A short summary of ARDENT
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1 A short summary of ARDENT Advanced Radiation Dosimetry European Network Training Marco Silari (DGS-RP) CERN Medical Applications, 2 December 2015 Marco Silari for 1
2 ARDENT February 2012 January 2016 Marie Curie Initial Training Network under EU FP7 4 M 8 Full Partners and 6 Associate Partners Coordinator: CERN, Scientist-in-Charge: Dr. M. Silari CERN (coordinator), Geneva, Switzerland AIT Vienna, Austria CTU - IAEP Prague, Czech Republic IBA Dosimetry, Schwarzenbruck, Germany Jablotron, Jablonec nad Nisou, Czech Republic MI.AM, Piacenza, Italy Politecnico of Milano, Italy Seibersdorf Laboratories, Austria INFN Legnaro National Laboratories, Italy ST Microelectronics, Italy University of Erlangen, Germany University of Houston, USA University of Ontario, Canada University of Wollongong, Australia CERN Medical Applications, 2 December 2015 Marco Silari for 2
3 The 18 ARDENT researchers Francesca Bisello ESR 10 CERN Medical Applications, 2 December 2015 Marco Silari for 3
4 Development of advanced instrumentation for radiation monitoring Three technologies Gas detectors: gas electron multipliers (GEM), ion chambers Solid state detectors: Medipix, silicon detectors Combined silicon-gas detector Track detector techniques: CR-39 CERN Medical Applications, 2 December 2015 Marco Silari for 4
5 Development of advanced instrumentation for radiation monitoring Main objectives Radiation dosimetry Microdosimetry Neutron and photon spectrometry Applications Characterization of radiation fields at particle accelerators Characterization of radiation fields on-board aircrafts and in space Medical applications: diagnostics and therapy CERN Medical Applications, 2 December 2015 Marco Silari for 5
6 GEM/Timepix measurements at CERF Eleni Aza and Silvia Puddu (GEM), Stuart George (Timepix) 120 GeV/c p/π CERN: mixed field of secondary particles (p, π, e, γ, n) from spallation reactions Measurements with Timepix: mixed field analysis Measurements with GEM: beam monitoring measurements of individual radiation components CERN Medical Applications, 2 December 2015 Marco Silari for 6
7 The Triple GEM detector as beam monitor Experimental set-up Beam image ± % efficiency Beam profile comparison to a MWPC during an intensity scan GEM MWPC (saturates) Good correlation with IC reference monitor CERN Medical Applications, 2 December 2015 Marco Silari for 7
8 Fast neutron detection with GEM Fast neutrons: Head on detector Converter: PE + Al Low sensitivity to γ background at chosen WP Constant: 3640 ± 40 Mean1: 5.9 ± 1.8 cm Mean2: 5.5 ± 1.8 cm CERN Medical Applications, 2 December 2015 Marco Silari for 8
9 Thermal neutron detection with GEM Side-On detector Thermal neutrons Alphas Thermal neutrons: Converter: series of slices of 10 Bo Delay: 12 ms Low sensitivity to γ background at chosen WP Beam image reconstructed from several step positions CERN Medical Applications, 2 December 2015 Marco Silari for 9
10 Characterization of neutron time-of-flight facility with the GEM detector (ntof, CERN) 20 GeV/c protons on lead target Neutron detectors placed at EAR1 and Beam dump (185 and 200 m) Active area 10x10 cm 2 and pad size 8x8 mm 2 Slow and fast neutron profile at 200 m Energy spectrum measured at 200 m CERN Medical Applications, 2 December 2015 Marco Silari for 10
11 The GEMPix - An Ultra Pixellated Gas Detector Stuart P. George (CERN) The Gempix combines two CERN developed technologies, GEM detectors and the Timepix to produce a gas detector with 55 µm readout granularity (1) Gas Supply (2) High Voltage (3) Entrance Window (4) GEM Foils (5) FITPix Readout Sensitive area = 3 x 3 x 1.2 cm 3 CERN Medical Applications, 2 December 2015 Marco Silari for 11
12 GEMPix: two working modes Particles to be analysed Triple GEM Mylar window Gas flux AR CO 2 Head-on Length analysed Triple GEM Side-on Particles to be analysed Gas flux The detector is a naked quad Medipix : The active area is 9 cm 2 The particle track is analysed with 512 pixel in 3 cm length This is equivalent to 30 microns of tissue with 17 samples/micron CERN Medical Applications, 2 December 2015 Marco Silari for 12
13 Determination of 55 Fe in radioactive waste The sample is reduced to a powder with a milling machine Silvia Puddu and Stuart George (CERN) Filtered at 50 mm grain with a mesh Finally the sample is put below the detector for the measurement Next the powder is attached to a double-side tape in a small plastic box 3x3 cm 2 CERN Medical Applications, 2 December 2015 Marco Silari for 13
14 Results: GEMPix versus radiochemical analysis CERN Medical Applications, 2 December 2015 Marco Silari for 14
15 GEMPIX: detector for tissue samples Tissue sample to be analysed Kapton window Triple GEM Particles to be analysed Gas flux The detector is a quad naked medipix : The active area is 9 cm 2 The particle track is analysed with 512 pixel in 3 cm length This is equivalent to 30 microns of tissue with 17 samples/microns CERN Medical Applications, 2 December 2015 Marco Silari for 15
16 Track reconstruction (Microdosimetry?) 3D Path Angular Resolution Spatial resolution of track reconstruction is 120 µm, should be further improvable in the future. CERN Medical Applications, 2 December 2015 Marco Silari for 16
17 GEM-based Neutron Spectrometer Eleni Aza (CERN) Neutron conversion board read-out by a GEM detector Active area 35x21 cm 2 and pad size 22x13 mm 2 (256 pads) Regions defined for different energy ranges Reg 1-4 employ B 4 C and PE for 1 mev 5 MeV Reg 5 & 6 employ PE and Al for MeV Inside Outside CERN Medical Applications, 2 December 2015 Marco Silari for 17
18 LUPIN Chris Cassell (POLIMI) Moderator Proportional counter 3 + (response function reproduces the curve + He or BF 3 of the neutron fluence to H*(10) conversion coefficients) Innovative front end electronics CERN Medical Applications, 2 December 2015 Marco Silari for 18
19 Measurements in pulsed neutron fields at CERN (just two examples) HiRadMat Access to the PS tunnel Example of signal acquired with the LUPIN PROMPT NEUTRONS THERMALIZED NEUTRONS SCATTERED NEUTRONS Detectors mounted on carousel CERN Medical Applications, 2 December 2015 Marco Silari for 19
20 Neutron spectrometry with the BSS (Proton Therapy Centre, Essen) Eleni Aza (CERN) and Chris Cassell (POLIMI) 230 MeV/c protons on water phantom Spectrum measured inside the treatment room Neutron fluence per unit lethargy (/cm 2 /proton) 1.E-07 1.E-08 1.E-09 MAXED GRAVEL GUESS 1.E-10 1E-9 1E-6 1E-3 1E+0 1E+3 Neutron energy [MeV] CERN Medical Applications, 2 December 2015 Marco Silari for 20
21 Neutron dosimetry with structured plastic converters Stuart P. George (CERN) Multilayer plastic converters should be able to provide an energy independent response for fast neutron dosimetry Experimental evaluation of 3D printer prototypes over fast energy range CERN Medical Applications, 2 December 2015 Marco Silari for 21
22 Development of low cost radiation monitor Czech Radiation Protection Institute (SURO) Low cost radiation monitors Deploy all across the country Wired or wireless based device Cloud connectivity to monitor remotely Prototype Raspberry-Pi based device First prototype ready Ongoing experiments and calibration activity Next steps Include other blocks like Temperature, Humidity, Pressure Ensure the device environment Mechanical design Testing and deployment Vijayaragavan Viswanathan (Jablotron) Remote monitoring CERN Medical Applications, 2 December 2015 Marco Silari for 22
23 BrachyView Medipix in cancer treatment Use Medipix to develop brand new, ultrafunctional, in-body imaging probe Currently, doctors use a combination of ultrasound, X-rays, CT for implant verification Kevin Loo (CTU Prague) CERN Medical Applications, 2 December 2015 Marco Silari for 23
24 Ionization Chamber Array for External Beam Radiotherapy Michele Togno (IBA Dosimetry) Development and characterization of a new air vented ionization chamber array technology for machine & patient quality assurance in external beam radiotherapy. MV X-Rays ~ MeV protons CERN Medical Applications, 2 December 2015 Marco Silari for 24
25 Ionization Chamber Array for External Beam Radiotherapy Proton beams characterization: example of measured Pristine Bragg peak at different energies Example of patient plan verification for an Intensity Modulated PT treatment of prostate tumor. CERN Medical Applications, 2 December 2015 Marco Silari for 25
26 Scattered radiation in a CT room Erik Frojdh (CERN) Dosepix and Timepix detectors with a 300 µm Si sensor Measurements performed at CHUV in Lausanne Ge Medical Systems Discovery CT750 HD CT-scanner at 80 kvp and 120 kvp Measured scattered radiation during scan of an abdomen phantom CERN Medical Applications, 2 December 2015 Marco Silari for 26
27 Silicon microdosimeter Elena Sagia (Polytechnic of Milano) Monolithic silicon telescope n + p + ΔE stage ( 1.9 μm) p + Segmented ΔE stage E element 9 µm ~2 μm Guard E stage ( 500 μm) n µm E stage 14 µm Silicon telescope: a thin E stage (1.9 μm thick) coupled to a residual energy stage E (500 μm thick) on the same silicon wafer pixels in parallel Sensitive area 0.5 mm 2 Minimum detectable energy limited to about 20 kev by the electronic noise CERN Medical Applications, 2 December 2015 Marco Silari for 27
28 y d(y) Depth dose curve (a.u.) y (kev µm -1 ) 62 MeV proton Distal part of SOBP silicon telescope 20.5 mm cylindrical TEPC 20.1 mm (threshold) cylindrical TEPC 20.1 mm (no threshold) depth in PMMA (mm) y d(y) y d(y) y (kev µm -1 ) silicon telescope 21.2 mm cylindrical TEPC 21.4 mm (threshold) cylindrical TEPC 21.4 mm (no threshold) silicon telescope 21.8 mm cylindrical TEPC 22 mm (threshold) 0.4 cylindrical TEPC 22 mm (no threshold) y (kev µm -1 ) CERN Medical Applications, 2 December 2015 Marco Silari for 28 y d(y) y d(y) y (kev µm -1 ) silicon telescope 21.4 mm cylindrical TEPC 21.6 mm (threshold) cylindrical TEPC 21.6 mm (no threshold) silicon telescope 21.6 mm cylindrical TEPC 21.8 mm (threshold) cylindrical TEPC 21.8 mm (no threshold) y (kev µm -1 ) Event-by-event TE correction!!!
29 GEMPix: 3D energy deposition in water phantom Stuart George (CERN) CNAO 3D motorized water phantom CERN Medical Applications, 2 December 2015 Marco Silari for 29
30 GEMPix: 3D energy deposition in water phantom Bragg Peak Entry Fragment Tail 23 depths in water with the CNAO (Pavia Italy) clinical carbon ion beam ( ions/depth). CERN Medical Applications, 2 December 2015 Marco Silari for 30
31 Neutron dosimetry with CR-39 detectors Alvin Sashala Naik (MI.AM) Intercast CR-39 track detector Fast neutron dosimeter based on the intercast CR-39 Politrack TM instrument The Politrack TM instrument was developed by the Politecnico di Milano and commercialised by Mi.am SRL. CERN Medical Applications, 2 December 2015 Marco Silari for 31
32 Spectrometry using CR-39 detectors for hadron therapy beam diagnostics (Carbon ions) CR-39 stack Carbon ions Experiment at CNAO hadron therapy centre in Pavia, Italy Irradiation of CR-39 detectors with Carbon ions of MeV/nucleon CERN Medical Applications, 2 December 2015 Marco Silari for 32
33 In-beam LET spectrometry and dosimetry of heavy ions (a) (b) Preliminary results from measurements of the fragmentation of Carbon ions in a stack of CR-39 detectors at CNAO. (a) Fluence to depth curve, (b) Dose to Depth curve, (c) mean lineal energy of the Carbon beam with respect to depth in the CR-39 stack. CERN Medical Applications, 2 December 2015 Marco Silari for 33 (c)
34 In-beam LET spectrometry and dosimetry in proton beam Detector 6 Dose Equivalent 2D map along the beam path Detector 5 Detector 4 Detector 3 Detector 2 Detector 1 CERN Medical Applications, 2 December 2015 Marco Silari for 34
35 Heterogeneous Breathing Thorax Phantom Andrej Sipaj (AIT) Objective: Measure dose to moving lung tumor (online and offline) in order to validate treatment planning system CERN Medical Applications, 2 December 2015 Marco Silari for 35
36 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS All supervisors and scientists from the various partner institutions At CERN, special thanks to: Michael Campbell, Jerome Alozy Fabrizio Murtas, Matteo Magistris, Daniel Perrin, Doris Forkel-Wirth CERN Medical Applications, 2 December 2015 Marco Silari for 36
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