sutton Contents: I. Overview of the Skeleton: II. Appendicular Skeleton III. Axial Skeleton IV. Articulations Overview of the Skeleton: I. Orientation to Human Skeleton: a.
More informationANATYOMY OF The thigh
ANATYOMY OF The thigh 1- Lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh Ι) Skin of the thigh Anterior view 2- Femoral branch of the genitofemoral nerve 5- Intermediate cutaneous nerve of the thigh 1, 2 and 3 are
More informationThe Axial Skeleton Hyoid Bone. Lecture Overview. Marieb s Human Anatomy and Physiology. Chapter 7 The Axial and Appendicular Skeleton Lecture 14
Marieb s Human Anatomy and Physiology Marieb Hoehn Chapter 7 The Axial and Appendicular Skeleton Lecture 14 1 Axial Skeleton Hyoid bone Bones of the orbit Paranasal sinuses Infantile skull Vertebral column
More informationREPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM By Dr.Ahmed Salman
The University Of Jordan Faculty Of Medicine Anatomy Department REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM By Dr.Ahmed Salman Assistant Professor of Anatomy &embryology Perineum It is the diamond-shaped lower end of the trunk
More informationLower limb summary. Anterior compartment of the thigh. Done By: Laith Qashou. Doctor_2016
Lower limb summary Done By: Laith Qashou Doctor_2016 Anterior compartment of the thigh Sartorius Anterior superior iliac spine Upper medial surface of shaft of tibia 1. Flexes, abducts, laterally rotates
More informationAmy Warenda Czura, Ph.D. 1 SCCC BIO130 Lab 7 Appendicular Skeleton & Articulations
The Skeletal System II: Appendicular Skeleton and Articulations Exercises 11, 13 (begins: page 145 in 9 th and 10 th editions) Exercises 10, 11 (begins: page 147 in 11 th edition, page 149 in 12 th edition)
More informationPelvic fractures. Dr Raymond Yean, MBBS Surgical SRMO
Pelvic fractures Dr Raymond Yean, MBBS Surgical SRMO PELVIC FRACTURES Pelvic fracture account for 2-8% all skeletal injuries Associated with High energy trauma Soft tissue injuries and blood loss. Shock,
More informationHip joint and pelvic girdle. Lower Extremity. Pelvic Girdle 6/5/2017
Hip joint and pelvic girdle Lower Extremity The relationship between the pelvic girdle and hip is similar to that between the shoulder girdle and shoulder joint. The lower limbs are attached to the axial
More informationAnatomy Lecture #19 AN INTRODUCTION TO THE THORAX April 3, 2012
Page 1 بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم The Thoracic Wall Firstly, when we talk about thorax, we should begin with the thorax wall which means not only bones that construct the thorax but also the muscles which
More informationLesson 24. A & P Hip
Lesson 24 A & P Hip 1 Aims of the Session This session will allow candidates to have an understanding of the bony prominences and soft tissues of the hip 2 Learning Outcomes By the end of the lesson the
More informationWhat is a Hip Dysplasia?
What is a Hip Dysplasia? Hip dysplasia, developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH)[1] or congenital dysplasia of the hip (CDH)[2] is a congenital or acquired deformation or misalignment of the hip joint.
More informationrotation of the hip Flexion of the knee Iliac fossa of iliac Lesser trochanter Femoral nerve Flexion of the thigh at the hip shaft of tibia
Anatomy of the lower limb Anterior & medial compartments of the thigh Dr. Hayder The fascia lata encloses the entire thigh like a sleeve/stocking. Three intramuscular fascial septa (lateral, medial, and
More informationRADIOLOGY OF THE NORMAL ACETABULUM. X-ray X-ray X-ray. Figure. Figure ILIAC OBLIQUE VIEW OBTURATOR OBLIQUE VIEW AP VIEW
RADIOLOGY OF THE NORMAL ACETABULUM Six radiological landmarks should be recognized on the Anterior Posterior radiograph: 1. Posterior wall of the acetabulum 2. Anterior wall of the acetabulum 3. Roof /
More informationCHAPTER 8 LECTURE OUTLINE
CHAPTER 8 LECTURE OUTLINE I. INTRODUCTION A. The appendicular skeleton includes the bones of the upper and lower extremities and the shoulder and hip girdles. B. The appendicular skeleton functions primarily
More informationA novel method for assessing postoperative femoral head reduction in developmental dysplasia of the hip
J Child Orthop (2014) 8:319 324 DOI 10.1007/s11832-014-0600-5 ORIGINAL CLINICAL ARTICLE A novel method for assessing postoperative femoral head reduction in developmental dysplasia of the hip Anthony Cooper
More informationChapter 7: Skeletal System
Chapter 7: Skeletal System The Skeletal System Introduction P. 182 Bone is an organ made up of tissues: It is made up of the following components. Cartilage Blood Nerves Bone Connective Bone Classification
More informationForensic Anthropology. What can it tell us?
Forensic Anthropology What can it tell us? History 1800s scientists began using skull measurements to differentiate human bodies 1897 Luetgert murder case; man killed his wife and boiled down her remains
More informationExternal Acoustic Meatus. Mastoid Process. Zygomatic Process. Temporal Bone
Bone lab review 1. Frontal Bone 2. Supra-Orbital Foramen 3. Orbit (Orbital Cavity) 4. Superior Orbital Fissure 5. Inferior Orbital Fissure 6. Zygomatic Bone 7. Infra-Orbital Foramen 8. Maxilla 9. Mandible
More informationChapter 8 The Skeletal System: The Appendicular Skeleton. Copyright 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Chapter 8 The Skeletal System: The Appendicular Skeleton Appendicular Skeleton The primary function is movement It includes bones of the upper and lower limbs Girdles attach the limbs to the axial skeleton
More informationbio4165 lab quiz 1 Posterior View Anterior View Lateral View Anterior View bio fall.quarter lab.quiz.1...page.1 of 6
B A Posterior View D C E Lateral View bio.4165...fall.quarter.2005...lab.quiz.1...page.1 of 6 F I G 35 Posterior View H bio.4165...fall.quarter.2005...lab.quiz.1...page.2 of 6 J Posterior View L K Inferior
More informationASSESSMENT OF RELIABILITY OF VARIOUS CRITERIA USED IN ADULT HIP BONE SEX DIFFERENTIATION
Original Research Article ASSESSMENT OF RELIABILITY OF VARIOUS CRITERIA USED IN ADULT HIP BONE SEX DIFFERENTIATION Vivek K Nirmale * 1, Mohammad Laeeque 2, Chaya V. Diwan 3. ABSTRACT International Journal
More informationHuman, Adolescent (15-18 years)
Human, Adolescent (15-18 years) PRODUCT NUMBER: SPECIMEN EVALUATED: SKELETAL INVENTORY: SC-301 Original specimen 1 Cranium with 11 maxillary teeth 1 Mandible with 13 teeth 1 Complete postcranial skeleton
More information