Annual Report Prepared for the California Cling Peach Advisory Board

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1 Annul Rport Prprd for th Cliforni Cling Ph Advisory Bord Titl: Mngmnt of rown rot, powdry mildw, nd ph lf url disss of ph in Cliforni Sttus: First-Yr of Four Prinipl Invstigtor: J. E. Adskvg Dprtmnt of Plnt Pthology, Univrsity of Cliforni, Rivrsid Cooprting: D. Thompson, H. Förstr, D. Flts, nd D. Cry (UCR), T. Grdzil (UCD), nd J. Hsy (UCCE-Suttr-Yu Co.) SUMMARY OF RESEARCH ACCOMPLISHMENTS DURING 2011 W ontinud our rsrh on mjor prhrvst (folir) nd posthrvst disss of ling ph in Cliforni. W fousd on lf url, rown rot lossom light nd fruit rot, nd powdry mildw mngmnt with nw fungiids. 1) For ph lf url, two pplitions of Zirm, Syllit, or of oppr mtrils (Koid 3000, Bdg X2, Bdg SC) wr highly fftiv whn timd proprly ording to umultd wintr pripittion. Ovr th pst yrs, Zirm (vn whn usd t th lowr, non-rgistrd 4-l rt) nd Syllit prformd onsistntly wll nd rprsnt ltrntivs to oppr fungiids. Coppr ompounds r st usd whn wintr pripittion is modrt to low. Thirm t us rt of 3.5 l/a ws lso fftiv nd is urrntly rgistrd for mnging ph lf url. 2) For rown rot lossom light mngmnt, trils wr don on ph ultivrs t KAC nd UC Dvis. With high rinfll in th spring, diss inidn ws modrt to high in th untrtd ontrol trs, ut ws signifintly rdud y singl pplition of ll fungiid trtmnts. Svrl nw fungiids wr vill for vlution (S-2200, IKF lss not rvld to dt for oth; th group 7 SDHI Fontlis (pnthiopyrd), th group 11 YT669 pioxystroin), nd ths wr fftiv in rduing th diss. Nw fungiid pr-mixturs r ontinud to introdud for ston fruit rops tht wr ll highly fftiv. Ths inlud: Lun Snstion (groups 7 fluopyrm +11 trifloxystroin), Mrivon (groups 7 fluxpyroxd + 11 pyrlostroin), nd Q8Y78 (groups 7 pnthiopyrd + 11 pioxystroin). Th prviously vlutd prmixturs Inspir Supr (difnoonzol+yprodonil), Inspir XT (difnoonzol + propionzol), Quilt Xl (zoxystroin + propionzol), Qudris Top (zoxystroin + difnoonzol), nd Admnt (tuonzol + trifloxystroin) ontinud to prform vry wll. Blossoms of Fy Elrt ph wr usd in lortory tsts nd dmonstrtd xllnt pr- nd post-inftion tivity of ll fungiids inludd. Th iologils Atinovt nd BotryZn showd no or only limitd tivity in ths fild nd lortory studis. 3) In timing studis for lossom light ontrol, two pplitions of Qush, Vngrd, Tilt, or Admnt wr gnrlly mor fftiv thn singl pplition t rly loom or full loom. Still, onsidring th highly fvorl diss onditions in th spring of 2011, th singl pplitions wr lso vry fftiv. 4) Prhrvst fungiid pplitions wr vlutd for th mngmnt of posthrvst rown rot dy in thr orhrds. In 7-dy PHI pplitions, mong singl tiv ingrdint produts, th nw Fontlis, IKF- 5411, YT669 wr similrly fftiv s Qush or Tilt. For th pr-mixturs, rsults wr vril mong th ultivrs, ut ovrll, trtmnts with Admnt, Lun Snstion, Inspir XT, or Mrivon rsultd in th lowst inidn of dy. On lt-mturing ph ultivr, whr highr inidn of diss ours, two pr-hrvst pplitions (13+7 dys PHI) wr mor fftiv thn singl pplition (7 dys PHI). An orgni formultion of polyoxin-d (Ph-D) tht ws vlutd on two ultivrs ws not fftiv on phs in 2011, ut ws fftiv on ntrin ultivr. 5) Evlution of rown rot lossom light susptiility mong ph gnotyps in th UC Dvis rding progrm ontinud with 28 nw nd prviously vlutd gnotyps. Th Bolinh ssion hd th lowst

2 mount of stmn inftions. Diss inidn of svrl gnotyps ws sttistilly similr to th on of Bolinh. Som of th lss susptil gnotyps wr lso rtd lss susptil in prvious yrs vlutions. Svrl mthods wr tstd to inoult fruit in th fild without wounding for th vlution for fruit susptiility to rown rot. Non of th mthods rsultd in high inidn of dy. 6) In powdry mildw mngmnt in fild tril with low diss prssur, Fontlis, S-2200, Xmium, Admnt, Lun Snstion, Inspir XT, Inspir Supr, Qudris Top, Pristin, Mrivon, Q8478, tnk mixtur of Xmium (SDHI) nd Vivndo, s wll s rottions of Mrivon nd Vivndo (mtrfnon) or Indr nd Quint wr ll highly fftiv. Vivndo ws ptd into th IR-4 progrm in Som of ths mtrils r highly spifi ginst powdry mildws (Quint nd Vivndo), othrs r lso usd xtnsivly in lossom nd fruit rown rot progrms. Thus, powdry mildw-spifi ompounds should usd t timings in rottions whn rown rot is not trgt for mngmnt (.g., rly fruit dvlopmnt). Th iologil ontrol Atinovt only numrilly rdud th inidn of powdry from tht of th ontrol. INTRODUCTION In n intgrtd pproh for th mngmnt of fungl disss of ph, fungiid us is urrntly th most fftiv ontrol omponnt. W r dvloping nw produts with nw mods of tion nd nw pr-mixturs s wll s pplition strtgis (.g., timing, rottion progrms) for th ontrol of rown rot lossom light nd fruit dy, powdry mildw, nd ph lf url. This will nsur tht highly fftiv nd sf mtrils will lwys vill to th ph industry nd tht mixtur nd rottion progrms n dsignd to hlp prvnt th sltion of rsistnt popultions to ny givn lss of fungiid. Brown rot usd y M. frutiol nd M. lx is th most importnt diss of ston fruit in Cliforni. In th spring, primry inoulum onsisting of sospors nd onidi from mummifid fruit infts lossoms nd dissd lossoms supply sondry inoulum for fruit inftions in th urrnt growing sson. Thus, rmovl of mummis from trs is strtgy to snitiz th orhrd nd minimiz primry inoulum in th spring. To prvnt nw inftions, fungiids r most fftivly usd. W hv shown tht mny of th nwr fungiids hv pr-inftion (prottiv - fftiv whn pplid for inftion) nd post-inftion (supprssiv - fftiv whn pplid up to 24 h ftr inftion) tivity. Thus, singl, proprly timd fungiid pplition n rdu lossom light to zro or nr zro lvls. In 2011, w ontinud our lossom nd prhrvst ffiy studis with rgistrd nd nw fungiid trtmnts. Singl-tiv ingrdint fungiids vlutd inludd mtrils in th following lsss: DMIs (Tilt propionzol, Elit - tuonzol, Qush - mtonzol), nilinopyrimidins (Vngrd - yprodinil, Sl - pyrimthnil), nd xprimntl fungiids suh s th group 7 suint dhydrogns inhiitors or SDHIs Fontlis (pnthiopyrd), th group 11 YT669 pioxystroin), nd th group 19 polyoxin-d. Fungiid prmixturs inludd th prviously vlutd Pristin (pyrlostroin + oslid), Inspir Supr (difnoonzol+yprodonil), Inspir XT (difnoonzol + propionzol), Qudris Top (zoxystroin + difnoonzol), nd Admnt (tuonzol + trifloxystroin), s wll s th nw produts Lun Snstion (groups 7 fluopyrm +11 trifloxystroin), Mrivon (groups 7 fluxpyroxd + 11 pyrlostroin), nd Q8Y78 (group 7 pnthiopyrd + group 11 pioxystroin). Tilt, Elit, Indr, Vngrd, Sl, Admnt, Pristin, nd Quilt Xl (zoxystroin + propionzol) r urrntly vill in Cliforni. Fontlis, Lun Snstion, s wll s Mrivon r xptd in th spring of Th nwr fungiids wr rgistrd sd on rsrh in our lortory. In long-trm strtgy for th mngmnt of rown rot lossom light, w r ssssing th nturl host rsistn ginst in F1 progny from rosss twn lss susptil sltions (.g., Bolinh nd othr gnotyps) nd Cliforni vritis. Ovr th yrs, w vlutd mny promising nw gnti lins of ling ph dvlopd y Dr. Tom Grdzil. Mny of ths lins hv n tstd for thir rsistn to rown rot of hrvstd fruit y othrs. W inititd tsts to potntilly find lss lor-intns produr for fruit vlution tht is don dirtly in th fild. This is diffiult tsk us fruit susptiility is lso dtrmind y mturity nd thrfor, omprisons mong gnotyps must stndrdizd. Additionlly, fruit r mturing in th fild during th hottst prt of th growing sson nd whn fungl inftions r lss likly to om stlishd du to snsitivity of spor inoulum to high tmprturs nd dsition. Still, fild mthod is ndd to

3 vlut F2 sltions of ph whr grtr numr of fruit is vill to rpl th prvious mthod of hrvsting nd inoulting stord fruit. Th ritil tim for inoultions is 3-4 wks for hrvst with vlution t 1 wk for hrvst us hrvstd fruit r ssntilly prossd immditly (1-2 dys). W lso ontinud our vlutions of fungiid trtmnts for powdry mildw ontrol. Ovr th yrs this hs n diffiult du to th spordi ourrn of th diss with gnrlly low inidn lvls. Still, svrl highly fftiv produts hv n idntifid tht hopfully n tstd undr highr diss prssur in Biologil trtmnts tht w vlutd ovr th yrs hv n ithr not fftiv or inonsistnt in thir ffiy. Gols of fild trils on ph lf url mngmnt inludd th idntifition of highly fftiv non-oppr sd mtrils nd th timing of pplitions. Ojtivs I. Mngmnt of rown rot. A) Effiy nd timing of rprsnttiv ompounds from h of four lsss of fungiids: Qols, APs, DMI fungiids (inluding Qush, Inspir), nd SDHIs (fluopyrm, fluxpyroxd, pnthiopyrd), s wll s sltd pr-mixturs (Pristin, Admnt, Lun Snstion, Lun Exprin, BAS703, Inspir XT, Quilt Xl, Qudris Top). Pr- nd post-inftion ffiy will studid for oth lossoms nd fruit. B) Prsistn of nilinopyrimidin rsidus undr high humidity nd tmprtur. C) Bslin snsitivitis of rown rot fungi to nw lsss of fungiids. D) Nturl host rsistn of ph to lossom light nd fruit dy Flowr ssys will don using our stndrd lortory produr with dthd pink ud lossoms Fild ssys for vluting fruit susptiility will dvlopd II. Mngmnt of ph lf url A) Evlut th timing of Zirm (lowr rts), Thirm, Syllit, nd nw oppr formultions. III. Etiology nd mngmnt of powdry mildw on ling ph nd othr ston fruits. A) Colltion of powdry mildw isolts from ph in Cliforni nd idntifition of th usl pthogn(s). B) Effiy of nw powdry mildw fungiids (.g., quinoxyfn, mtrfnon, mtonzol, fluopyrm, fluxpyroxd, pnthiopyrd, nd pr-mixturs), urrntly rgistrd produts, nd thir us in ntirsistn rottion nd mixtur progrms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Evlution of fungiids for mngmnt of ph lf url. In tril on th mngmnt of ph lf url usd y Tphrin dformns on Fy Elrt ph t UC Dvis, sltd rts of Zirm, oppr mtrils (i.., Koid 3000, Bdg X2, Bdg SC), Syllit, or Thirm wr pplid in omintion with 4% Omni oil on D. 10, 2010 nd Jn. 19, In ddition, Zirm-Syllit rottion progrm ws don. Rts r inditd in Fig. 1 nd pplitions wr don using n ir-lst spryr t 100 gl/a. Trs wr vlutd for diss on April 12, For this, th numr of inftd lvs for totl of 100 lvs for h singl-tr rplition ws dtrmind. Evlution of fungiids for mngmnt of rown rot lossom light nd prhrvst fruit dy. Trils wr stlishd in two orhrds t th Krny Agriulturl Cntr (KAC) in Prlir, CA, on thr ph ultivrs (i.., Elgnt Ldy, Ryn Sun, nd July Flm) to vlut fungiids for ontrol of rown rot lossom light. Fungiids tht wr pplid to trs using n ir-lst spryr lirtd for 100 gl/a r inditd in th Figurs of th Rsults. Rndomizd su-plots of four singl-tr rplitions for h trtmnt wr usd. In studis on Ryn Sun ph nd on Summr Fir ntrin, pplition timings wr vlutd using four sltd fungiids. Applitions of h fungiid wr don t 30% or 50% loom (Summr Fir) or 10% or 30% loom (Ryn Sun). On oth ultivrs, pplitions wr lso don t oth timings. Rndomizd suplots of four singl-tr rplitions for h trtmnt wr usd. Inidn of rown rot lossom light ws rordd in April For this, 200 lossoms wr vlutd for light for h of th four singl-tr

4 rplitions pr trtmnt. Inidn of rown rot lossom light ws rordd in April For this, 200 lossoms wr vlutd for light for h singl-tr rplition nd trtmnt. Lortory studis wr don with v. Fy Elrt ph lossoms otind from th UC Dvis, Plnt Pthology fild sttion. For this, pink ud lossoms wr olltd, llowd to opn in th lortory, nd ithr inoultd with onidil suspnsion of M. frutiol (20K onidi/ml) nd thn trtd ftr 24 h with fungiids or nturl produts using hnd spryr (post-inftion tivity), or trtd nd thn inoultd ftr 24 h (pr-inftion tivity). Thr rplitions of 7 lossoms wr usd for h fungiid. For th vlution of prhrvst trtmnts, two orhrds t KAC nd on orhrd t UC Dvis wr usd. Applitions wr md in th fild using n ir-lst spryr (100 gl/a) t 7 dys PHI to Elgnt Ldy, Ryn Sun, nd July Flm ph nd t 13 nd 7 dys PHI to Ryn Sun in nothr orhrd t KAC. In th sond orhrd with July Flm nd Ryn Sun ph, simultd rin ws pplid for 6 h h on dy ftr pplition. At UC Dvis, pplitions to Fy Elrt ph wr don t 14 or 7 dys PHI. Fungiids vlutd r inditd in Figs In th KAC trils, four oxs of 48 fruit h wr hrvstd for h trtmnt (on pr singl-tr rplition). Fruit wr pkd in ommril oxs nd stord for pproximtly 7 dys t 1 C nd thn for 5 to 7 dys t 20C. In UC Dvis tril, twlv fruit from h of four singl-tr rplitions wr hrvstd nd inutd for pproximtly 7 dys t 20 C for dvlopmnt of nturl inidn of dy. Host susptiility of F1- progny of Bolinh ph nd othr sltions to rown rot lossom light nd fruit dy. Blossoms of prntl Bolinh Q, D62-193, nd Dr. Dvis ssions, dditionl Cliforni vritis, nd sltd F1 progny s suggstd y Dr. Grdzil wr olltd t poporn stg in th spring of Du to th lmost simultnous loom of most ssions in 2011, lossoms ould only smpld on. Blossoms wr llowd to opn in th lortory, pld in ontinr with lyr of wt vrmiulit, spryinoultd with onidil suspnsion of M. frutiol (2 x 10 4 spors/ml) nd inutd for 4-5 dys t 20 C. Th inidn of stmn inftions ws ssssd for 7-8 lossoms pr h of four rplitions. For vlution of fruit susptiility, inoulum (100,000 spors/ml) ws prprd in 10% or 50% Moisturin, 0.5% Mthol, or 0.05% Twn 80. Drops (20 µl) of inoulum wr pplid to fruit on th tr in lt ftrnoon nd drops wr ovrd with 1 m x 1 m pis of Prfilm. Fruit wr vlutd priodilly ovr 10-dy priod for th dvlopmnt of dy. Effiy of fungiids for mngmnt of powdry mildw of ling ph. A tril on th mngmnt of powdry mildw usd y Podosphr pnnos ws stlishd in ommril v. Crson orhrd in Butt Co. In ddition to th ioontrol Atinovt, fiv singl-fungiids, nin pr-mixturs, nd two rottion progrms wr vlutd (s Fig. 11). Applitions wr don on Mrh 4 (full loom), Mrh 22 (2 wks ftr ptl fll), nd April (6 wks ftr ptl fll). Diss ws vlutd on Jun 9. For this, fruit of h of th four singl-tr rplitions wr rtd for diss. Sttistil nlysis of dt. Dt for diss inidn (prntg dt) wr rsin trnsformd for nlysis. Dt wr nlyzd using nlysis of vrin nd lst signifint diffrn (LSD) mn sprtion produrs of SAS 9.1. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Evlution of fungiids for mngmnt of ph lf url. In tril on v. Fy Elrt ph on th mngmnt of ph lf url, th ffiy of sltd fungiids pplid lon or in rottion during dormny nd lt dormny ws vlutd. Undr vry high diss prssur with 73.5% of th lvs inftd in th untrtd ontrol, ll trtmnts signifintly rdud th inidn of diss (Fig. 1). Th inidn mong trtmnts rngd from 2.5% (Zirm t 6 l) to 24% (Thirm t 3.5 l). Inidn of diss ws 18% whn Thirm ws usd t 2.5 l/a. Thus, Thirm ws lso fftiv nd is urrntly rgistr for us in CA. Zirm ws qully highly fftiv whn usd t th low off-ll rts of 4 or 6 l/a. As disussd with th rgistrnt of Zirm, w r trying to gt supplmntl ll tht would llow ths rdud rts (rgistrd rts r 8-10 l/a). Intrstingly, rts of Zirm s low s 3.75 l/a r rgistrd for th mngmnt of ph lf url Est of th Rokis.

5 Th oppr mtrils Koid 3000 nd two formultions of Bdg wr similrly fftiv s Zirm or Syllit (Fig. 1). In ontrst, in our 2009/2010 tril, similr pplition timings of oppr produts in omintion with spry oil only rdud th diss y pproximtly 40% from th ontrol. In Jn. 2011, th mount of rinfll t th tril lotion ws rltivly low. In omprisons of our fild studis ovr th lst fw yrs, w ould orrlt lowr ffiy of oppr produts with high mounts of rinfll during Jnury. Thus, oppr produts do not prsist wll during high rinfll onditions, whrs Zirm nd Syllit (studis from two yrs only) still prform vry wll. Bsd on this nd prvious yrs trils, ph lf url n most fftivly mngd y on (lss onduiv onditions) or two (highly onduiv onditions) dormnt pplitions with Zirm or th rntly rgistrd Syllit. Syllit rprsnts nw lss of fungiids for ston fruit prodution in Cliforni. Copprsd mtrils r st usd undr lss fvorl diss onditions (low to modrt pripittion). Additionlly, th thr fungiid lsss n lso fftivly usd in rottion progrms. Effiy of fungiids for mngmnt of lossom light. For rown rot lossom light mngmnt, trils wr don on ph ultivrs t KAC nd UC Dvis. With high rinfll in th spring, diss inidn ws modrt to high in th untrtd ontrol trs, ut ws signifintly rdud y singl pplition of ll fungiid trtmnts. Svrl nw fungiids wr vill for vlution (S-2200, IKF lss not rvld to dt for oth; th group 7 SDHI Fontlis (pnthiopyrd), th group 11 YT669 pioxystroin) nd ths wr fftiv in rduing th diss. Nw fungiid pr-mixturs r ontinud to introdud for ston fruit rops tht wr ll highly fftiv. Ths inlud: Lun Snstion (groups 7 fluopyrm +11 trifloxystroin), Mrivon (groups 7 fluxpyroxd + 11 pyrlostroin), nd Q8Y78 (group 7 pnthiopyrd + group 11 pioxystroin). Th prviously vlutd pr-mixturs Inspir Supr (difnoonzol+yprodonil), Inspir XT (difnoonzol + propionzol), Quilt Xl (zoxystroin + propionzol), Qudris Top (zoxystroin + difnoonzol), nd Admnt (tuonzol + trifloxystroin) ontinud to prform vry wll. In th UC Dvis tril on Fy Elrt with vry high diss inidn in th ontrol, most of th singltiv ingrdint trtmnts nd ll th fungiid mixturs wr highly fftiv (Fig. 2). Diss ws rdud from 45.2 inftions pr tr in th ontrol to on inftion (i.., Mrivon) to 16.5 inftions (i.., S- 2200) pr tr. In th KAC orhrds with lowr diss prssur, fungiid trtmnts wr similrly highly fftiv (Figs. 3 nd 4). Two pplitions of th ioontrols Bot-Zn or Atinovt in th UC Dvis plot wr not or only slightly fftiv (Fig. 2). Blossoms of Fy Elrt ph wr usd in lortory tsts nd dmonstrtd xllnt pr- nd postinftion tivity of ll fungiids inludd (Fig. 5). Th iologils Atinovt nd BotryZn showd no or only limitd tivity in ths lortory studis. An pplition timing study for lossom light ontrol ws don on ntrin vrity nd on v. Ryn Sun ph using Qush, Vngrd, Tilt, nd th pr-mixtur Admnt. Two pplitions of ths fungiids wr gnrlly mor fftiv thn singl pplition t rly loom or full loom (Fig. 6). Still, onsidring th highly fvorl diss onditions in th spring of 2011, th singl pplitions wr lso vry fftiv. Th fungiids usd ll hv som lolly systmi tivity nd thus, r vry fftiv s post-inftion trtmnts. Additionlly, rsidus r not s sily rmovd ftr rinfll nd trtmnts my pntrt into lossom tissus t th rly opning stg in suffiint mounts to prott th flowr during its ntir susptil stg. Host susptiility of F1- progny of Bolinh ph nd othr sltions to rown rot lossom light. Evlution of rown rot lossom light susptiility mong ph gnotyps in th UC Dvis rding progrm of Dr. Tom Grdzil ontinud with 28 nw nd prviously vlutd gnotyps. Th Bolinh ssion hd th lowst mount of stmn inftions (Fig. 7). Diss inidn of svrl gnotyps ws sttistilly similr to th on of Bolinh. Som of th lss susptil gnotyps wr lso rtd lss susptil in prvious yrs vlutions, whrs othrs hv n vril ovr th yrs. This is prsumly du to nvironmntl onditions in th orhrd, pr-disposition of th host, nd ulturl prtis (.g., soil frtility, nitrogn lvls, t.) tht my hv mor profound fft on lossom susptiility thn

6 th gnti kground of th host. Although som lss susptil ph gnotyps hv n idntifid ovr th yrs, rding of nw ling ph vritis is long-trm undrtking nd for now, fungiid pplitions will ontinu to ritil in th mngmnt of lossom light. Effiy of prhrvst fungiids for mngmnt of fruit dys. In th tril t UC Dvis on Fy Elrt using 7- or 14-dy PHI trtmnts, vry similr rsults wr otind for th two timings (Fig. 8). Admnt nd Lun Snstion rdud dy to th lowst inidn, whil S-2200, Mttl (ttronzol), Inspir Supr, nd Pristin wr not fftiv. Othr trtmnts wr intrmdit in thir ffiy. Th ovrll low ffiy of mny trtmnts n xplind y th unusul rly (18 mm) nd lt (21 mm) Jun rins whn quisnt inftions likly m stlishd. Furthrmor, 15-mm rinfll ourrd in rly August (two dys ftr fungiid pplition) tht likly rmovd lrg mount of rsidus from fruit for thos fungiids tht hv no lolly systmi tivity (i.., Pristin, Mttl, t.). Furthrmor, in th Inspir Supr trtmnt, th yprodonil omponnt my hv rokn down undr high tmprturs s ws prviously dmonstrtd y us. Additionlly, simultd rin ws pplid ftr h fungiid pplition in th orhrd with July Flm nd Ryn Sun ph t KAC tht likly furthr inrsd th diss prssur. At KAC, 7-dy nd 13+7 dy PHI pplitions wr don. Most trtmnts rdud th inidn of rown rot on th mid-sson ph ultivrs Elgnt Ldy nd July Flm. Th ffiy of Admnt nd Mrivon ws onsistntly vry high for Elgnt Ldy nd July Flm, whrs tht of othr trtmnts ws lowr or inonsistnt twn th two ultivrs (Figs. 9,10). Low ffiy gin n xplind y rinfll tht t this lotion ourrd minly in rly Jun (38 mm ovr two dys) with som minor rinfll in lt Jun nd lt July. On th lt-mturing Ryn Sun ph (August hrvst), singl trtmnts (7 dys PHI) wr lss fftiv (Fig. 9) thn th two-trtmnt (13+7 dys PHI) progrm (Fig. 10) whr simultd rin ws pplid. Thus, two pplitions wr vry fftiv undr vry onduiv nvironmntl onditions. Ovrll, in 7-dy PHI pplitions, mong singl tiv ingrdint produts, th nw Fontlis, IKF-5411, YT669 wr similrly fftiv s Qush or Tilt. For th pr-mixturs, rsults wr vril mong th ultivrs, ut ovrll, trtmnts with Admnt, Lun Snstion, Inspir XT, or Mrivon rsultd in th lowst inidn of dy. An orgni formultion of polyoxin-d (Ph-D) tht ws vlutd on two ultivrs ws not fftiv in Agin, this n xplind y th unusul rinfll tht ourrd during th sson us in 2010 this ompound ws fftiv in som trils. Th lld rt of Ph-D is low (6.2 oz of th 11.2 DF formultion) ut th prsistn is high. Thus, multipl pplitions los to hrvst should prov to onsistnt nd fftiv. Potntilly this fungiid ould vill s n orgni fungiid. Studis will ontinud in 2012 with multipl pplitions of n orgni formultion. Evlution of mthods for inoultion of fruit in th fild Svrl mthods wr tstd to inoult fruit in th fild for th vlution for fruit susptiility to rown rot. Inoulum ws prprd in Moisturin or Mthol to rdu wtr loss from th inoultion droplt; or ws prprd in Twn 80 solution to provid ttr ovrg of th fuzzy fruit surf. Non of th mthods rsultd in high inidn of dy. In n vrg of thr xprimnts, 23%, 16%, 16.7%, or 21.7% of th inoultions rsultd in dy for 10% Moisturin, 50% Moisturin, Mthol, or Twn 80, rsptivly. Ths sm mthods rsultd in high inidn of dy in 2010 whn tstd on hrvstd fruit in th lortory. As mntiond ov, non-wound inoultion of fruit in th fild during th summrtim is diffiult nd proly lrgr numr of fruit nds to inoultd. Evlution of fungiids for mngmnt of powdry mildw. In th powdry mildw tril in Butt Co., w vlutd singl-fungiids, nw pr-mixturs, s wll s th ioontrol Atinovt. Diss prssur in th tst plot ws low with nd inidn of 3.7% in th ontrol. Fontlis, S-2200, Xmium, Admnt, Lun Snstion, Inspir XT, Inspir Supr, Qudris Top, Pristin, Mrivon, Q8478, s wll s rottions of Mrivon nd Vivndo (mtrfnon) or Indr nd Quint wr ll highly fftiv (Fig. 11). Som of ths mtrils r highly spifi ginst powdry mildws (Quint nd Vivndo), othrs r lso usd xtnsivly in lossom nd fruit rown rot progrms. Thus, powdry mildw-spifi ompounds should usd t timings in rottions whn rown rot is not trgt for mngmnt (.g., rly fruit dvlopmnt). Th iologil ontrol Atinovt only numrilly rdud th inidn of powdry mildw from tht of th ontrol.

7 Fig. 1. Effiy of fungiid trtmnts pplid during dormny ginst ph lf url of Fy Elrt phs in fild tril t UC Dvis Rottion No. Trtmnt 12/10/10 1/19/11 1 Control Syllit 400SC 32 fl oz 3 Syllit 400SC 48 fl oz 4 Koid l 5 Bdg X2 5 l 6 Bdg SC 224 fl oz 7 Zirm 76DF 4 l 8 Zirm 76DF 6 l 9 Thirm 3.5 l 10 Thirm 2.5 l 11 Zirm 76DF 4 l - Syllit 400SC 48 fl oz - d d d d d d Inidn (%) d d d Trtmnts wr pplid in th fild in omintion with spry oil (4% Omni oil) using n ir-lst spryr (100 gl/a). Diss vlution ws don on For this, th numr of inftd lvs for totl of 100 lvs for h rplition ws dtrmind. Fig. 2. Evlution of nw fungiids ginst rown rot lossom light of Fy Elrt ph t UC Dvis 20-40% % loom loom Progrm Trtmnt Control Bioontrols Bot-Zn 2 l Bot-Zn 4 l Atinovt 12 oz Singl S fl oz --- Qush 50WG 3.5 oz --- IKF SC 10.5 fl oz --- IKF SC 17 fl oz --- Mixturs nd Admnt 50WG 5 oz --- Pr-mixturs Lun Snstion 5 fl oz --- Pristin 38WG 14.5 oz --- Mrivon (BAS703) 6.8 fl oz --- Inspir Supr 20 fl oz --- Inspir XT 7 fl oz --- Qudris Top 14 fl oz --- Qush 2.5 oz + S fl oz --- Numr of inftions/tr d d d Trtmnts wr pplid using n ir-lst spryr t rt of 100 gl/a.evlution ws don on

8 Fig. 3. Effiy of fungiid trtmnts for mngmnt of rown rot lossom light of two ph ultivrs t th Krny Agriulturl Cntr - Orhrd 1 Singl fungiids Control Vngrd 75WG 5 oz Fontlis 14 fl oz + NIS IKF SC 17 fl oz Tilt (Orit) 3.6EC 4 fl oz Qush 50WG 3.5 oz Admnt 50WG 6 oz Lun Snstion 500SC 5 fl oz Inspir XT 7 fl oz Inspir Supr 20 fl oz Qudris Top 14 fl oz Pristin 38WG 14.5 oz Q8Y78 240SC 12 fl oz Elgnt Ldy Ph d d d d d d d d Ryn Sun Ph Inidn of lossom light (%) On pplition of h trtmnt ws md in th fild on to Elgnt Ldy ph (90% loom) nd Ryn Sun ph (80% loom) using n ir-lst spryr t 100 gl/a. NIS = non-ioni surftnt. Q8Y78 240SC is pr-mix of pioxystroin nd pnthiopyrd. Blossoms wr vlutd for lossom light on Thr wr four singl-tr rplitions for h trtmnt. Fig. 4. Effiy of fungiid trtmnts for mngmnt of rown rot lossom light of July Flm ph t th Krny Agriulturl Cntr- Orhrd 2 Control Vngrd 75WG 5 oz Tilt (Orit) 3.6EC 4 fl oz Indr 2F 6 fl oz + NIS Qush 50WG 3.5 oz Fontlis 20 fl oz + NIS YT SC (pioxystroin) 12 fl oz IKF SC 17 fl oz Admnt 50WG 6 oz Lun Snstion 500SC 5 fl oz Singl fungiids Prmixturs Prmixturs Inspir XT 7 fl oz Inspir Supr 20 fl oz Qudris Top 14 fl oz Pristin 38WG 14.5 oz Mrivon (BAS703) 6.8 fl oz Q8Y78 240SC 18 fl oz Inidn of lossom light (%) On pplition of h trtmnt ws md in th fild t 80% loom on using n ir-lst spryr t 100 gl/a. NIS = non-ioni surftnt. Q8Y78 240SC is pr-mix of pioxystroin nd pnthiopyrd. Blossoms wr vlutd for light on Thr wr four singl-tr rplitions for h trtmnt.

9 Fig. 5. Evlution of th pr- nd post-inftion tivity of nw fungiids ginst rown rot lossom light of Fy Elrt ph in th lortory Post-inftion tivity Pr-inftion tivity Control Atinovt 12 oz BotryZn 4 l S fl oz S fl oz + Qush 2 oz f IKF SC 17 fl oz Fontlis (DPX LEM ) 20 fl oz YT SC 12 fl oz f df d d Indr 2F 6 fl oz + Brkthru 0.065% f Tilt 3.6EC 4 fl oz Qush 50WG 3.5 oz Admnt WG 6 oz Lun Snstion SC 5 fl oz Inspir XT 7 fl oz Qudris Top 14 fl oz Pristin 38WG 14.5 oz Mrivon (BAS703) 6.8 fl oz Q8Y78 240SC 18 fl oz f df d f df d df f f d Inidn of stmn inftions (%) Blossoms t poporn stg wr olltd in th fild nd llowd to opn in th lortory. Blossoms wr thn ithr trtd using n ir-nozzl spryr 24 h for (pr-inftion tivity) or ftr (post-inftion tivity) inoultion with onidi of M. frutiol 20,000 onidi/ml). Blossoms wr inutd t 20C for 4-5 dys nd wr thn vlutd for stmn inftions. Fig. 6. Effiy of sltd fungiids for mngmnt of rown rot lossom light of Summr fir ntrin nd Ryn Sun ph in timing study t th Krny Ag Cntr % 50-60% Fungiid loom loom Control Qush 50WG 3.5 oz Control Vngrd 75WG 5 oz Control Tilt (Orit) 3.6EC 4 fl oz Control Admnt 50WG 4 oz Summr Fir Inid. of light (%) 10% 30% loom loom Inid. of light (%) Trtmnts wr pplid in th fild using n ir-lst spryr (100 gl/a). Blossoms wr vlutd for lossom light on Thr wr four singl-tr rplitions for h trtmnt. Sttistil nlyss wr don sprtly for h fungiid nd ultivr Ryn Sun

10 Fig. 7. Host susptiility of diffrnt ph gnotyps nd thir F1-progny to rown rot lossom light 97, , , , , , , , , /ExLt #2 01, , R, 7-5/Erly #3 Dr. Dvis F8, ,9-161 F8, , , /ExLt #1 01,9-30 Ross 98,9-7 01,9-89 F10EN, 6-27 D F8, , 9-82 EN, 19-30/Lt #2 Bolinh d d df dfg dfg dfg dfgh dfghi dfghi dfghi dfghi fghi fghi fghi fghi ghij hij hij ij ij j j Inidn of lossom light (%) Blossoms t pink ud stg wr olltd, llowd to opn in th lortory, nd inoultd with onidi of Monilini frutiol (10 4 onidi/ml). Blossoms wr vlutd for stmn inftion ftr 5-6 dys of inution t 20C. Fig. 8. Effiy of 14- nd 7-dy PHI fungiid pplitions for mngmnt of posthrvst rown rot of Fy Elrt ph t UC Dvis dy PHI 14-dy PHI Control S fl oz IKF SC 17 fl oz d f Mttl 5 fl oz Qush 50WG 3.5 oz f d Qush 2.5 oz + S fl oz d fg Trtmnts wr pplid in Admnt 50WG 6 oz fg h th fild on using n Lun Snstion 5 fl oz g g ir-lst spryr (100 gl/a). 12 fruit wr hrvstd from Inspir XT 7 fl oz f df h of four singl-tr Inspir Supr 20 fl oz rplitions. Fruit wr thn Qudris Top 14 fl oz d f inutd for 7 dys t 20 C. Pristin 38WG 14.5 oz d d Mrivon (BAS703) 6.8 fl oz 0 20 d fg Inidn of fruit dy (%)

11 Fig. 9. Effiy of prhrvst fungiid trtmnts for mngmnt of rown rot (nturl inidn of dy) of ph t th Krny Agriulturl Cntr - Orhrd 1 Ph-D orgni 11.2DF 6.2 oz Fontlis (DPX LEM17) + NIS 14 fl oz Singl fungiids IKF SC 17 fl oz Tilt (Orit) 3.6EC 4 fl oz Qush 50WG 3.5 oz Admnt 50WG 6 oz Lun Snstion 500SC 5 fl oz Inspir XT 7 fl oz Inspir Supr 20 fl oz Qudris Top 14 fl oz Pristin 38WG 14.5 oz Mrivon (BAS703) 6.8 fl oz Q8Y78 240SC 12 fl oz Elgnt Ldy ph 7 dys PHI Control f df f df d d d d Ryn Sun ph 7 dys PHI d d d d Inidn of rown rot dy (%) d d d d d d Trtmnts wr pplid on 7-8 (Elgnt Ldy) or 8-11 (Ryn Sun) using n ir-lst spryr (100 gl/a). Fruit wr hrvstd nd stord t 1C for 7 dys nd wr thn inutd t 20C for 7 dys. Fig. 10. Effiy of prhrvst fungiid trtmnts for mngmnt of rown rot (nturl inidn of dy) of ph t th Krny Agriulturl Cntr - Orhrd 2 Singl fungiids Control Vngrd 75WG 10 oz Fontlis (DPX LEM17) + NIS 20 fl oz YT SC (pioxystroin) 12 fl oz Prmixturs Prmixturs Indr 2F + NIS 6 fl oz Tilt (Orit) 3.6EC 4 fl oz Qush 50WG 3.5 oz Mttl 5 fl oz Admnt 50WG 6 oz Lun Snstion 500SC 5 fl oz Inspir XT 7 fl oz Inspir Supr 20 fl oz Qudris Top 14 fl oz Pristin 38WG 14.5 oz Mrivon (BAS703) 6.8 fl oz Q8Y78 240SC 18 fl oz July Flm ph 7 dys PHI d d d d d Ryn Sun ph 13+7 dys PHI df Inidn of rown rot dy (%) f f df df f df d df d df d df Trtmnts wr pplid on 6-30 (July Flm) or 8-5 nd (Ryn Sun) using n ir-lst spryr (100 gl/a). NIS = non-ioni surftnt. Q8Y78 240SC is pr-mix of pioxystroin nd pnthiopyrd. Fruit wr hrvstd nd stord t 1C for 7 dys nd wr thn inutd t 20C for 7 dys.

12 Fig. 11. Effiy of fungiid trtmnts for mngmnt of powdry mildw of v. Crson ph in Butt Co Progrm Trtmnt FB PF PF --- Control Singl trtmnts Atinovt 12 oz Vivndo (BAS560) 15 fl oz Bumpr 41.8EC 4 fl oz Qush 50WG 3.5 oz Fontlis (DPX LEM 17) + NIS 20 fl oz S fl oz Mixtur Xmium (BAS700) 3.4 fl oz + Vivndo 10.4 fl oz Pr-mixturs Admnt 50WG 6 oz Lun Snstion 5 fl oz Inspir XT 7 fl oz Inspir Supr 20 fl oz Qudris Top 14 fl oz Pristin 38WG 14.5 oz Mrivon (BAS703) 6.8 fl oz Q fl oz + NIS Rottions Mrivon (BAS703) 6.8 fl oz --- Vivndo 15 fl oz Indr 6 fl oz + Quint 7 fl oz Diss inidn on fruit (%) d d df df f df df f df d df df df f df Quint 7 fl oz Trtmnts wr pplid using n ir-lst spryr t rt of 100 gl/a. NIS= non-ioni surftnt. Q8Y78 240SC is pr-mix of pioxystroin nd pnthiopyrd. Evlution ws don on For this, fruit on h of th 4 singl-tr rplitions wr vlutd for th prsn of powdry mildw.