FLUKA Monte Carlo Simulation for the Leksell Gamma Knife Perfexion TM radiosurgery system
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1 FLUKA Monte Carlo Simulation for the Leksell Gamma Knife Perfexion TM radiosurgery system Collaboration Project: Θ Θ Θ INFN, Milan; Medical Physics Department, Niguarda Ca'Granda Hospital, Milan; Elekta AB Instruments Sweden (producer company).
2 Leksell Gamma Knife Perfexion (LGK-PFX) The Leksell Gamma Knife Perfexion is a 60 Co medical device based, manufactured by Elekta Sweden, able to apply sophisticated radiation surgery technique. It is used to treat small brain and spinal cord tumors (both benign and malignant), blood vessel abnormalities in the brain, as well as neurologic problems. The gamma rays are delivered by 192 sources (average activity ~1TBq each), arranged on 8 identical sectors which h can slide on a cone configuration. In this way the source can be placed on correspondence of three different collimation set able to focus the gamma rays on a common spot, called the isocenter of fthe field, having a radial dimension of about 4, 8 and 16 mm respectively.
3 Implementation of the simulation The collimation system geometry, the sources positioning and all the involved material, have been properly simulated. The starting point of the beams has been uniformly sampled inside the source volume. The simulations have been performed splitting the runs in a Macintosh cluster made up of twelve quadri-processor nodes. Each simulation has been performed in the homogeneous condition of the target. FLUKA Monte Carlo simulation has been validate by means of a comparison with the TPS data provided by Elekta in the same condition.
4 Gamma Knife Perfexion geometry TUNGSTEN Gamma Knife PerfexionTM radiosurgery system
5 FLUKA implemented geometry and materials SimpleGeo 4.2 flair geoviewer Gamma Knife PerfexionTM radiosurgery system
6 Results By means of FLUKA code the relative dose distribution along the three coordinated axes for each kind of collimator size and the output factors for various size of scoring volumes have been investigated. 1- Output t factor (OF). By definition, the output factors (OF) are the ratio between the dose given by a set of collimators and the dose given by the largest collimators, i.e. the 16 mm, which is taken as reference size and its OF is set equal to For the 8mm and the 4mm collimator size the Elekta OF values are and respectively. Collimator size ELEKTA OF FLUKA OF 8mm ± % 0.2% Δ Δ is the percentage difference between the results from Monte Carlo calculation and the Elekta values: ELEKTA Δ = FLUKA OF 4 mm ± 0.2% % OF
7 2- Relative dose profile 4mm Collimators X-Axis
8 2- Relative dose profile 8mm Collimators Y-Axis
9 2- Relative dose profile 16mm Collimators X-Axis
10 2- Relative dose profile 16mm Collimators Z-Axis
11 In the figure, obtained from a FLUKA simulation for the 16mm collimator size with 10 9 of primary hisories, can be fully apreciated the superposition p effect, due to different sector contribution, in the final relative dose distribution. It can be noticed how this effect causes a fast drop in the relative dose value, which pass from the 100% value in the isocentre spot, to 30% within a range of about t2.5 cm. This technique allows to provide a high dose rate in a small target, lowering the dose value delivered to the surrounding healthy tissues. Relative dose distribution inside the dosimetry phantom 2.5 cm
12 Conclusions The data comparison prove that FLUKA is capable to simulate succesfully the Leksell Gamma Knife Perfexion Treatment Planning Software Leksell GammaPlan (LGP) in homogeneous conditions. If 8mm OK SIMULATION CONSIDERED VALIDATED The next step of this work should include the inhomogeneous condition of the target and the importing in FLUKA of CT scans relative to real clinical cases in order to understand how the heterogeneity presence can affect the dose distribution. The TPS do not considers at all the heterogeneities presence.
13 THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION.
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