Cell Growth and Reproduction
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1 Cell Growth and Reproduction
2 Cell Size Limitations 1. Diffusion limits cell size Slow and inefficient over large areas 2. DNA limits cell size Limit to how quickly DNA can be read Limit to # of proteins built / period of time 3. Surface area to volume ratio limits cell size Volume increases faster than surface area Requires more nutrients, get rid of more wastes but through a relatively smaller surface area it is more difficult for things to get in and out!
3 Question Which of these has the best ratio of surface to cell volume?
4 Cell Reproduction All cells in the world today come from preexisting cells. (Cell Theory) How does this happen? The Cell Cycle
5 Can You Memorize This Word? InProMATeC
6 Steps of the Cell Cycle
7 The Cell Cycle Interphase G1: Growth S: Copy the DNA... G2: Growth Mitosis Process which forms two daughter cells.
8 Interphase The Cell Cycle Normal time Cells spend MOST of their time in this phase Plant Cell Animal Cell
9 Steps of Mitosis
10 Chromosomes form Step 1: Prophase
11 Chromosomes DNA when it is tightly packed. Chromosomes appear just before a cell reproduces. (normally around as chromatin) Chromatin: Is simply a mass of genetic material composed of proteins and DNA. It must condense to form the chromosome
12 Prophase: Details Two halves called sister chromatids Center region called centromere Nucleus disappears Centrioles migrate to opposite poles Spindle fibers made of microtubules form between centrioles
13 Step 2: Metaphase Chromosomes line up
14 Metaphase: Details Chromosomes attached to spindle fibers at centromeres Pulled to middle (equator) by spindle fibers Each sister chromatid has own fiber
15 Step 3: Anaphase Chromosomes begin to pull apart
16 Step 4: Telophase Chromosomes at opposite ends
17 Telophase: Details Reverse of Prophase Nucleus reforms Chromosomes unwind into Chromatin Spindle breaks down Nucleolus reappears
18 Step 5 Cytokinesis Cell splits into two cells.
19 All Together Now
20 The Cell Cycle G1 S G2 INTERPHASE PROPHASE METAPHASE ANAPHASE TELOPHASE CYTOKENISIS MITOSIS
21 Results of Mitosis Allows for multicellular organisms Cells tissues organs organ systems organisms
22 Animation
23 Another
24 One More
25 Control of the Cell Cycle
26 Normal Control Proteins called Cyclins interact with enzymes to become activated These proteins control the cell cycle
27 Cancer: Uncontrolled Cell Growth Cancer malignant growth resulting from uncontrolled cell division. Change in one or more genes that produce Cyclins Cancerous cells form masses of called tumors 2 nd leading cause of death in US Affects any tissue in body
28 Causes of Cancer Environmental Conditions (carcinogens) Affect Genes: segment of DNA responsible for production of a protein Failure to produce enzymes Overproduction of enzymes Viral Infection
29 Some of the Many Cancers Caused By Smoking
30 Encyclopedia of Cancer by R.N. Tamara L. Brown Some Cancers Associated With Smoking Cigarettes 1. Lung Cancer 2. Head and Neck Cancer 3. Mouth Cancer 4. Esophageal Cancer and Throat Cancer 5. Pancreatic Cancer 6. Colorectal Cancer 7. Stomach Cancer 8. Bladder Cancer 9. Cervical Cancer 10. Breast Cancer 11. Colorectal Cancer 12. Kidney Cancer 13. Myeloid Leukemia 14. Liver cancer
31 Chemicals Included In Tobacco Smoke
32
33 Cancer Prevention Diets low in fat and high in fiber content Vitamins and minerals may also prevent cancer Daily exercise and controlling environmental conditions help as well. DON T SMOKE!
34 Assignments
35 Assignment 1 Create a public service announcement about the dangers of smoking. Your audience can be adults, teenagers or young children. This can be a pamphlet, a power point, digital video, audio announcement, a webpage. We will publish your announcement online if you choose to use a digital format. Make sure all of your content is appropriate for public viewing. Additionally I strongly suggest that you submit your PSA to the Arizona Student Film Festival anti-tobacco PSA competition. Your video & audio PSAs should not exceed 2 minutes in length, however if you intend to submit to the film festival competition they should not exceed 30 seconds. azstudentfilmfestival.com/contestinfo.htm You must use one to three sources minimum and you must CITE all your sources. Make sure everything is in your OWN words. You must also cite all music and images you use. If you intend to submit your film to the film contest you need to have either created all of the images and music you use or have written permission from the owners of the materials and music you use. You may work alone or in groups of two depending on the type of project you select. Due Thursday November 11th
36 Sample PSAs Here are some student produced public service announcement videos done by Mrs. Robson s students. Little Lost Lives by Brittany McCarthy Do You Have Time? by Bob Bingham and Taylor Goelz Cool Jim by Robert Futch Priceless by Jonathan McCurdy Do You Smoke? by Brian Folkers Choices by Kimberly Davies Public Service Announcement by Lauren Stockert The Truth On Cigarettes by Krista DeRosa
37 Additional Sample PSAs Here are some student produced public service announcement videos done at other schools. Ashes (2.3MB) Chew Off a Lip (1.9MB) Disappear (1.4MB) Grave Future (5.6MB) Hole in Pocket (6.9MB) In Your Brain (3.0MB) Party Killer (3.2MB) Smoking Blows (5.1MB) Walking on the Sun (1.5MB) Yum! (5.5MB) Here are some student produced public service announcement radio spots done at other schools. Track 1 (MP3, 447KB) Track 2 (MP3, 419KB)
38 Even more sample PSAs NFL Football player Darrell Green did several Public Service Announcement video and audio spots with young children. Here are some links: Video Spot #1 -- Listen to Your Kids Video Spot #2 -- Kids Know Video Spot #3 -- Secondhand Smoke Video Spot #4 -- Score by Quitting Audio Spot #1 -- Kids Know What Smoking Can Do Audio Spot #2 -- It's Never Too Late to Quit
39 Assignment 2 Create an animation of mitosis / the cell cycle. It can be a flip book on paper or a digital animation that we can put online to share with others You may work alone or in groups of two, depending on the type of project you select. DUE 1 week
40 Requirements for Assignment 2 ALL steps must be clearly illustrated Appropriate detail must be shown Text explaining scene should be shown Labels are used & accurate Neat & attractive Take pride in your work!
41 Sample Cell Cycle Animation
42 More Cell Cycle Animations These are more animations done by my students in the past. A Close Look at Mitosis by Robert Futch (claymation video) Mitosis The Cell Cycle by Martha Harrison and Jamie Lines (narrated video) Mitosis Animation by Kristyn Merbeth (video) Mitosis Animation by Justin Contreras (video) The Cell Cycle - by Makena Welton (powerpoint) Mitosis by Alex Montimy (powerpoint)
43 Sample Mitosis Animation Note: While nicely done, what is this lacking?
44 Resources GIF Editor: Pivot Stickfigure Editor: (make sure you export to gif!!) Windows Movie Maker (make sure you export it to an avi file!!)
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