ATTITUDES OF FACULTY MEMBERS IN THE OPEN UNIVERSITIES IN THAILAND TOWARD MEDIA TECHNOLOGIES DISSERTATION. Presented to the Graduate Council of the

Transcription

1 3-7<? A/8/d /^o, <sr?4 ATTITUDES OF FACULTY MEMBERS IN THE OPEN UNIVERSITIES IN THAILAND TOWARD MEDIA TECHNOLOGIES DISSERTATION Psntd to th Gdut Counil of th Noth Txs Stt Univsity in Ptil Fulfillmnt of th Rquimnts Fo th Dg of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY By Sut Suiywongs, B.Ed., M.S, Dnton, Txs My, 1988

2 Suiywongs, Sut, Attituds of Fulty Mmbs in th Ojon Univsitis in Thilnd Towd Mdi Thnologis. Doto of Philosophy (High Edution), My, 1988, 103 pp., 12 tbls, bibliogphy, 42 titls. This study ws to omp th ttituds in tms of sx nd unt position, nd to invstigt th ttituds of fulty mmbs in Opn Univsitis in Thilnd towd mdi thnologis in tms of g, dution, nd thing xpin. A 25-sttmnt qustionni, with libility of 0.91 fo msuing ttituds, ws usd to gth th dt. Th totl sttifid ndom smpling popultion ws 300 fulty mmbs in th Opn Univsitis, 272 fom Rmkhmhng Univsity (RU) nd 28 fom Sukhothi Thmmthit Opn Univsity (STOU). Th tund t of th qustionni ws 244 (81.33%), 219 (80.51%) fom RU nd 25 (89.28%) fom STOU. Th t tst ws usd to tst signifint diffns btwn mls nd fmls, nd dministtos nd fultis. Th on-wy nlysis of vin ws usd to tst signifint diffns mong th lvls of g, dution, nd thing xpin. Th sults of this study inditd tht th ttituds of fulty mmbs in Opn Univsitis in Thilnd towd mdi thnologis w not signifintly diffnt in tms of sx, g, dution, thing xpin, nd unt

3 / ṟ position. Th fulty mmbs onsidd th us of (1) losd iuit tlvision s th fom of mdi whih nhnd thing qulity nd studnt lning in vitully ll instutionl ontnts, idd instutos, impovd instution, nd ws dily vilbl; (2) tlvision s th fom of mdi whih md th ontnt of th ous mo l fo studnts, pomotd studnts* indpndnt study, insd studnt motivtion, ws hlpful to instutos in impoving instution, nd ws ost-bnfiil; (3) dio s th fom of mdi most fquntly usd in th pst; (4) ovhd pojto s th fom of mdi most mngbl in th thing poss; (5) ls dis ply s th fom of mdi too omplx fo ffiint lssoom us; nd (6) inttiv vido systms s th fom of mdi most inhibiting to instutos.

4 TABLE OF CONTENTS Chpt 1. INTRODUCTION Sttmnt of th Poblm. Puposs of th Study.. Rsh Qustions.... Dfinition of Tms... Signifin of th Study Limittion of th Study. Chpt Bibliogphy REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE. Attitud nd Attitud Chng Attituds Towd Mdi Thnologis Signifin of Mdi Thnologis in th Thing-Lning Poss Chpt Bibliogphy 3. METHOD AND PROCEDURES Popultion Sltion of th Smpl Instumnt Dt Colltion... Anlysis of Dt.... Chpt Bibliogphy.. ANALYSIS OF THE DATA Fto Anlysis of Fulty Attituds Towd Mdi Thnologis Rsh Qustion On ^ Rsh Qustion Two.. Rsh Qustion Th Rsh Qustions Fou nd Fiv.. Rsh Qustion Six Chpt Bibliogphy Pg in

5 Chpt Pg 5. SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, IMPLICATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ' 5g Summy Popultion of th Study. 50 Sttistil Podus " q Summy of Findings Conlusions Implitions Rommndtions Summy of th Conlusions 53 APPENDICES BIBLIOGRAPHY Appndix A Appndix B Appndix C Appndix D Appndix E Appndix F Appndix G IV

6 LIST OF TABLES Tbl 1. Th Pntg of Rspondnts fom RU nd STOU 2. Fto Mtix, Eignvlus, Pntg of Vition, nd Communlity of th Fulty Attituds Towd Mdi Thnologis 3. Vimx Rottd Fto Mtix of Fulty Attituds Towd Mdi Thnologis.. 4. Th Mn nd Stndd Dvition of Fulty Attituds Towd Mdi Thnologis in RU nd STOU Tst fo Signifint Diffns btwn Attituds of Ml nd Fml Fulty Towd Mdi Thnologis Pg ]_ 6. Tst fo Signifint Diffns btwn Attituds of Administto nd Fulty Towd Mdi Thnologis Tst of Signifint Diffns mong Attituds of Fulty Mmbs in Diffnt of Ag Towd Mdi Thnologis Tst fo Signifint Diffns mong Attituds of Fulty Mmbs in Diffnt lvls of Edution Towd Mdi thnologis Tst fo Signifint Diffns mong Attituds of Fulty Mmbs Bsd on Y of Thing Expin Towd Mdi Thnologis Th Pntg of Fulty Mmbs Who Rivd Suffiint Funds fom th Opn Univsitis fo Using Mdi Thnologis 45

7 Tbl 11. Th Pntg of Fulty Mmbs Who Rivd Pofssionl Mdi Tining nd Assistn in Pping Mdi Thnologis. Pg ^ 12. Th Mn nd Stndd Dvition of th Pfd Rt of Fulty Mmbs in Evlution of Mdi Equipmnt 51 VI

8 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Thi dution is xpining volutiony hng inflund by modn thnology. Th fol point of this hng is th mgn of ollbotion of suh divs filds s ltonis, ltil ngining, infomtion possing, dutionl ommunition, nd instutionl thnology (Chng, 1975). Th hngs inflund by modn thnology hv bought bout th dvlopmnt of omput idd thing filitis both on nd off th mpuss of ollgs nd univsitis. In Thilnd, ths hngs hv found thi wy into th "Opn Univsitis." An Opn Univsity is univsity with uniqu systm of poviding high dution by mns of both distn lning nd tditionl lssoom instution. Instutos in Opn Univsitis my utiliz vity of mdi inluding ospondn mtils, tlvision, nd dio bodsts (Mintosh, 1977). Th two Opn Univsitis in Thilnd: Rmkhmhng Univsity (RU) nd Sukhothi Thmmthit Opn Univsity (STOU). RU nd STOU dstilly fftd by th hngs bought bout by th nw, modn, instutionl thnology.

9 Rmkhmhng Univsity Opn Admission ws stblishd in Fbuy, 1971 by th unnimous suppot of th Fdl Hous of Rpsnttivs. Th thing mthods utilizd t RU inlud not only lssoom ltus but lso distn thing though dio, tlvision, nd tutoil svis. Sin mny of th on-mpus lsss hv nollmnts of mo thn 10,000 studnts, th ltus omplishd by on-mpus, losd-iuit tlvision. Rmkhmhng Univsity hs th uniqu sponsibility of tnsmitting dutionl infomtion to ll stions of Thilnd. Ths tnsmissions, known s distn thing, onsist of on hundd nd foty-fou dio ouss nd foty-svn tlvision ouss (Noisngsi, 1985). Th filitis nd svis of Rmkhmhng Univsity w no long bl to mt th insing dutionl dmnds fo woking popl s wll s young ollg studnts. In od to mt th dmnds, Sukhothi Thmmthit Opn Univsity ws stblishd by Royl Cht in Sptmb, STOU ws th fist Opn Univsity in Southst Asi to us distn thing systm to xtnd high dution. Th distn lning systm in STOU mploys multimdi ppoh whih inluds dio nd tlvision bodsts s wll s oth thnil mdi. Th studnts do not ttnd n tul lssoom. All study is ondutd indpndntly (Sis-n, 1984).

10 In od to fulfill nd sv th high dutionl nds of th mjoity of studnts, th Thi dministtion hs mndtd th utiliztion of nw instutionl thnologis t both RU nd STOU. Th fulty mmbs t RU nd STOU must pt, undstnd, nd b bl to instut oths on th bnfits nd uss of vious ommunition mdi, posss, nd thniqus. Th tditionl ol of fulty mmbs hs volvd fom bing minly instutos, to tiv ptiiption in th dynmis of instutionl thnology. Pio to hnging th ol of th fulty, th ttituds of th fulty mmbs towd mdi thnologis must b dptd to mt th nw onpts. Sttmnt of th Poblm Th poblm of th study ws th ltionship of fulty ttituds towd mdi thnologis nd th uss of thnologis in th two Opn Univsitis in Thilnd. Puposs of th Study Th puposs of this study w s follows: 1. Th invstigtion of ttituds of fulty mmbs in th Opn Univsitis towd mdi thnologis. 2. A ompison of fulty ttituds of Rmkhmhng Univsity nd Sukhothi Thmmthit Opn Univsity on sis of itms whih inludd:. sx b. g

11 . dution d. thing xpin. unt position 3. An invstigtion of Opn Univsitis' budgt llotions fo mdi quipmnt. 4. An invstigtion to dtmin to wht xtnt th Opn Univsitis poviding pofssionl mdi tining fo ll fulty mmbs. 5. An invstigtion to dtmin th vilbility of ssistn in th us of mdi in pption nd in thing. 6. An invstigtion of th typ of mdi th fulty mmbs pf to us in th Opn Univsitis. Rsh Qustions In od to omplish th puposs of th study, th following sh qustions w utilizd: 1. Wht th ttituds of fulty mmbs towd mdi thnologis? 2. Wht similitis pp in th ttituds of th fulty mmbs towd mdi thnologis utiliztion whn vlutd by sx, g, dution, thing xpin, nd unt position? 3. Do th fulty mmbs bliv th Opn Univsity llots suffiint funds fo mdi quipmnt?

12 4. Do th fulty mmbs bliv th Opn Univsity povids pofssionl mdi tining? 5. Do th fulty mmbs bliv th Opn Univsity povids dqut ssistn to th instutos in th us of mdi pption nd instution? 6. A mdi povidd in od with fulty mmbs' pfns? Dfinition of Tms Ctin tms hv stitd mning nd dfind fo this study.s followsi 1. Attitud is dfind s mo o lss stbl tndny to spond in fvobl o unfvobl wy to ny topi, institution, pti, o pson (MKillop, 1952, p. 27). 2. Mdi Thnologis is dfind s th pplition of posss, systms, nd mngmnts to ll of th foms nd hnnls usd in th tnsmittl of infomtion. 3. An Ojon Univsity is dfind s n dutionl sou fom whih studnts of ll gs my ttin dg by omplting wok t hom, by ospondn, by tlvision, by ttnding lsss, nd by pping, whn dy, fo hllng xmintions in th subjt s (Good, 1973, p. 633). 4. Fulty mmbs is usd to f to ll mmbs of th dist goups:. Fulty mmbs who pimily instutos;

13 b. Fulty mmbs who dministtos only;. Fulty mmbs who dministtos s wll s instutos. 5. Administtos fs to to, vi-to, dns, nd dptmntl his. 6. Rto fs to th Psidnt of th Opn Univsity. 7. Edutionl mdi is dfind s ll non-book mtils usd fo thing nd lning puposs nd th quipmnt nssy fo th us of ths mtils. 8. Multimdi systms is dfind s th ombintion of two o mo typs of mdi usd to fom nw lning pkg nd/o vitis of lning xpins. 9. Cospondn txt is dfind s st of pintd lssons o ssignmnts with ditions fo study, xiss, tsts, bsd on txtul mtils nd/o oth instutionl mdi, to b usd s pimy o supplmntl ids to lning outsid gul lssoom nvionmnt (Good, 1973, p. 143). 10. Communition spilist is dfind s pson hving bod knowldg of udiovisul mdi nd pbl of ognizing th ontnt of udiovisul mtils to b podud so tht th sttd puposs will bst b svd (Good, 1973, p. 119). 11. Mdi spilist is dfind s pson with ppopit tifition nd bod pofssionl

14 pption, both in dution nd mdi, with nbling omptnis to y out mdi pogm (Assoition fo Edutionl Communitions nd Thnology, 1979, p. 21). Signifin of th Study Th Opn Univsity is n institution whih povids both distn thing nd tditionl lssoom instution. Th pogms off th studnt th oppotunity to study t hom within thi own vilbl tim. Instution is psntd in ombintion of dlivy systms suh s ospondn txts, dio nd tlvision bodsts, udiovisul thniqus (ods, sstts, nd fllmstips), nd oth mdi mtils s wll s on-on-on ltus. Both th ol of th fulty mmbs nd th sponsibilitis of th dministtion fftd by th multimdi ppoh. Th fulty mmb who pfoms th ol of ontnt spilist must lso undstnd th ol of ommunition nd mdi spilists. Multimdi systm ppohs to lning possibl lgly though dutionl thnology. Effots logilly md to ins th ffiiny with whih infomtion n b tnsfd to lns. Th fulty mmbs should b th plnns nd ngs th thn tnsmitts of infomtion. Und this shm, th fully ognizd psnttion of infomtion should oupy 40 to 50 pnt of th ln's onsious ttntion to mdi stimuli (Tump, 1966).

15 Th utiliztion of ppopit nd fully sltd vitis of thnologis is vy impotnt. Th studnts will b infod in od to hiv pdtmind nd dsid bhviol objtivs (Dighton, 1971). This study is signifint in tht th findings vl infomtion whih should nbl th dministtos of th Opn Univsitis in pption of btt budgts fo thnologil filitis nd mo fftivly skilld fulty mmbs. Limittion of th Study This study is limitd to th full-tim fulty of two Opn Univsitis, Rmkhmhng Univsity nd Sukhothi Thmmthit Opn Univsity in Thilnd. Th sh utilizd qustionni dsignd to msu th ttituds of RU nd STOU fulty mmbs towd mdi thnologis.

16 CHAPTER BIBLIOGRAPHY Assoition fo Edutionl Communitions nd Thnology. WsWn g tof ^ : * 2 t-s- Chng H R. (1975). Attituds of dministtos towd th ^f?u C6S? t onpt nd towd ih ntgtd liby sin/dutionl thnnt^y Eom Unpublishid~dU^tol dissttlfet^hf Univsity of Iow, Iow City, Iow. Dighton^ L. C. (1971). Th nylopdi of dution. Nw Th MMilln Co. nd th F Pss"! GOOd, MGIw-Hi"?? MGw Hill 3 ' Book D^tion Compny. Y f dution. Nw Yok: Mintosh, N.E S Cld, J.A., nd Swift, B. (1977). A dg of diffn: Th opn univsity of th Tini Kingdom. Nw Yok: Pii^^ ~ ' Jnitd oflg 7 Columbi'tJnivlity 0 " -«h.. Noisngsi, P. (1985). Podings of th intntionl ^ n * " 2 P " high dution. Bngkok: Rmkhmhng Univsity, Thilnd. Sis-n, W. (1984). Sukhothi Thmmthit Opn B I S : Thilnd! Sukhot hi Th^thlfit Opn Tump, J L. (1973). Sondy dution tomoow fou Bul j; tin Avition th Ntionl Assoition of Sondy Shool Pinipls. 50,

17 CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Attitud nd Attitud Chng "An ttitud is mntl nd nul stt of dinss, ognizd though xpin, xting ditiv o dynmi influn upon th individul's spons to ll objts nd situtions with whih it is ltd" (Hom, 1985, p. 1). Thuston (1928) dfins ttitud s th sum totl of pson's inlintion nd fling, pjudi o bis, ponivd notions, ids, fs, thts, nd onvitions bout ny spifi topi. Thuston utilizs th tm "opinion" s vbl xpssion of ttitud; thfo, th tm opinion ' is oftn usd synonymously with th wod "ttitud." Th msumnt of ttituds is boming insingly impotnt in dution. Rmitts (1954) stts tht "th msumnt of ttituds nd opinions hs bom vitl pt of th dutionl systm. Edutos, spilly thos intstd in th guidn, mking mo nd mo us of ths dvis" (p. 395). 10

18 11 Th sults of hving ttituds dsibd by Shif, Shif, nd Nbgll (1965). Fist of ll, hving n ttitud mns tht th individul is no long nutl towd th fnts of n ttitud. H is fo o ginst, positivly inlind o ngtivly disposd in som dg towd thm--not just momntily, but in lsting wy, s th ttitud in qustion is optiv, (p. 5) How n ttitud is fomd my b n impotnt vibl. Rgn nd Fzio (1977) found tht ttituds fomd s sult of dit bhviol xpins mo likly to b mintind nd mo pditiv of subsqunt bhvio thn th ttituds on indit xpins. Ths subtl bhviol hngs indit tht mny ttituds not tught, but hv bn quid though lif xpins. As pson gows old nd ontts nd xpins bodn, sondy goups ontibut to th lning of ttituds. Howv, th los th ltionships btwn th individul nd oths, th gt th mount of influn xtd on th ttitud of th individul. Rmms (1954) xplins th dvlopmnt of ttituds s follows: Th gowth nd dvlopmnt of ttituds involvs intgtion of numous spifi sponss of simil typ. Suh ttituds dtmin th nti djustmnt of th individul... Aodingly th tm ttitud" is mly onvnint wy of fing to th ppdnss tht xists within

19 12 th ognism fo som futu tivity. it is to b mphsizd tht suh ppdnss is nith utomti no outin, but posssss ognitiv nd ontiv spts diffntiting it fom hbits nd flxs s ommonly gdd. Futhmo, ttituds towd innimt fos, institutions, nd vlus, whil ultully dtmind, vy in intnsity btwn individuls nd within th sm individul t diffnt tims, (p. 5) A hng in ttituds is lso dpndnt upon motivtion. If n individul's pvious ttituds sv his nds, h dos not wnt to pl th old ttituds with nw ttituds unlss th pson is su th nw ons will sv psonl nds vn btt, o phps sv mo pssing nds. Futhmo, th individul must b llowd to xpin stisftion with nw ttitud if th ttitud is to b infod nd stbilizd. Whn dqut motivtion fo hng is psnt, ttituds n b hngd sily (Mouly, 1965). 1 Kndl (1968) phsd bsi ssumption bout ttituds vy simply whn h sid, "Attituds fomd though xpin nd n b hngd though xpin." Ktz (1960) suggstd tht ttitud fomtion nd hng pobbly diffnt ttituds with diffnt motivtionl bss. Ktz listd th fou bss s follows:

20 13 (1) utilitin; (2) vlu-xpssiv; (3) go-dfnsiv; nd (4) knowldg. Th utilitin nd knowldg th bss ptinnt to th psnt study. A utilitin ttitud is ssoitd with suvivl of on kind o noth, s sfty o soil dquy, nd th objt of suh n ttitud is pivd s gol. Attituds with knowldg bsis onnd with omptny motivs. Hom (1985) pointd out th dg to whih pson is psudd to hng n opinion. It dpnds upon (1) ttnding to th ommunition, (2) undstnding th ontnt, (3) pting th mssg, (4) tining th nw opinion, nd (5) ting in odn with th nw opinion. Hovlnd, Jnis, nd Klly (1953) stssd th impotn of motivtionl ftos tht influn th ptn of mssg. Th uthos inditd tht svl vibls my influn whth o not pson dvlops nw ttitudinl spons. Th of th vibls (1) th sou of th ommunition (.g., th dg of dibility); ( 2 ) th stting in whih th pson ivs th ommunition, inluding th spons of oth listns to th ommunition; nd (3) th ntu of th ontnt of th ommunition suh s its stngth o ppl. Ftos ltd to individuls my lso influn ptn of mssg. Th initil ttituds nd mount of go involvmnt in th topi und disussion, s wll s bsi psonlity htistis, ontibuting lmnts in th ptn of mssg.

21 14 Tindis (1971) inditd tht popl dvlop ttituds in od to (1) hlp psonl undstnd th wold, by ognizing nd simplifying input; (2) pott slf-stm by mking it possibl to void unplsnt p sonl tuths, (3) hlp djustmnt in omplx wold by insing th pobbility of ting so s to mximiz wds fom th nvionmnt; nd (4) llow xpssion of fundmntl vlus. MGui (1969) idntifid fou possibl funtions of ttituds. (l) utilitin (dptiv) funtions; (2) onomy (knowldg) funtions; (3) xpssiv (slf-lizing) funtions; nd (4) th go-dfnsiv funtions. Attituds my b utilitin in od to id in th hivmnt of futu gol, but th ttituds my lso hv soil-djustmnt vlu. Whil ttituds with soil-djustmnt vlu filitt soil ltionships, onomy funtion ttituds bsd on nvionmntl xpins nd obsvtions. Th ttituds bsd on onomy funtion should b hngbl s sult of poviding nw infomtion to th subjt. Expssiv funtions involv motionl tions. Attituds to justify bhvio my b dptd. Whil ttituds usd to justify bhvio, ttituds my b hngd by quiing ovt onfomity with nw noms. Ego-dfnsiv funtions of ttituds involv psonl inn nds. Attituds tht th sult of go-dfnsiv funtions pon to b

22 15 impvious to hng by onvntionl infomtionl ppohs. Attituds Towd Mdi Thnologi s An xmintion of th ptinnt littu in th filds of dutionl ommunitions nd thnology vld tht fulty mmbs, in gnl, tnd to b sistnt o pthti in ttituds towd mdi thnologis. A ommitmnt to us mdi thnologis is nssity. Instutos will bom mo involvd in th instution poss. Dmnds will b md on both ths' nd studnts' tim, skills, nd slf-undstnding; howv, th ommitmnt is sn s tht to pofssionl dmi pivy nd utonomy. Engl (1970) nd th Cngi Commission on High Edution (1972) sst tht pogss hs bn md in tin quts of th dutionl systm, but in gnl, dution hs lggd f bhind in th utiliztion of mdi thnologis. Th Engl nd th Cngi Commission studis pot tht both pthy nd sistn om fom th gt body of fulty mmbs in ollgs nd univsitis. Engl stts tht th thing ommunity gds mdi thnologis s sug-oting, nttinmnt, o downight Philistinism. Mny sons hv bn dvnd fo th ngtiv ttituds of fultis towd mdi thnologis. Aoding

23 16 to MKnzi, Eut, nd Jons (1970), th univsity s n institution hs bn found to off stong sistn to innovtion, spilly in th s of thing nd lning. Th sistn is ttibutd to th lk of pop tining of fulty mmbs in th us of mdi thnologis. Ptuso (1981) lso pots tht s omputs w intodud into th shools, ths sistd th us of omputs. Th two pvlnt qustions isd w ltd to th mthod usd to th th us nd th dptbility of th nw quipmnt nd thnology into th xisting pogms. Bown nd Thonton (1963) nd Mundt (1968) of th joint opinion tht th fulty mmbs' sistn to mdi thnologis is bsd on th f tht th fulty will vntully b dud to n infio position. Godfy (1967) stts tht fulty mmbs viw mdi thnologis s dhumnizing dvlopmnt tht thtn to pl th instuto; thfo, mdi thnologis dismissd s noth 'dutionl gimmik." Godfy futh points out tht fulty mmbs' sistn stms fom thi lk of knowldg bout th spifi thnology nd th viw tht its us is inppopit in tin disiplins, suh s th humnitis. By th us of mdi thnologis, fulty mmbs' sponsibilitis ditd towd th studnt th thn th ltu nd th txtbook. Th instutos fd

24 17 to mng studnts lning though motivtion nd nougmnt. Th littu shows tht fulty mmbs hv muh to gin fom mdi thnologis if th thnology is intodud ppopitly in th ollgs nd univsitis. Unfotuntly, fulty mmbs hv not bn g to ty nw thniqus in thing. Th ol of th fulty mmb is hnging pidly; thfo, pid hng in th ngtiv ttituds towd mdi thnologis must b hivd. Bown nd Thonton (1963), hv quotd Bttlhim, in mphsizing tht: th tht of thnology is not to dny o nglt th dngs of sitution; not to un wy fom it by dstoying it nd dpiving onslf of its dvntgs; but to liz th dngs nd mt thm with onsious tion bsd upon psonl dision. This nutlizs th dng nd lts us njoy th dvntgs of thnology without ltting it dpiv us of ou humnity, (p. 14) Klly (1959) md study of th ttituds of ths towd th us of udiovisul mtils. Th study shows fvobl ttituds towds udiovisul mtils ltd to th following ftos: 1. Equipmnt nd mtils:. mount of quipmnt nd mtils b. ondition of quipmnt nd mtils. fquny of us

25 18 d. physil ogniztion of th lssoom. s of oding f. pption of mtils 2. Th nd mdi:. g nd sx of ths b. xtnt of foml dution. ous wok in udiovisul d. lngth of thing xpin. lvl o subjt mtt tught f. mhnil bility g. supvisos' ssistn h. stisftion with psonl us i. us by fllow ths nd ollg instutos. Klly (I960) lso sttd tht th sults of this study mphsiz th impotn of ognizing th pl of ttitud in ny ttmpt to nlyz th utiliztion of udiovisul mtils. Th th's ttitud my b mo impotnt in dtmining th us of udiovisul mtils, thn both knowldg bout mtils nd skill, in thi us. (p. 121) Knowlton nd Hws (1962) potd tht ov 1,400 ths ptiipting in th Ntionl Sin Foundtion Summ Instituts listd possibl dtnts to th us of film nd oth mdi by subjts nd oth ths.

26 19 Answs w tgoizd s instutionl^ lvn, instutionl usfulnss nd dquy of mtils, nd instutionl ilvn, o objtions hving to do with bis to us suh s tim, nois, booking poblms, filitis, nd oth bis. Th pot suggsts tht mny unontollbl ftos listd by ths s influning th non-us of quipmnt ontibutd unfvobly towd positiv ttitud of us of quipmnt. Tobis (1966) invstigtd th ttitud-towd nd knowldg of pogmmd instution nd oth mdi. Tobis potd tht ths with xtnsiv knowldg ltd to mdi hv mo positiv ttitud towd pogmmd instution thn ths who hv limitd undstnding of pogmmd instution. In ddition. Tobis sttd tht gdlss of lvl of knowldg, tms tht implid utomtion povokd th most hostil ttitud towd stutud thing. Tobis lso potd tht tms tht implid utomtion ould b gnlizd towd oth mdi suh s tlvision. Th study lso qustions th wisdom of oining tms suh s dutionl thnology, bus suh tms my sv to bis ths ginst mdi. Evns nd Lppmn (1968) pplid slt spts of soil psyhology (diffusion thoy, ognitiv dissonn, nd ttitud hng thoy) in sh s histoy. Th pupos of th study ws to (1) xmin th fulty's ttitud towds singul innovtion (instutionl

27 20 tlvision), nd (2) vlut thniqu of ovoming tlvision sistn though th us of fod-omplin modl. Th invstigtos potd tht fulty ttituds towd instutionl tlvision ompd unfvobly with th fulty ttituds towd onvntionl instution. Evns nd Lppmn (1968) hv md th following sttmnt ltd to instutionl tlvision: Ctinly th xplotion of xisting ttituds towd, nd futu possibilitis fo, th us of tlvision s n instutionl dvi t th univsity lvl is ntl fous. On this topi lon th dt fom ou sh s histoy my povid som soil psyhologil psptiv fo thos onnd with impoving ITV s usful tool fo th ollg duto, (p. 12) Signifin of Mdi Thnologis in th Thing-Lning Poss Edution is vy powful tool in th dvlopmnt of n individul o ntion; thfo, dution t ll lvls nd in vy disiplin must b stngthnd. In od to hiv this gol, nw thing tools nd thniqus must ontinu to b dvlopd though th us of mdi thnologis. Idlly, mdi thnologis should b imgintiv nd individulizd, s wll s plnnd nd tstd t ll lvls (Ajibo, 1985).

28 21 A mov towd individulizd lning in dution is slowly gining ttntion. This shift is nssittd by th volution of dutionl mthods nd ims wy fom th mphsis on ftul knowldg towds dp undstnding nd blif tht th shift n b bst omplishd by insd studnt ptiiption. In od to hiv this, th studnt not th th should b th lmnt of onn in th dution poss. Rsh studis by Alln (1971) nd Moldstd (1974) dmonsttd tht mdi thnologis vlubl tools in th thing-lning poss. Th findings of ths individul studis omplmntd by ntionl studis whih show tht th only nsw to instutionl poblms t ll lvls of dution is th pplition of mdi thnologis in instution (Tikton, 1970; Cngi Commission on High Edution, 1972; Bown & Thonton, 1968). Mdi thnologis hv bought bout numous positiv hngs in dution. Tikton (1970) mphsizd tht: th hngs in high dution will pobbly b s thooughgoing s thos whih industy undwnt whn it shftd fom hnd lbo to mhniztion. But soity huling into th g of omput nd stllit n b no long hld bk by n dutionl systm whih is limping long t th blkbod nd... txtbook stg of ommunition, (p. 10)

29 22 Nw nd sophistitd mdi thnologis now vilbl nd bing usd with som vying dgs of suss nd ptn. As potd in th Liby Jounl (1975, Dmb 1) n vlution of Ogon's nin-y bl xpin shows tht tlvision studnts do btt thn thi ollgus tking onvntionl lsss. Th fulty mmbs usd bl to solv th poblm of fftiv thing of high nollmnt lsss nd th mmbs gd tht tpd ltus w supio to ltus dlivd in th lssoom (xpt fo ouss quiing,inttion btwn th nd studnt). Wits suh s Inghm (1980), Buk (1982), s wll s oth uthos, hv disussd th lssoom us of vidodis nd th pbilitis of vious systms of vidodis thnology fo th thing-lning poss. Buk stts tht svl univsity-bsd vidodis pojts now in xistn. Inludd in th univsitis tiv in poduing mdi fo th lssoom is th Univsity of Nbsk Pojt, using inttiv omput-divn pogms with Rdio Shk TRS-80 mioomput, whih hs podud numb of diss fo th thing-lning poss. Th Univsity of Uth hs lso dvlopd pogm of physis instution using TERAK mioomput. Yt noth univsity is Uth stt Univsity, th sit of spil dution pogm utilizing touh sn to id physilly impid studnts.

30 23 Although mny univsitis hv implmntd omput pogms, fw studis hv bn ondutd to vlut fulty ttituds towd th us of omput pogms t th univsity lvl. Rshs hv ptd th pmis tht ttituds fomd though dit bhviol xpins nd knowldg. A hng in ttituds is dpndnt upon motivtion, omphnsion, nd ommunition. Th ttituds towd mdi thnologis ltd to physil nvionmnt, inssibility of mdi, lk of knowldg bout mdi, lk of ppopit instutionl mtil, insuffiint budgt, mdi pogm ogniztion, th dmogphi htistis, mdi dsiptos, nd mdi us. At this tim, vifition of sh ondutd to dtmin th ttituds towd mdi thnologis in th Opn Univsitis in Thilnd hs not bn found.

31 CHAPTER BIBLIOGRAPHY Ajibo, M.I(19 5). Attituds of fulty mmbs towd mdi thnologis in Nigi Univsity. Bitish Jounl of Edutionl Thnolofy. 6, 33-42"! Alln, W. (1971). Instutionl mdi sh: Pst, 5-18 futu. AV Communition Rviw. 19 (1), Bown, j, w. nd Thonton, J. w. (1963). Nw mdi in ^iso^lffilfilfon, W S h i n^ n 7^' BUk iuliti 82 li (^d _^=hnology nd dution. EDUCOH Cbl 2200 gon * (1975 ' Dmb) - Liby Jounl,100, Cngi Commission on High Edution. (1972). Th fouth volution; Intntionl thnoloy in hlhj* dution. Nw Yok: M Gw^nOo^" o^ ^ Evns R & Lppmn P. (1968). Rsistn to innovtion in high dution. Sn Fniso: Jossy-Bss In. Godfy^ EP ^(1967) Th stt of udiovisul thnology: ± , Th Buu of Soil Rsh, Dptmnt of udiovisul Instution, Wshington D.C.: Ntionl ni Edution Assoition. Attituds towd hndippd studis: Pofssionl, p nd pnt ltions. Nw.Tp«v. Lwn Elbum Assoits, Publishs. Hovind, C. I., Jnis, I. L., & Klly, H. H. (1953) Communition nd psusion. Nw Hvn, CT: Yl Univsity Pss. In ghm L. W. (1980). Is th vido in you futu? Soil Edution, 44 (7), Kt2 ' ;.^60) - Th funtionl ppoh to th study of ttituds. Publi Opinion Qutly, XXIV,

32 25 Klly, G. B. (I960). A study of ths' ttii-nf«+ udiovisul mtils. Edu??^ Sn nd Audiovisul Guid, 39 (385), " j Kndl, H. H. (1968). Bsi psyholov. n v^v. A PPlton-Cntuy-CoftsT ^ Knowlton J & Hws, E. (1962). Attitud: Hlpful pdito of udiovisul usg, Audiovisul Communition Rviw, X, M C K S^ ; N ". Eut ' M-. «J ns, H. C. (1970). Thin iifosfflig : hi^h int S duc 5- " 52 s? mthods i ^ dution. Pis: UNESCO nd th intntionl Assoition of Univsitis. MCGUl h L V" ntu f ttitud nd ttitud l ^ kmdzy & E. Aonson (Eds.), Th hndbook of soil psyholov fnn 5T~"j MA: Addis^-Wsly. PP 5 ' 26) ' Rdi ng, Moldstdj. (1974). Sltiv vi«of sh ditos. " A y 9 C o ^ u n i f I 22 P (4h%S7-407 dl * MUndt Colig Mngmnt. * p *f^nsws to ugnt qustions. Ptuso, S. (1981). A ommitmnt to omput dutionintoduing o m puts in distit 8...ns Rmms, H. H. (1954). Intodution to opinion ttitud msumnt. Nw Yok: Hp nd Boths~ Sh8i f;,.?; S " S 5 if M " s Nbgll R. E. (1965) Sunds g Ugf*"" Phildlphi: W. 8.

33 26 Jounl of 'soiology. b hn<? d ' Amin TlCkt R n 'Bowk Compny. ~ ^B ov lninq. Nw Yok: R. T b i L ftos'iii th^f ^ t i S f ^ **? f u t ^ n nd o t h mdi ' ^ o^unltio^?l Yok: Wily/ 1971^' Attitud nd ttitud hng. Nw

34 CHAPTER 3 METHOD AND PROCEDURES This hpt dsibs th mthod nd podus usd in this study. Th sh mthod is th dsiptiv ppoh nd uss qustionni to obtin th infomtion. Popultion Th popultion of this study is ll full-tim fultis mployd in Rmkhmhng Univsity nd Sukhothi Thmmthit Opn Univsity in in Thilnd. This popultion totld ppoximtly 770 fulty mmbs; 700 fulty mmbs in Rmkhmhng Univsity nd 70 fulty mmbs in Sukhothi Thmmthit Opn Univsity. Sltion of th Smpl In od to nsu n dqutly unbisd smpl, 300 fulty mmbs w ndomly sltd fom th totl popultion of 770 fulty mmbs. Th ndom smpling ws dividd popotiontly. 272 fulty mmbs in Rmkhmhng Univsity nd 28 fulty mmbs in Sukhothi Thmmthit Opn Univsity. 27

35 28 Instumnt Th instumnt of this study is qustionni dvlopd by th invstigto. Som qustions w modifid fom instumnts usd by Ajibo (1985). Th qustionni hs th mjo stions: psonl infomtion, ttitud suvy, nd vlution of mdi quipmnt usg. Th summtd sl o Likt-typ sl ws usd to msu n ppobtiv ttitud (Slltiz, 1967). Th summtd sl onsists of sis of sttmnts, h of whih is ith dfinitly fvobl o dfinitly unfvobl to th objt of th ttitud und invstigtion. Th subjts w skd to spond to h of th sttmnts in tms of gmnt o disgmnt with th sttmnt. Customily, fiv tgois of gmnt-disgmnt listd: (1) stongly g; (2) g; (3) undidd; (4) disg; nd (5) stongly disg. Fo h sttmnt, th subjt ws skd to hk th on tgoy tht most nly psnts his fling bout th sttmnt. Fo soing puposs, fiv gmnt-disgmnt tgois w ssignd intgl wights. Th mthod usd is dsibd by Edwds (1957): Fo fvobl sttmnts, th stongly g spons will b givn wight of 5, th g spons wight of 4, th undidd spons wight of 3,

36 29 th disg spons wight of 2, nd th stongly disg spons wight of 1. Fo unfvobl sttmnts, th soing systm is vsd, with h stongly disg spons bing givn th 5 wight nd th stongly g spons th 1 wight, (p. 151) Th podu utilizd to onstut th summtd sl is dsibd by Slltiz (1967) in th following mnn: (1) Th invstigto ssmbls lg numb of itms onsidd lvnt to th ttitud bing invstigtd nd ith lly fvobl o lly unfvobl. (2) Ths itms dministd to goup of subjts psnttiv of thos with whom th qustionni is to b usd... ( 3 ) Th spons to th vious itms sod in suh wy tht spons inditiv of th most fvobl ttitud IS givn th highst so... (4) Eh individul's totl so is omputd by dding his itm sos. (5) Th sponss nlyzd to dtmin whih of th itms disimint most lly btwn th high sos nd th low sos of on th totl sl... Itms tht do not show substntil oltion with th totl so, o tht do not liit diffnt sponss fom thos who so high nd thos who so low on th totl tst, limintd to nsu tht th qustionni is -intnlly onsistnt"

37 30 -tht is, tht vy itm is ltd to th sm gnl ttitud, (pp ) Th Likt-typ sl usd in this study ws onstutd oding to th following dsigntd ditions. Fist, list of 45 sttmnts ws ppd, h of whih ws lssifid s fvobl o unfvobl. Sond, th 45 sttmnts w snt to fiv xpts in od to dtmin th ontnt vlidity of th tst s ltd to mdi thnologis. Thid, this list of 45 sttmnts ws dministd to 50 fulty mmbs. Fouth, th sponss to this list w nlyzd nd dud to totl of twnty-fiv sttmnts with th lgst t vlus, s dsibd by Edwds (1957): As bsis fo jting sttmnts in th mthod of summtd-tings, us is md of som fom of itm nlysis. W onsid th fquny distibution of so bsd upon th sponss to ll sttmnts. W my thn tk th 25 (o som oth) pnt of th subjts with th highst totl sos nd lso th 25 pnt of th subjts with th lowst totl sos. W ssum tht ths two goups povid ition goups in tms of whih to vlut th individul sttmnts. in vluting th sponss of th high nd low goups to th individul sttmnts, w might find th tio, (pp )

38 3 1 t = - *H - wh XQ = th mn so on givn sttmnt fo th high goup = th mn so on th sm sttmnt fo th low goup S H - th vin of th distibution of sponss of th high goup to th sttmnt 2 S, = th vin of th distibution of sponss of th low goup to th sttmnt *3 - th numb of subjts in th high goup = th numb of subjts in th low goup Fifth, th lph offiint ws stimtd fo th libility of th tst, using SPSS-X (SPSS. In ). liblity offiint, ppoximtly, 0.30 o high ws quid fo this tst, sixth, th 25 sttmnts w usd to msu th ttituds of fulty mmbs in th study, svnth, ll 25 sttmnts w submittd to fto nlysis in od to invstigt th undlying pptul stutu of th qustionni.

39 32 Dt Colltion In od to obtin pmission to ondut this study, ltt ws wittn to h to of h Opn Univsity in Thilnd (Appndis A nd B). whn pmission ws gntd, th qustionni (Appndix E) ws distibutd to fulty mmbs of h Opn Univsity in Thilnd. Eh spondnt ivd ov ltt (Appndix D) of xplntion nd opy of th qustionni. Th ltt mphsizd tht ll dt olltd would b hld nd ttd in stitst onfidn, nd tht no ptiipting individuls would b known to nyon but th invstigto. Within two wks, th qustionnis fom th spondnts w olltd. On wk lt, sond opy of th qustionni ws snt to non-spondnts. Two hundd nintn (80.51%) qustionnis w tund fom Rmkhmhng Univsity, nd 25 (89.28%) qustionnis w tund fom Sukhothi Thmmthit Opn Univsity. Th totl sponss w 244 (81.33%) of th fulty mmbs in th ndom smpl. Anlysis of Dt This study is onnd with th ompison of fulty ttituds oding to sx, g, dution, thing xpin, nd unt position. Th t tst ws usd to tst th signifint diffns btwn ml nd fml,

40 33 nd dministtos nd fulty mmbs. Th on-wy nlysis of vin ws usd to tst th signifint diffns mong g, dution, nd thing xpin (Fguson, 1981).

41 CHAPTER BIBLIOGRAPHY oun -^ f Edutionl Thnology is^.»mpii«!gsisi 3llt (19«?i - J^od ' Dutsh, M., nd Cook, s. w. Nw SPSS MGw-Hill *BooE^lompnyT^ ~ " " NW Yok! 34

42 CHAPTER 4 ANALYSIS OF THE DATA This study is onnd with th invstigtion of ttituds of fulty mmbs towd mdi thnologis in Opn Univsitis in Thilnd, in tms of g, dution, nd thing xpin, nd th ompison of fulty ttituds in tms of sx nd unt position. Th qustionni whih hs 25 sttmnts (Appndix E) nd libility offiint of 0.91, ws usd to gth th dt. Th opis of this qustionni w snt to 272 fulty mmbs in Rmkhmhng Univsity (Ru) nd 28 fulty mmbs in Sukhothi Thmmthit Opn Univsity (STOU). Two hundd nintn (80.51%) qustionnis w tund fom RU, nd 25 (89.28%) qustionnis w tund fom STOU. Th totl spons of 244 (81.33%) of th smpling fulty mmbs is shown in Tbl 1. All obtind dt w thn submittd fo omput nlysis t th Noth Txs Stt Univsity Comput Cnt. Th Sttistil Pkg fo th Soil Sins (SPSS) pogm ws usd to nlyz th dt. 35

43 36 Tbl 1 Th Pntg of Rspondnts fom RU nd STOU P n Totl Univsity Smpling Numb of Rspondnts Pntg of Rspondnts RU STOU Totl Fto Anlysis of Fulty Attituds Towd Mdi Thnologis Fto nlysis ws pfomd to du th numb of th twnty-fiv vibls of fulty ttituds towd mdi thnologis to mo psimonious numb. A oltion mtix of th twnty-fiv vibls of fulty ttituds towd mdi thnologis ws ppd fo th fist nlysis (Appndix C ). Communlity stimts, ignvlus, umultiv nd indpndnt pntgs of vin ountd fo, nd fto loding mtis w thn omputd fo th twnty-fiv vibls. Eignvlus show th ontibution of h fto to th totl ommunlity fo itms loding on tht fto, nd w usd s ition to dtmin th numb of ftos s shown in Tbl 2.

44 37 Tbl 2 Mtix Communlit Thnologis Vibl Conununlity Fto Eignvlu Pt of V um Itm * 1 Itm * 2 Itm * 3 Itm * 4 Itm * 5 Itm * Itm * Itm * Itm * Itm * Itm * Itm * Itm * Itm * Itm * Itm * Itm * Itm * Itm * Itm * Itm * Itm * Itm * Itm * Itm * Th dt in Tbl 2 indit tht Fto 1 ounts fo 31.7%, Fto 2 ounts fo 12.6%, Fto 3 ounts fo 4.7%, Fto 4 ounts fo 4.6%, nd Fto 5 ounts fo 4.3% of th totl vin. Th ignvlus of fiv ftos : Fto 1 = , Fto 2 = , Fto 3 = , Fto 4 = , Fto 5 =

45 38 At fist, th numb of ftos xttd bgn with th numb of ignvlus with vlus gt thn unity. Vimx ottion ws mployd fo th fiv-ftos. Sussiv xttions nd ottions indit tht th bst solution ws fiv-fto modl s shown in Tbl 3. Tbl 3 Vimx Rottd Fto Mtix of Fulty Attituds Towd Mdi Thnologis Vibl Fto 1 Fto 2 Fto 3 Fto 4 Fto 5 Itm Itm Itm * Itm Itm * Itm * Itm Itm Itm * Itm Itm Itm Itm * Itm * Itm * Itm * Itm * Itm * Itm * Itm Itm * Itm * Itm * Itm * Itm * * * * * * * *

46 39 Th dt in Tbl 3 indit tht fiv ftos, with most itms lodings with.60 pimy, with no sondy lodings xding.40, w tind s suggstd by Fguson (1981). A fiv ftos solution mgd xplining 57.8% of th ommon vin. Fto on ws dfind by ngtiv vlution, of fulty gding mdi thnologis. It inludd itms suh s high xpns, mbiguity, unlisti, unssistd lning xpins, usful fo only lg goups, usful fo only stitd ontxts, usful fo only liv vnts, usful fo only viw nd summiztion, nd ting nxity. Fto two psnts th-ointd dutionl nhnmnt, dfind by pying mo ttntion, ting mo listi sitution, pomoting positiv intst nd lning, nhning thing, hlping in most subjts, offing th bst ppoh to thing, nd insing th motivtion nd fftivnss. Fto th flts studnt-ointd dutionl nhnmnt, dfind by ssisting studnts to lot infomtion, mking studnts' lning onvnint, insing studnts' motivtion, nd poviding mo fftiv study thniqu. Fto fou pps to b ltd to ost-ffiiny, dfind by impoving ontnt undstnding, osting too muh ltiv to lning bnfit, nd impoving dution.

47 40 Fto fiv indits onvnin, dfind by bing unsuitbl fo instutionl puposs, nd bing xssivly tim-onsuming. Rsh Qustion On Rsh qustion on is onnd with th ttituds of fulty mmbs towd mdi thnologis. Th mn nd stndd dvition shown in th sults psntd in Tbl 4. As my b sn in Tbl 4, th mn of ttituds towd mdi thnologis of fulty mmbs of Rmkhmhng Univsity ( R u, is with stndd dvition of Th mn of Sukhothi Thmmthit Opn Univsity is with stndd dvition of Th gnd mn is nd th stndd dvition is Tbl 4 Th Mn nd Stndd Dvition of Fulty Attitud Towd Mdi Thnologis in RU nd STOU Opn Univsity N Mn SD RU STOU Totl

48 41 Rsh Qustion Two Rsh qustion two is onnd with th similitis whih ppd in th ttituds of th fulty mmbs towd mdi thnologis utili.tion whn vlutd by sx, g, dution, thing xpin, nd unt position. Th t tst ws usd to tst fo signifint diffns btwn ml nd fml. Rsults of th t-tst psntd in Tbl 5. nd signifint diffns btwn dministto nd fulty psntd in Tbl 6. Th sults of nlysis of vin tsting fo signifint diffns mong lvls of g, dution, nd thing xpin psntd in Tbls 7, Tbl 8, nd Tbl 9, sptivly. As my b sn in Tbl 5, th dt indits tht th omputd t vlu fo th ttituds towd mdi thnologis of ml nd fml fulty mmbs is not signifint t th 0.05 lvl. Tbl 5 Tst fo Signifint Pyns btw»»n Ml nd Fml Fulty Towd Mdi Sx Mn t-vlu

49 42 As my b sn in Tbl 6, th dt indit tht th omputd t vlu fo th ttituds towd mdi thnologis of fulty mmbs of dministto nd fulty is not signifint t th 0.05 lvl. Tbl 6 Tst fo Signifint Diff.v. n, bt, Qf Administto nd Fulty Towd n^j ThnM^i.. Position Mn t-vlu Administto Totl As my b sn in Tbl 7, th dt indit tht th omputd t vlu fo th ttituds towd mdi thnologis of fulty mmbs in diffnt lvls of g is not signifint t th 0.05 lvl.-

50 43 Tbl 7 Tst fo Signifint Diffns mong AttitnH.«Fulty Mmbs in Diffnt Lvls of Ag Mdi Thnologis Sous Sum of Squs df Mn Squs F-vlu Btwn Goups Within Goups Totl As my b sn in Tbl 8, th dt indit tht th omputd F vlu fo ttituds towd mdi thnologis of fulty mmbs in diffnt lvls of dution is not signifint t th 0.05 lvl.

51 Tbl 8 44 lst fo Signifint Diff.-ns mon ttitud Fulty Mmbs in Biff Lvls f Towd Mdi Thnoloj Sum of Squs Mn Squs F-vlu Btwn Goups Within Goups Totl As my b sn in'tbl 9, th dt indit tht th omputd F vlu fo ttituds towd mdi thnologis of fulty mmbs bsd on ys of thing xpin is not signifint t th 0.05 lvl. Tbl 9 T_u.o Signifint Diffns mong Athih^o of Fulty Mmbs Bsd on Ys of Thin Expin Towd Mdi Thno1o^-i Sum of Squs Mn Squs F-vlu Btwn Goups Within Goups

52 45 Rsh Qustion Th Rsh qustion th is onnd with th pmis tht fulty mmbs bliv th Opn Univsitis llot suffiint funds fo mdi quipmnt. Th dt in Tbl 10 indit th pntgs of fulty mmbs who ivd suffiint funds to xpdit th us of mdi thnologis fo thing duing As my b sn in Tbl 10, th dt indit tht th pntg of fulty mmbs who iv funds fom th Opn Univsitis is 46.30% whil 53.70% did not iv funds. Tbl 10 Th Pntg of Fulty Mmbs wh n Rivd s,,ff Funds fom th Opn Univsitis fo Using Mdi Funds Avilbl Ys No Numb of Fulty Pntgs of Fulty Totl 220

53 46 Rsh Qustions Fou nd Fiv Rsh qustions fou nd fiv onnd with th fulty mmbs' blif tht th Opn Univsity povids th pofssionl mdi tining nd dqut ssistn to th instutos in th us of mdi pption nd instution. Th dt in Tbl 11 indit th pntg of fulty mmbs who ivd th pofssionl mdi tining, nd ssistn in pping mdi thnologis. As my b sn in Tbl 11. th dt indit tht th pntg of fulty mmbs who ivd pofssionl tining nd ssistn in pping mdi thnologis is 60.70% whil 39.30% did not iv pofssionl tining nd ssistn in pping mdi thnologis. Tbl 11 Th Pntg of Fulty Mmbs Who Pofssionl Mdi Tining nd Assistnt in Pping Mdi Thnologis Mdi Tining nd Assistn Avilbl Ys No Numb of Rspondnts Pntg of Rspondnts Totl 244

54 47 Rsh Qustion Six Rsh qustion six is onnd with th Opn Univsitis povision of mdi in od with fulty mmbs' pfns. Th mn nd stndd dvition of th pfd t of fulty mmbs usd to indit pfns in Tbl 12. As my b sn in Tbl 12, fulty mmbs of Opn Univsitis onsid th us of th following mdi. 1. Closd iuit tlvision, s th mdi of th highst pfn to nhn studnts' lning, hs mn of 4.03 nd stndd dvition of Th lowst pfn with mn of 2.56 nd stndd dvition of 1.11 is inditd fo th us of ompt (udio) dis. 2. Tlvision, s th mdi of th highst pfn to mk th ontnt of th ous mo l fo studnts, hs mn of 4.12 nd stndd dvition of Th lowst pfn with mn of 2.39 nd stndd dvition of 1.08 is inditd fo th us of ompt (udio) dis. 3. Tlvision, s th mdi of th highst pfn to hlp studnts study indpndntly, hs mn of 4.09 nd stndd dvition of Th lowst pfn with mn of 2.53 nd stndd dvition of 1.21 is inditd fo th us of ls dis plys.

55 48 4. Closd iuit tlvision, s th mdi of th highst pfn to nhn thing qulity, hs mn of 3.81 nd stndd dvition of Th lowst pfn with mn of 2.62 nd stndd dvition of 1.16 is inditd fo th us of ompt (udio) dis. 5. Tlvision, s th mdi of th highst pfn to ins studnts' motivtion, hs mn of 3.83 nd stndd dvition of Th lowst pfn with th mn of 2.59 nd stndd dvition of 1.27 is inditd fo th us of ompt (udio) dis. 6. Tlvision, s th mdi of th highst pfn s bing ost-bnfiil, hs mn of 3.99 nd stndd dvition of Th lowst pfn with mn of 2.91 nd stndd dvition of 1.25 is inditd fo th us of ls dis plys. 7. Closd iuit tlvision, s th mdi of th highst pfn s bing usful in vitully ll instutionl ontnts, hs mn of 3.65 nd stndd dvition of Th lowst pfn with mn of 2.70 nd stndd dvition of 1.09 is inditd fo th us of ompt (udio) dis. 8. ovhd pojto, s th mdi of th highst pfn s bing vy sy to mng in th thing poss, hs mn of 3.44 nd stndd dvition of Th lowst pfn with mn of 2.34 nd stndd dvition of 1.14 is inditd fo th us of inttiv vido systms.

56 49 9. Ls dis ply, s th mdi too omplx fo ffiint lssoom us, hs th highst mn of 3.47 nd stndd dvition of Th lowst mn of 2.39 nd stndd dvition of 1.23 is inditd fo th us of udio tp ods. 10. Tlvision (bodst) nd losd iuit tlvision, s th mdi of th highst pfn s bing vy hlpful to instutos in impoving instutions, hv mn of 3.58 nd stndd dvition of Th lowst pfn with mn of 2.72 nd stndd dvition of 1.17 is inditd fo th us of ls dis plys. 11. Inttiv vido systm, s th mdi ouss nxity o nvousnss whn usd o whn onsiding us, hs th mn of 2.90 nd stndd dvition of Th lowst mn of 2.35 nd stndd dvition of 1.27 is inditd fo th us of bulltin bods. 12. Rdio, s th mdi of th highst pfn, with mny oppotunitis fo us in th pst, hs mn of 3.09 nd stndd dvition of Th lowst pfn with mn of 1.85 nd stndd dvition of 1.17 is inditd fo th us of ls dis plys. 13. Audio tp od, s th mdi of th highst pfn, in whih pvious tining hs bn givn, hs mn of 2.74 nd stndd dvition of Th lowst pfn with mn of 1.80 nd stndd dvition of 1.12 is inditd fo th us of ls dis plys.

57 Closd iuit tlvision, s th mdi of th highst pfn, fo instution, hs mn of 3.08 nd stndd dvition of Th lowst pfn with mn of 2.41 nd stndd dvition of 1.35 is inditd fo th us of ls dis plys. 15. Closd iuit tlvision, s th mdi of th highst pfn, vilbl to th instutos in th Opn Univsitis, hs mn of 4.08 nd stndd dvition of Th lowst pfn with mn of 2.09 nd stndd dvition of 1.26 is inditd fo th us of inttiv vido systms.

58 51 Tbl 12 Th Mn nd Stndd Dvition of th Pfd Rt* of Fulty Mmbs in Evlution of Mdi Equipmnt \ M R A TV C V S M F O O B C C L I \ u 1 i 1 0 i V P u 0 0 n \ d d B 0 d i V 1 1 m m s t n i i \ Mdi s d i m q 1 P P \ Equipmnt s h u u & d t t t \ T d T P P i t D \ S C i d P n i t \ t P i P 0 0 P A s i \ d. s j j P 0 B u V \ t P j 0 d \ D R u R 0 i P \ i t t 0 j 0 1 V V t 0 0 j t d i i D y d T t i t d V d t 0 s 0 i 0 0 S n y Using \ Mdi \ Equipmnt^ 1. This fom of mdi nhns studnt lning. X SD s L 2. This fom of mdi mks th ontnt of th ous mo l fo studnts. X SD This fom of X mdi hlps studnts study SD indpndntly

59 Tbl 12 (Continud) 52 Mdi Equipmnt Using Mdi Equipmnt? A u d i o T P R o d TV B o d s t C 1 0 s d C 1 u i t T V V i d o T P R o d M 0 v 1 P o j t o F i 1 m s t i P o j t o O v h P o j t o O P q u P o j t o B u 1 1 t i n B o d C o m P u t C 0 m P t A u d 1 0 D 1 s L s D i s P 1 y I n t t i v V i d o S y 4. This fom of mdi nhns thing qulity. 5. This fom of mdi inss studnts' motivtion. 6. This fom of mdi is ostbnfiil. X SD X SD X SD

60 Tbl 12 (Continud) 53 Mdi Equipmnt Using Mdi Equipmnt M R d i o A u d i o T P R o d TV B o d s t C 1 0 s d C 1 u i t T V V i d o T P R o d S 1 i d P o j t o M 0 v 1 P o j t o F i 1 m s t i P o j t o O v h P o j t o O P q u P o j t o B u 1 1 t i n B o d C o m P u t C 0 m P t A u d 1 0 D 1 s L s D i s P 1 y I n t t i v V i d o S y s L 7. This fom of mdi is usful in vitully ll instutionl ontnts. 8. This fom of mdi is vy sy to mng in th thing poss. 9. This fom of mdi is too omplx fo ffiint lssoom us. X SD X SD X SD

61 54 Tbl 12 (Continud) \ M R A TV C V S M F O O B C C L I \ u 1 i 1 0 i V P u 0 0 n \ d d B 0 d i V 1 1 m m s t n i i s d i \ Mdi m q 1 P P \ Equipmnt s h u u & d t t t \ T d T P P i t D \ S C i d P n i t \ t P i P 0 0 P A s i \ d. s j j P 0 B u V \ t P j 0 d \ D R u R 0 i P \ i t t 0 j 0 1 V V t 0 0 j t d i Using \ i D y J d Mdi \ T t i Q Equipmnt^ t d V d t 0 s 0 i 0 0 S n y 10. This fom of mdi is vy X hlpful to instutos SD in impoving instutions. 11. This fom of mdi mks nxious o nvous whn I us o onsid using it X SD I hv X hd mny oppotunitis SD to us this fom of mdi in th pst. s t.

62 55 Tbl 12 (Continud) Mdi Using Mdi Equipmnt 13. I hv hd tining in this fom of mdi. M R A TV C V S M F O O B C C L I u 1 i 1 0 i V P u 0 0 n d d B 0 d i V 1 1 m m s t n i i s d i m q 1 P P s h u u & d t t t T d T P P i t D S C i d P n i t t P i P 0 0 P A s i 4 s j j P 0 B u V t P j 0 d D R u R 0 i P i t t 0 j 0 1 V V t 0 0 j t d i i D y d T t i t d V d t 0 s 0 i 0 0 s n y f s X SD I pf this fom of mdi fo instution. X SD This fom of mdi is vilbl to instutos in my univsity. X SD