132 Index. Boerhaave s syndromerelated,

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1 Index A Abdomen acute. See Abdominal pain fluid collections in, free air in, 88 gasless, 34, 51 postoperative, 64 septic, Abdominal aortic aneurysm, Abdominal pain, appendicitis-related, cholecystitis-related, large bowel obstructionrelated, pancreatitis-related, pneumoperitoneum-related, pseudoobstruction (Ogilvie s syndrome)-related, 38, 39 renal colic-related, small bowel ischemia-related, small bowel obstructionrelated, Abdominal x-rays of abdominal aortic aneurysms, 78 for abdominal pain evaluation, 30 of appendicitis, 43 of cholecystitis, 48 of diverticular disease, of large bowel obstruction, 34 36, 37 of pancreatitis, 50 of pneumoperitoneum, 38, of pseudoobstruction (Ogilvie s syndrome), 38, 39 of small bowel ischemia, 53 of small bowel obstruction, 30 31, 32, 34 of urolithiasis, 56, 58 Abscess intraabdominal appendicular, 47 diverticular, pancreatic, 53 paracolic, 60, 61 pericolonic, 96 postoperative, 64 subhepatic, 60 subphrenic, 40 41, 60 pulmonary, pneumoniarelated, 22 Adenocarcinoma, 75, 85 Adenoma, hepatic, 68, 69, 71, Adrenal carcinoma/tumors, Ampullary carcinoma/tumors, 110, 115, 117 Aneurysm, abdominal aortic, Angiodysplasia,

2 132 Index Angiography of angiodysplasia, computed tomography, 6, 79 80, 81, 89 digital subtraction, 6 of gastrointestinal hemorrhage, 84 of gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage, of hepatic trauma, 126 magnetic resonance (MRA), 6, 10, 70, 82 of Meckel s diverticulum, 104 of renal tract trauma, 129 of small bowel ischemia, 55 X-ray-based, of abdominal aortic aneurysm, 82 Aortic dissection/rupture, 18 21, 20, 120, Aortography, of aortic dissection/rupture, 21 Appendicitis, acute, 42 45, 60 Appendicoliths, 43, 44, 45, 47 Appendix, gas-filled, Apple core lesions, of the sigmoid colon, 99 Arrowhead sign, 96 Arteriography, 6 computed tomography, 69 Aspiration of contrast media, 3 of intraabdominal fluid collections, Atelectasis, basal pulmonary, B Balthazar CT Severity Index, 53 Barium enemas, 4 bird of prey sign on, 38 of colorectal carcinoma, 97, 99 of diverticular strictures, 95 double-contrast of colorectal carcinoma, 97, 99 of diverticular disease, 96 of gastric carcinoma, of gastric erosions, 86 87, 88 of peptic ulcers, 88 of ulcerative colitis, 99, of sigmoid volvulus, 38 single-contrast, of large bowel obstruction, 36 Barium studies, 3 4, 5 barium meal, 4 barium swallow, 3 4 of Crohn s disease, 103 of esophageal varices, 85, 86 of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), 89 Bile ducts, mechanical obstruction of, Biliary stones. See Gallstones Biloma, 50 Bird of prey sign, 38 Bladder, traumatic injury to, 129 Bleeding. See Hemorrhage Boerhaave s syndrome, Bowler hat sign, 96 Bronchial carcinoma, as chest pain cause, Bronchoscopy, of bronchial carcinoma, C Calcification adrenal, 74 aortic dissection-related, 20 of gallstones, pancreatic, 50, 110 Cecum abscess formation in, 47 perforation of, 35 polypoid lesions of, 99 volvulus of, Chest pain, aortic dissection/rupturerelated, Boerhaave s syndromerelated, 27 29

3 Index 133 bronchial carcinoma-related, pleuritic, 16 pneumonia-related, pneumothorax-related, Chest trauma, Chest x-rays of abdominal sepsis, 60 of aortic dissection/rupture, 18 19, 20, 21, of Boerhaave s syndrome, 29 of bronchial carcinoma, 23 26, 27 of chest trauma, 120, 121 of diaphragmatic ruptures, of pneumonia, 21 23, 24 of pneumoperitoneum, of pneumothorax, Chilaiditi s syndrome, 40 Child abuse, as rib fracture cause, 120 Cholangiocarcinoma, 110, 115, Cholangiopancreatography endoscopic retrograde (ERCP), 111, 114, 115, 116, 117, 126 magnetic resonance imaging as alternative to, 10 magnetic resonance (MRCP), 111, 113, 114, 117 percutaneous transhepatic (PTC), 111, 116, 117 Cholecystectomy, 114 Cholecystitis, 46 50, 60 Choledocholithiasis, 114 Cirrhosis, 66, 69 Coffee bean sign, 38 Colic, renal, 5, Colitis, ulcerative, Collar sign, 123 Colon diverticula of, lead-pipe, 101 pseudoobstruction (Ogilvie s syndrome) of, 35, 38, 39 sigmoid apple core lesions of, 99 diverticula of, 93, 95, 96 volvulus of, 37, 38 Colon carcinoma, 36 Colon cutoff sign, 51 Colonography, computed tomography, 97, 99 Colonoscopy, 93, 99 Colorectal carcinoma, Computed tomography (CT), 8 9 of abdominal aortic aneurysms, 78, for abdominal pain evaluation, 30 adrenal tumors, 71, 73 of aortic dissection/ rupture, 122 of appendicitis, 43, 44, of Boerhaave s syndrome, 29 of bronchial carcinoma, 23 24, 26, 27 of chest trauma, 119, 120, 121 contrast-enhanced, 71, of abdominal aortic aneurysms, of abdominopelvic trauma, , 125, of ampullary carcinoma, 117 of aortic dissection, 19, of biliary duct obstruction, 111 of cholecystitis, 48, 49, 50 of colorectal carcinoma, 98 of Crohn s disease, , of diverticular disease, 95 of gallbladder carcinoma,

4 134 Index Computed tomography (cont.) of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), 89, 91 of hepatocellular carcinoma, 69, 70 of liver metastases, of liver tumors, 67 68, 69, 70 of pancreatic cancer/ tumors, 75 76, 115 of pancreatitis, 52, 53 of renal cell carcinoma, 107 of renal tract trauma, of retroperitoneal sarcoma, 77, 78 of small bowel ischemia, 55, 56 of small bowel obstruction, 31, 32, 33 of splenic trauma, of ulcerative colitis, of diaphragmatic ruptures, 123 of diverticular disease, emission (ECT), 13 of gastric carcinoma, 91 of hepatic trauma, 125 of intraabdominal fluid collections, as ionizing radiation source, 9 of large bowel obstruction, 36 of liver metastases, multislice, 9 noncontrast-enhanced, 71, 73 of aortic dissection/ rupture, of urolithiasis, 58, 59 of pancreatic trauma, 126 of peptic ulcer complications, 88 of pneumoperitoneum, of pneumothorax, 18 of pseudoobstruction (Ogilvie s syndrome), 38 of renal cell carcinoma, for renal colic evaluation, 5 of small bowel obstruction, 34 of transitional cell carcinoma, 59 of ulcerative colitis, 102 Computed tomography (CT) angiography, 6, 79 80, 81, 89 Computed tomography (CT) arteriography, hepatic, 69 Computed tomography (CT) colonography, 97, 99 Computed tomography cystography, 129 Continuous diaphragm sign, 39 Contrast medium agents gadolinium-based, 11, 68 69, 104 liver-specific, 70 for magnetic resonance imaging, 11 microbubble-based, 8 for ultrasound studies, 8 Contrast medium studies, 3 6 intravenous contrast studies, 4 6 oral contrast studies, 3 4 Contusions, pulmonary, 120 Coronary arteries, aortic dissection-related occlusion of, 20 Cottage loaf sign, 123 Crohn s disease, 62, 99, Cross-sectional imaging, 7 12 Cross-sectional studies, 7 12 Cupola sign, 40 Cystography, computed tomography, 129 Cystoscopy, for hematuria diagnosis, 108

5 Index 135 D Diaphragm, rupture of, 120, Dieulafoy lesions, 83 Diverticular disease, 60, Diverticulitis, 34, 38, Diverticulosis, 95 Doges cap sign, 39 Doppler effect, 8 Double-diaphragm sign, 17 Double-duct sign, 117 Double-halo sign, 103 Double tracking, 96 Duodenal ulcers, 60, 88 E Echocardiography, 21 Echoreflexitivity, 7 Empyema, pneumoniarelated, 22 Endoscopy, 83 84, 86 87, 93 Enteroclysis, of Meckel s diverticulum, 104, 106 Esophagitis, 84, 85 Esophagus barium studies of, 3 4 Barrett s, ruptures/tears of, 3, 27 29, 121 varices of, F Fallen lung sign, 121 Fever (pyrexia), of unknown origin, Fistulae aortoduodenal, colovesical, 96, 97 pelvic, 62 Fluid collections, intraabdominal, Fluoroscopy, 2, 3 4 Focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH), 66, 68, 69 Football sign, 40 G Gallbladder in acute cholecystitis, 47, 48 perforation of, 50 porcelain, Gallbladder carcinoma, 110, 115, Gallium-67 imaging, Gallstone ileus, 34, 48 Gallstones, 110, as biliary obstruction cause, 111 calcified, as cholecystitis cause, 47 cholesterol, 112 mixed, 112 as pancreatitis cause, 50, 52, 53 pigmented, 112 Gamma cameras, Gastric carcinoma/tumors, Gastritis, acute hemorrhagic, 86 Gastroduodenal erosions, Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), 84 Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), Gastrointestinal tract as hemorrhage site. See Hemorrhage, gastrointestinal perforated, 3 H Halo sign, Hampton line, 88 Helicobacter pylori, 87 Hemangioma, hepatic, 66, Hematoma, subcapsular, 126 Hematuria, 56, 82, Hemorrhage, gastrointestinal, hematuria, 56, 82, hepatic trauma-related, 125, 126

6 136 Index Hemorrhage (cont.) lower-tract, 82, upper-tract, Hemothorax, traumatic, 120, 121 Hepatitis, 69 Hepatocellular carcinoma, 66, 67 68, Hernia, incarcerated, 34 Hollow viscus, perforation of, Hydronephrosis, 58, 59 Hydropneumothorax, 24 I Ileitis, backwash, 99, 101 Ileus gallstone, 34, 48 paralytic, 51, 60, 64 Imaging, principles of, See also specific types of imaging Inferior vena cava, 74, 81 Inflammatory bowel disease, 62, Intraabdominal tumors adrenal tumors, liver tumors, pancreatic tumors, 66, retroperitoneal tumors, Intravenous urography (IVU), 5, 58, 59, 108, Intussusception, 104 Inverted V sign, 40 Iodine-based contrast medium, 3, 5 Ionizing radiation computed tomographyrelated, 9 X-rays-related, 2 Iopamidol, 5 Ischemia, of the small bowel, J Jaundice, 75 definition of, 110 obstructive, K Kidney, horseshoe, 81 Klatskin tumors, 116, 117 L Large bowel. See also Cecum; Colon barium studies of, 4 obstruction of, 34 38, 96 Light bulb sign, Liposarcoma, perinephric, 78 Liver, traumatic injury to, Liver tumors, Lucent liver sign, 39 Lung cancer. See Bronchial carcinoma Lymphoma, of the small bowel, 33 M Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), 6, 10, 70, 82 Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP), 111, 113, 114, 117 Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), of abdominal aortic aneurysms, 82 for abdominal pain evaluation, 30 of adrenal tumors, 71, 74 advantages and disadvantages of, 11, 12 of ampullary carcinoma, 117 of aortic dissection, 20 of benign liver lesions, of biliary duct obstruction, 111 of bronchial carcinoma, 27 contrast agents for, 11 of Crohn s disease, 104 of diaphragmatic rupture, 123

7 Index 137 of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), 89 of hepatocellular carcinoma, 70 of inflammatory bowel disease, 62 of liver metastases, of rectal carcinoma, 98, 99 of renal cell carcinoma, of retroperitoneal sarcoma, 78 Masses, intraabdominal. See Intraabdominal tumors Meckel s diverticulum, 104, Mirizzi s syndrome, 50 Mucinous carcinoma, 91 Murphy s sign, 47, 48 N Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, adverse gastric effects of, 86, 87 Nuclear medicine studies, 12 13, 84, 92, 111 O Ogilvie s syndrome (pseudoobstruction), 35, 38, 39 Oncocalyx, 59 P Pain abdominal. See Abdominal pain thoracic. See Chest pain Pancreas, traumatic injury to, 126 Pancreatic cancer/tumors, of the head of the pancreas, 110, Pancreatitis, 50 53, 60, 110 Pelvic inflammatory disease, 44, 60 Peptic ulcers, 38, 84 85, Pericardial effusions, lung cancer-related, 26, 29 Pharynx, barium studies of, 3 4 Pheochromocytoma, 73 Phleboliths, 58 Plain radiographs. See X-ray(s) Pleural effusions, 22, 26, 29, 51, 60 Pneumatocele, pneumoniarelated, 22 Pneumomediastinum, 119, 120, 121 Pneumonia, as chest pain cause, 21 23, 24 Pneumopericardium, 119 Pneumoperitoneum, 38 42, 64 Pneumothorax, 16 18, 120 Positron emission tomographycomputed tomography (PET-CT), 13 Positron emission tomography (PET), 13, 71, 74 [ 18 F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG), 27, 71 Pregnant women, acute appendicitis diagnosis in, 44 Pseudoobstruction (Ogilvie s syndrome), 35, 38, 39 Pyemia, portal, 96 R Radionuclides, 12 Rectal carcinoma, 98, 99 Rectosigmoid carcinoma, 34 Red-cell imaging, 99m technetiumlabeled, 92 Renal arteries, involvement in abdominal aortic aneurysms, 78 Renal cell carcinoma, 107, Renal tract, traumatic injury to, Retroperitoneal sarcoma, 77 78

8 138 Index Rib fractures, 120 Rigler s sign, 40 S Scintigraphy of gastrointestinal hemorrhage, 92 iminodiacetic acid (HIDA)-based, 48, 50, 111 of Meckel s diverticulum, 104 red cell-labeled, 92 white cell-labeled, Scirrhous carcinoma, 91 Sentinel loop sign, 51 Sepsis, abdominal, Single positron emission computed tomography (SPECT), 13 Small bowel barium studies of, 4 ischemia of, obstruction of, 30 34, 64 Small bowel enema (enteroclysis), 104, 106 Spleen, traumatic injury to, Stents, biliary, 115 Stomach, erosive lesions of, Stress syndrome, 86 Strictures biliary, 115 colonic, 101 diverticular, 95, 96 hilar, 117 String of beads sign, 34 Superior sulcus tumors, 24, 27 Superior vena cava, obstruction of, Super paramagnetic iron oxide, 70 T Tamponade, cardiac, 20 Target sign, Transitional cell carcinoma, 59 Trauma, abdominopelvic, 118, 120, thoracic, Trefoil deformity, 88 U Ulcers. See also Duodenal ulcers; Peptic ulcers collar button, 101 Crohn s disease-related, 103 Ultrasound, 7 8 for abdominal pain evaluation, 30 advantages and disadvantages of, 7, 8 of appendicitis, of biliary duct obstruction, of cholecystitis, 46, 50 contrast agents for, 8 of Crohn s disease, 104 of diaphragmatic ruptures, 123 Doppler, 6, 8 of gallbladder carcinoma, 117, 118 of gallstones, of hematuria, 108 of hepatic trauma, 126 of hepatocellular carcinoma, 69, 70 of intraabdominal fluid collections, 60, of liver metastases, of liver tumors, 66, 68 of pancreatic cancer/tumors, 75, 114 of pancreatitis, 50 of renal tract trauma, 128 of splenic trauma, 127 of transitional cell carcinoma, 59 Ureteric stones, 56, 58, 59 Urolithiasis, 56, 58, 59

9 Index 139 V Varices, esophageal, Venography, 6 Vertebral body fractures, 118, 119, 120 Vesico-ureteric junction calculus, 59 Volvulus cecal, sigmoid, 37, 38 W White-cell scanning, of abdominal sepsis, X X-ray(s). See also Abdominal x-rays; Chest x-rays basic principles of, 1 2 discovery of, 15 X-ray angiography, 6 X-ray contrast studies, of pneumoperitoneum, 42 X-ray swallowing studies, of Boerhaave s syndrome, 28, 29 Z Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, 88