Expression of UGT1A and UGT2B mrna in human normal tissues and various cell lines
|
|
- Alexandra Long
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 DMD This Fast article Forward. has not been Published copyedited and on formatted. May 14, The 2008 final as version doi: /dmd may differ from this version. Expression of UGT1A and UGT2B mrna in human normal tissues and various cell lines Akiko Nakamura, Miki Nakajima, Hiroyuki Yamanaka, Ryoichi Fujiwara, and Tsuyoshi Yokoi Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan 1 Copyright 2008 by the American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics.
2 Running title: Human UGTs mrna expression in tissues and cell lines To whom all correspondence should be sent: Miki Nakajima, Ph.D., Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate School of Medical Science Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa , Japan Tel / Fax This manuscript consists of 11 pages of text, 1 table, 2 figures, and 15 references. Abstracts: 213 words Introduction: 357 words Discussion: 861 words 1 Abbreviations used are: GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; RT-PCR, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction; UGT, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase. 2
3 Abstract UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) are major phase II drug metabolism enzymes that catalyze the glucuronidation of numerous endogenous and exogenous compounds. UGTs are divided into two families, UGT1 and UGT2, based on evolutionary divergence and homology. Nine UGT1A and seven UGT2B functional isoforms have been identified in human. Glucuronidation occurs mainly in liver, but also in various extrahepatic tissues, possibly affecting the pharmacokinetics. In the present study, we comprehensively determined the expression of all functional UGT1A and UGT2B isoforms in normal human tissues including liver, lung, stomach, small intestine, colon, kidney, bladder adrenal gland, breast, ovary, uterus, and testis by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. In addition, the expressions of these UGTs mrna in 15 kinds of human tissue-derived cell lines were also analyzed. Many UGT isoforms were abundantly expressed in the liver, gastrointestinal tract and kidney supporting previous studies. Interestingly, we found that all UGTs except UGT2B17 were expressed in bladder. In steroid-related tissues, UGTs were expressed in tissue- and isoform-specific manners. Expression profiles in human tissue-derived cell lines were not necessarily consistent with those in corresponding normal tissues. Different expression profiles were observed in distinct cell lines derived from the same organ. The information presented here will be helpful for understanding the glucuronidation in various tissues and for choosing appropriate cell lines for in vitro studies. 3
4 Introduction UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) are major phase II drug metabolism enzymes in human (Tukey and Strassburg, 2000). UGTs catalyze the glucuronidation of numerous endogenous compounds such as bilirubin, bile acids, thyroid hormone, and steroid hormones as well as substantial exogenous substrates including therapeutic drugs, carcinogens and environmental pollutants. Currently, 19 UGT proteins have been identified in human, and they are divided into three subfamilies, UGT1A, 2A, and 2B, based on evolutionary divergence and homology (Mackenzie et al., 2005). The human UGT1A gene cluster located on chromosome 2q37 contains multiple unique first exons for each UGT1A and common exons 2 to 5 (Ritter et al., 1992), encoding nine kinds of the functional UGT1A subfamily. The UGT2A and UGT2B genes are located on chromosome 4q13, encoding three and seven functional proteins, respectively. The UGT2A1 and UGT2A2 are formed by differential splicing of variable first exons and common exons 2 to 6, likely the UGT1A gene. Meanwhile, UGT2A3 and each UGT2B isoform are encoded by individual genes. Until now, the clinical significance of UGT2A protein remains to be clarified. In contrast, it is well known that UGT1A and UGT2B play important roles in the glucuronidation of a variety of endogenous and exogenous compounds. The liver plays a central role in metabolism including glucuronidation. Additionally, extrahepatic tissues such as the gastrointestinal tract and kidney also have a role in metabolism (Soars et al., 2002). The distribution of UGT expression in human tissues has been studied mainly in the liver and gastrointestinal tract (Strassburg et al., 2000; Tukey and Strassburg, 2000). In contrast, the expression in other extrahepatic tissues has not fully been studied. Human tissue-derived cell lines are used as a tool for in vitro drug metabolism studies or induction studies. Hepatoma HepG2 cells and adenocarcinoma Caco-2 cells are frequently used, and the expression of selected UGT isoforms in these cell lines has been reported. However, no study determined the expression of all UGT isoforms in the cell lines. Furthermore, information concerning UGT expression in other cell lines is limited. In the present study, we comprehensively determined the expression of all human UGT isoforms in various normal 4
5 tissues and human tissue-derived cell lines. Materials and Methods Cell lines and culture condition HepG2 (hepatocellular carcinoma), Caco-2 (colorectal adenocarcinoma), LS180 (colorectal adenocarcinoma), HEK293 (embryonic kidney), ACHN (renal cell adenocarcinoma), HK-2 (renal proximal tubule cell), SW13 (adrenocortical adenocarcinoma), H295R (adrenocortical adenocarcinoma), MDA-MB-435 (breast ductal carcinoma) and MCF-7 (breast epithelial adenocarcinoma) cells were obtained from American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA). HuH7 (hepatocellular carcinoma), HeLa (adenocarcinoma of the cervix of uterus) and OMC-3 (ovarian mucinous cystadenocarcinoma) cells were obtained from RIKEN BioResource Center (Ibaraki, Japan). HLE cells (hepatocellular carcinoma) were obtained from the Japan Collection of Research Biosources (Tokyo, Japan). Ishikawa (endometrial adenocarcinoma) cells were generous gifts from Dr. Masato Nishida, Tsukuba University (Ibaraki, Japan). HLE, HuH7, SW13, MDA-MB-435, HeLa and Ishikawa cells were cultured in DMEM (Nissui Pharmaceutical, Tokyo, Japan) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA). HepG2, Caco-2, LS180, ACHN and MCF-7 cells were cultured in DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS (Invitrogen) and 0.1 mm nonessential amino acids (Invitrogen). HEK293 cells were cultured in DMEM supplemented with 4.5 g/l glucose, 10 mm HEPES, and 10% FBS (Invitrogen). OMC-3 cells were cultured in Ham s F12 medium with 10% FBS (Bio Whittaker, Walkersville, MD). HK-2 and H295R cells were cultured in DMEM/Ham s F12 supplemented with 10% FBS (Invitrogen), 6.7 µg/l sodium selenite, 10 mg/l insulin and 5.5 mg/l transferring (ITS-G) (Invitrogen). These cells were maintained at 37 C under an atmosphere of 5% CO 2-95% air. Total RNA from normal human tissues and cell lines 5
6 Total RNA samples from human normal tissues were purchased from Stratagene (La Jolla, CA) (liver, colon, kidney, bladder, breast, ovary, and uterus), Clontech (Palo Alto, CA) (stomach, small intestine, adrenal gland, and testis), and Cell Applications (San Diego, CA) (lung). The liver sample was from a single donor, a 45-year-old male. The breast sample was pooled tissues from two female donors, a 39- and a 49-year-old. The colon sample was pooled tissues from two female donors, a 62- and a 67-year-old. The kidney (a 56-year-old male), lung (a 40-year-old male), ovary (a 73-year-old female), and stomach (a 50-year-old male) samples were from single donors. The bladder sample was pooled tissues from two female donors, a 24- and a 42-year-old. The uterus sample was pooled tissues from three female donors, a 54-, 68-, and 76-year-old. The testis sample was pooled tissues from 45 Caucasians, aged The small intestine sample was pooled tissues from 5 male/female Caucasians, aged The adrenal gland sample was pooled tissues from 62 male/female Caucasians, aged Information concerning smoking or medication of the donors was not available. Total RNA from each cell line was extracted using ISOGEN (Invitrogen). RT-PCR Analyses The cdna was synthesized from total RNA using ReverTra Ace (TOYOBO, Osaka Japan) according to the manufacturer s protocol. A 1-µl portion of the reverse-transcribed mixture was added to PCR mixtures (25 µl) consisting of 1 PCR buffer [67 mm Tris-HCl buffer (ph 8.8), 16.6 mm (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4, 0.45% Triton X-100, 0.02% gelatin], 1.5 mm MgCl 2, 0.4 µm primers, 250 µm dntps, and 1 U of Taq DNA polymerase (Greiner Japan, Tokyo, Japan). After an initial denaturation at 94 C for 3 min, the amplification was performed by denaturation at 94 C for 30 s, annealing at an appropriate temperature for 30 s and extension at 72 C for 30 sec for 35 cycles. The final extension step was performed at 72 C for 5 min. The sequences of primers used in the present study and the annealing temperatures are shown in Table 1. The PCR products (15 µl) were analyzed by electrophoresis with 2% agarose gel and visualized by ethidium bromide staining. The specificity of all primer pairs (Supplemental Fig. 1) was confirmed by digestion of the PCR products with appropriate restriction enzymes. Expression 6
7 of GAPDH mrna was used as an internal control for the cdna quantity and quality. Results UGT mrna expression in human normal tissues RT-PCR analyses were performed to determine the mrna expression of the UGT isoforms in human normal tissues (Fig. 1). UGT1A1 was highly expressed in liver, gastrointestinal tract, and bladder. UGT1A3 was expressed in a similar pattern to that of UGT1A1. Expression of UGT1A4 was widely observed in all tissues except breast. It was highest in liver and moderate in gastrointestinal tract, kidney, bladder and ovary. UGT1A5 was expressed in gastrointestinal tract, kidney, bladder, and uterus, and was marginally detected in the other tissues. UGT1A6 was expressed in liver, gastrointestinal tract, kidney, and bladder. UGT1A7 and UGT1A8 were detected in small intestine, colon, kidney and bladder. UGT1A9 was highly expressed in liver and kidney, and marginally in small intestine, colon, bladder, and testis. UGT1A10 was mainly expressed in gastrointestinal tract and bladder, and marginally expressed in liver, kidney, ovary, and uterus. UGT2B4 was highly expressed in liver, moderately in breast, and marginally in the other tissues. UGT2B7 was expressed in all tissues, highly in liver, small intestine, colon, kidney, bladder, and uterus. UGT2B10 was highly expressed in liver and bladder. UGT2B11 was highly expressed in liver, bladder, and breast, and moderately in kidney and uterus. UGT2B15 was highly expressed in liver, gastrointestinal tract, bladder, breast, ovary, and testis. UGT2B17 was highly expressed in liver, stomach, colon, and testis. UGT2B28 was highly expressed in bladder, and marginally in liver, stomach, and breast. UGT mrna expression in human tissue-derived cell lines The expression of UGT mrna in various human tissue-derived cell lines is shown in Fig. 2. UGT1A1 was highly expressed in HepG2, HuH7, Caco-2, LS180, MCF-7, and OMC-3 cells, and marginally in HK-2, H295R, MDA-MB-435 and HeLa cells. UGT1A3 was detected in HepG2, HLE, HuH7, Caco-2, LS180, MCF-7, and OMC-3 cells. The expression profile of 7
8 UGT1A4 was similar to that of UGT1A1. UGT1A5 was highly expressed in LS180, MDA-MB-435, MCF-7, and OMC-3 cells. UGT1A6 was detected in HepG2, HuH7, HK-2, Caco-2, LS180, H295R, MCF-7, HeLa, Ishikawa, and OMC-3 cells. The expression profiles of UGT1A7 and UGT1A9 were nearly identical to that of UGT1A6. UGT1A8 was highly expressed in LS180, H295R, MDA-MB-435, MCF-7, and OMC-3 cells. UGT1A10 was highly expressed in LS180 and MCF-7 cells, followed by H295R, MDA-MB-435, HuH7, and OMC-3 cells. UGT2B4 was highly expressed in HepG2 and HuH7, followed by H295R, LS180, Caco-2, and HK-2 cells. UGT2B7 was expressed in all cell lines. UGT2B10 was highly expressed in HepG2, LS180, and MDA-MB-435 cells. UGT2B11 was highly expressed in HepG2, HuH7, HK-2, Caco-2, LS180, and OMC-3 cells. UGT2B15 was highly expressed in HepG2, HuH7, Caco-2, LS180, MCF-7, and OMC-3 cells. The UGT2B17 mrna was highly expressed in HepG2, LS180, MCF-7, and Ishikawa cells. UGT2B28 was expressed only in HepG2 cells. Discussion We determined the expression levels of the functional UGT1A and UGT2B isoforms in human normal tissues and human tissue-derived cell lines. Because of the limited availability of antibodies that are specific for each UGT isoform as well as overlapping substrate specificities, it was difficult to evaluate the protein level. In contrast, the mrna levels for each isoform can be specifically determined by RT-PCR using specific primers. For this reason, we determined the UGT mrna levels. The expression profiles of the UGT1A and UGT2B isoforms in liver, gastrointestinal tract, and kidney were largely consistent with those of previous studies (Tukey and Strassburg, 2000; King et al., 2000). The UGTs in these tissues would contribute to the first-pass effects and clearance of drugs, as a previous study (Soars et al., 2002) demonstrated that the microsomes from these tissues had certain abilities of glucuronidation. In disagreement with previous studies (Ritter et al., 1992, Tukey and Strassburg, 2000), the present study detected the expression of UGT1A1 in kidney and UGT1A10 in liver, although the levels were extremely low (Fig. 1). This discrepancy may be due to interindividual differences in the UGT expression. 8
9 Additionally, differences in the experimental conditions in PCR and/or the primers between the present and previous studies may also have affected the results. This is the first study to determine comprehensively the mrna expression of each UGT isoform in human lung, bladder, and steroid-related tissues. The UGTs were hardly expressed in lung in this study. Meanwhile, all UGT1A and UGT2B isoforms except UGT2B17 were expressed in bladder. Giuliani et al. (2005) have reported that UGT1A protein was detected in normal bladder by immunohistochemistry. Since the bladder is exposed to numerous xenobiotics, UGTs expressed in bladder would also contribute to the detoxification of xenobiotics, possibly participating in the protection from toxins. Our finding of the substantial expression of UGTs in bladder may provoke researchers to investigate the glucuronidation capabilities of bladder microsomes. We found that the UGTs were also expressed in steroid-related tissues in isoform-specific manners. However, the present study unfortunately could not determine the interindividual variability of the expression levels of UGTs, because the RNA samples we used were from an individual or pooled samples. Strassburg et al. (2000) reported that the UGT1A and UGT2B isoforms were present in gastrointestinal tissues from some individuals but were absent in those from other individuals. The interindividual differences in the expression may partly result from genetic polymorphisms, because genetic polymorphisms on the promoter or coding region affect the transcriptional activity or mrna stability. Actually, in the UGT2B17 gene, a deletion allele has been reported (Wilson et al., 2004). Although we did not determine the genotype of UGT2B17 in our samples, polymorphisms may affect the variability of UGT2B17 expression. In addition to genetic polymorphisms, the induction by environmental and/or dietary factors or differences in the levels of transcriptional factors would be causal factors of the variability of the UGTs expression. It would be worth elucidating the interindividual variability in UGT expression in steroid-related tissues and bladder. Finally, previous immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that UGTs localize in certain cell type or specific region in tissues such as small intestine (Strassburg et al., 2000), kidney (Gaganis et al., 2007), bladder (Giuliani et al., 2005), and breast (Gestl et al., 2002), and uterus (Lépine et al., 2004). However, the studies with total 9
10 RNA from whole tissue cannot specify the expression in specific cell type. We should keep this point in mind to predict or extrapolate the role of the expressed UGTs on metabolism of drugs, carcinogens, and endogenous compounds. The expression profiles of UGT mrna in the human tissue-derived cell lines were not necessarily consistent with those in corresponding normal tissues. HLE cells showed no detectable UGT1A expression, albeit they are derived from liver. Although the reasons remain to be clarified, HLE cells would not be suitable for the study of UGT1A expression. In LS180 cells that are derived from colon, all UGT1A and UGT2B isoforms except for UGT2B28 were expressed. This cell line might be an appropriate tool for in vitro studies of the expression and regulation of UGTs. It was interesting that MCF-7 cells, which are estrogen receptor-positive (Guthrie et al., 1997) breast epithelial adenocarcinoma cells, expressed all UGT1A isoforms, but MDA-MB-435 cells, which are estrogen receptor-negative (Guthrie et al., 1997) breast ductal carcinoma cells, expressed limited kinds of UGT1A isoforms. It was also interesting that the expression levels of UGT2B7 and UGT2B10 were higher in MDA-MB-435 cells than in MCF-7 cells, but those of UGT2B15 and UGT2B17 were higher in MCF-7 cells than in MDA-MB-435 cells. Collectively, the expression profiles of UGT mrna in the cell lines show diversity although the derived organs were the same. The information presented here would be useful for choosing suitable cell lines for in vitro studies on UGTs. In summary, we comprehensively determined the expression profiles of UGT1A and UGT2B in human normal tissues and human tissue-derived cell lines. The findings will be useful for understanding the physiological significance of each UGT isoform and to predict the capabilities of glucuronidation in various tissues. In addition, our results provide basic information on UGT expression in various kinds of cell lines. Acknowledgements We acknowledge Brent Bell for reviewing the manuscript. 10
11 References Congiu M, Mashford ML, Slavin JL, and Desmond PV (2002) UDP glucuronosyltranferase mrna levels in human liver disease. Drug Metab Dispos 30: Gaganis P, Miners JO, Brennan JS, Thomas A, and Knights KM (2007) Human renal cortical and medullary UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs): immunohistochemical localization of UGT2B7 and UGT1A enzymes and kinetic characterization of S-naproxen glucuronidation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 323: Gestl SA, Green MD, Shearer DA, Frauenhoffer E, Tephly TR, and Weisz J (2002) Expression of UGT2B7, a UDP-glucuronosyltransferase implicated in the metabolism of 4-hydroxyestrone and all-trans retinoic acid, in normal human breast parenchyma and in invasive and in situ breast cancers. Am J Pathol 160: Gardner-Stephen D, Heydel JM, Goyal A, Lu Y, Xie W, Lindblom T, Mackenzie P, and Radominska-Pandya A (2004) Human PXR variants and their differential effects on the regulation of human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase gene expression. Drug Metab Dispos 32: Giuliani L, Ciotti M, Stoppacciaro A, Pasquini A, Silvestri I, De Matteis A, Frati L, and Agliano AM (2005) UDP-glucuronosyltransferases 1A expression in human urinary bladder and colon cancer by immunohistochemistry. Oncol Rep 13: Guthrie N, Gapor A, Chambers AF, and Carroll KK (1997) Inhibition of proliferation of estrogen receptor-negative MDA-MB-435 and -positive MCF-7 human breast cancer cells by palm oil tocotrienols and tamoxifen, alone and in combination. J Nutri 127:544S-548S. King CD, Rios GR, Green MD, and Tephly TR (2000) UDP-glucuronosyltransferases. Curr Drug Metab 1: Lépine J, Bernard O, Plante M, Têtu B, Pelletier G, Labrie F, Bélanger A, and Guillemette C (2004) Specificity and regioselectivity of the conjugation of estradiol, estrone, and their catecholestrogen and methoxyestrogen metabolites by human uridine diphospho-glucuronosyltransferases expressed in endometrium. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 89:
12 Mackenzie PI, Bock KW, Burchell B, Guillemette C, Ikushiro S, Iyanagi T, Miners JO, Owens IS, and Nebert DW (2005) Nomenclature update for the mammalian UDP glycosyltransferase (UGT) gene superfamily. Pharmacogenet Genomics 15: Ritter JK, Chen F, Sheen YY, Tran HM, Kimura S, Yeatman MT, and Owens IS (1992) A novel complex locus UGT1 encodes human bilirubin, phenol, and other UDP-glucuronosyltransferase isozymes with identical carboxyl termini. J Biol Chem 267: Soars MG, Burchell B, and Riley RJ (2002) In vitro analysis of human drug glucuronidation and prediction of in vivo metabolic clearance. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 301: Strassburg CP, Kneip S, Topp J, Obermayer-Straub P, Barut A, Tukey RH, and Manns MP (2000) Polymorphic gene regulation and interindividual variation of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity in human small intestine. J Biol Chem 275: Tsuchiya Y, Nakajima M, Kyo S, Kanaya T, Inoue M, and Yokoi T (2004) Human CYP1B1 is regulated by estradiol via estrogen receptor. Cancer Res 64: Tukey RH and Strassburg CP (2000) Human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases: metabolism, expression, and disease. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 40: Wilson W III, Pardo-Manuel de Villena F, Lyn-Cook BD, Chatterjee PK, Bell TA, Detwiler DA, Gilmore RC, Valladeras IC, Wright CC, Threadgill DW, and Grant DJ (2004) Characterization of a common deletion polymorphism of the UGT2B17 gene linked to UGT2B15. Genomics 84:
13 Figure legends Fig. 1. RT-PCR analyses of UGTs mrna in human normal tissues. Total RNA samples from human normal tissues were analyzed by RT-PCR using primers specific for each UGT isoform. Fig. 2. RT-PCR analyses of UGTs mrna in human tissue-derived cell lines. Total RNA samples from various cell lines were analyzed by RT-PCR using primers specific for each UGT isoform. 13
14 Table 1. Sequences of primers and annealing temperatures used for RT-PCR analyses. Target Primer Sequence Position a temperature Annealing ( C) UGT1A1 1A1-S 5 -CCT TGC CTC AGA ATT CCT TC A-AS 5 -ATT GAT CCC AAA GAG AAA ACC AC UGT1A3 1A3-S 5 -TGT TGA ACA ATA TGT CTT TGG TCT A-AS 5 -ATT GAT CCC AAA GAG AAA ACC AC UGT1A4 1A4-S b 5 -ACG CTG GGC TAC ACT CAA GG A4-AS 5 -TCT GAA TTG GTC GTT AGT AAC T UGT1A5 1A5-S 5 -ACA ATA TGT CTT TGA TCA TA A5-AS 5 -AGA AAC AGC ATG GCA AAG UGT1A6 1A6-S 5 -AGA GAA TTT CTG CAG GGG TTT T A6-AS 5 -TTG GAT TCT TTC AAA AGC UGT1A7 1A7-S c 5 -TGG CTC GTG CAG GGT GGA CTG A7-AS c 5 -TTC GCA ATG GTG CCG TCC AGC UGT1A8 1A8-S 5 -GGT CTT CGC CAG GGG AAT AG A-AS 5 -ATT GAT CCC AAA GAG AAA ACC AC UGT1A9 1A9-S 5 -GAA CAT TTA TTA TGC CAC CG A-AS 5 -ATT GAT CCC AAA GAG AAA ACC AC UGT1A10 1A10-S 5 -CTC TTT CCT ATG TCC CCA ATG A A-AS 5 -ATT GAT CCC AAA GAG AAA ACC AC UGT2B4 2B4-S 5 -CAT CTT CAG CTT CCA TTT C B4-AS 5 -TCC TTA CAG AAC TTT CTA AG UGT2B7 2B7-S b 5 -AGT TGG AGA ATT TCA TCA TGC AAC AGA B-AS-1 b 5 -TCA GCC AGC AGC TCA CCA CAG GG UGT2B10 2B10-S b 5 -TGA CAT CGT TTT TGC AGA TGC TTA B-AS-2 b 5 -CAG GTA CAT AGG AAG GAG GGA A UGT2B11 2B11-S 5 -CTT CCA TTC TTT TTG ATC CCA ATG AT B11-AS 5 -GGA GAC TGT ACA CAA ACC UGT2B15 2B15-S b 5 -GTG TTG GGA ATA TTA TGA CTA CAG TAA C B-AS-1 b 5 -TCA GCC AGC AGC TCA CCA CAG GG UGT2B17 2B17-S b 5 -GTG TTG GGA ATA TTC TGA CTA TAA TAT A B-AS-2 b 5 -CAG GTA CAT AGG AAG GAG GGA A UGT2B28 2B28-S b 5 -ATC CCA ATG ACG CAT TCA CTC TTA AAC TC B-AS-2 b 5 -CAG GTA CAT AGG AAG GAG GGA A GAPDH hgapdh-s d 5 -CCA GGG CTG CTT TTA ACT C hgapdh-as d 5 -GCT CCC CCC TGC AAA TGA a Nucleotide position on cdna when the A in the initiation codon is 1. b From Congiu et al. (2002). c From Gardner-Stephen et al. (2004). d From Tsuchiya et al. (2004). 14
15
16
Short Communication Expression of UGT1A and UGT2B mrna in Human Normal Tissues and Various Cell Lines S
Supplemental material to this article can be found at: http://dmd.aspetjournals.org/content/suppl/2008/05/14/dmd.108.021428.dc1 0090-9556/08/3608-1461 1464$20.00 DRUG METABOLISM AND DISPOSITION Vol. 36,
More informationSupplementary Table 3. 3 UTR primer sequences. Primer sequences used to amplify and clone the 3 UTR of each indicated gene are listed.
Supplemental Figure 1. DLKI-DIO3 mirna/mrna complementarity. Complementarity between the indicated DLK1-DIO3 cluster mirnas and the UTR of SOX2, SOX9, HIF1A, ZEB1, ZEB2, STAT3 and CDH1with mirsvr and PhastCons
More informationc Tuj1(-) apoptotic live 1 DIV 2 DIV 1 DIV 2 DIV Tuj1(+) Tuj1/GFP/DAPI Tuj1 DAPI GFP
Supplementary Figure 1 Establishment of the gain- and loss-of-function experiments and cell survival assays. a Relative expression of mature mir-484 30 20 10 0 **** **** NCP mir- 484P NCP mir- 484P b Relative
More informationSupplementary Document
Supplementary Document 1. Supplementary Table legends 2. Supplementary Figure legends 3. Supplementary Tables 4. Supplementary Figures 5. Supplementary References 1. Supplementary Table legends Suppl.
More informationSupplementary Appendix
Supplementary Appendix This appendix has been provided by the authors to give readers additional information about their work. Supplement to: Sherman SI, Wirth LJ, Droz J-P, et al. Motesanib diphosphate
More informationa) Primary cultures derived from the pancreas of an 11-week-old Pdx1-Cre; K-MADM-p53
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Supplementary Figure 1. Induction of p53 LOH by MADM. a) Primary cultures derived from the pancreas of an 11-week-old Pdx1-Cre; K-MADM-p53 mouse revealed increased p53 KO/KO (green,
More informationSupplemental Data. Shin et al. Plant Cell. (2012) /tpc YFP N
MYC YFP N PIF5 YFP C N-TIC TIC Supplemental Data. Shin et al. Plant Cell. ()..5/tpc..95 Supplemental Figure. TIC interacts with MYC in the nucleus. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay using
More informationAbbreviations: P- paraffin-embedded section; C, cryosection; Bio-SA, biotin-streptavidin-conjugated fluorescein amplification.
Supplementary Table 1. Sequence of primers for real time PCR. Gene Forward primer Reverse primer S25 5 -GTG GTC CAC ACT ACT CTC TGA GTT TC-3 5 - GAC TTT CCG GCA TCC TTC TTC-3 Mafa cds 5 -CTT CAG CAA GGA
More informationNature Structural & Molecular Biology: doi: /nsmb Supplementary Figure 1
Supplementary Figure 1 U1 inhibition causes a shift of RNA-seq reads from exons to introns. (a) Evidence for the high purity of 4-shU-labeled RNAs used for RNA-seq. HeLa cells transfected with control
More informationCitation for published version (APA): Oosterveer, M. H. (2009). Control of metabolic flux by nutrient sensors Groningen: s.n.
University of Groningen Control of metabolic flux by nutrient sensors Oosterveer, Maaike IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from it.
More informationFigure S1. Analysis of genomic and cdna sequences of the targeted regions in WT-KI and
Figure S1. Analysis of genomic and sequences of the targeted regions in and indicated mutant KI cells, with WT and corresponding mutant sequences underlined. (A) cells; (B) K21E-KI cells; (C) D33A-KI cells;
More informationSupplementary Figure 1 a
Supplementary Figure a Normalized expression/tbp (A.U.).6... Trip-br transcripts Trans Trans Trans b..5. Trip-br Ctrl LPS Normalized expression/tbp (A.U.) c Trip-br transcripts. adipocytes.... Trans Trans
More informationSupplementary Materials
Supplementary Materials 1 Supplementary Table 1. List of primers used for quantitative PCR analysis. Gene name Gene symbol Accession IDs Sequence range Product Primer sequences size (bp) β-actin Actb gi
More informationSupplementary Figure 1 MicroRNA expression in human synovial fibroblasts from different locations. MicroRNA, which were identified by RNAseq as most
Supplementary Figure 1 MicroRNA expression in human synovial fibroblasts from different locations. MicroRNA, which were identified by RNAseq as most differentially expressed between human synovial fibroblasts
More informationSupplementary Figure 1. ROS induces rapid Sod1 nuclear localization in a dosagedependent manner. WT yeast cells (SZy1051) were treated with 4NQO at
Supplementary Figure 1. ROS induces rapid Sod1 nuclear localization in a dosagedependent manner. WT yeast cells (SZy1051) were treated with 4NQO at different concentrations for 30 min and analyzed for
More informationCD31 5'-AGA GAC GGT CTT GTC GCA GT-3' 5 ' -TAC TGG GCT TCG AGA GCA GT-3'
Table S1. The primer sets used for real-time RT-PCR analysis. Gene Forward Reverse VEGF PDGFB TGF-β MCP-1 5'-GTT GCA GCA TGA ATC TGA GG-3' 5'-GGA GAC TCT TCG AGG AGC ACT T-3' 5'-GAA TCA GGC ATC GAG AGA
More informationSupplementary Table 2. Conserved regulatory elements in the promoters of CD36.
Supplementary Table 1. RT-qPCR primers for CD3, PPARg and CEBP. Assay Forward Primer Reverse Primer 1A CAT TTG TGG CCT TGT GCT CTT TGA TGA GTC ACA GAA AGA ATC AAT TC 1B AGG AAA TGA ACT GAT GAG TCA CAG
More informationSupplementary Figures
Supplementary Figures Supplementary Figure 1. H3F3B expression in lung cancer. a. Comparison of H3F3B expression in relapsed and non-relapsed lung cancer patients. b. Prognosis of two groups of lung cancer
More informationTable S1. Oligonucleotides used for the in-house RT-PCR assays targeting the M, H7 or N9. Assay (s) Target Name Sequence (5 3 ) Comments
SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION 2 3 Table S. Oligonucleotides used for the in-house RT-PCR assays targeting the M, H7 or N9 genes. Assay (s) Target Name Sequence (5 3 ) Comments CDC M InfA Forward (NS), CDC M
More informationToluidin-Staining of mast cells Ear tissue was fixed with Carnoy (60% ethanol, 30% chloroform, 10% acetic acid) overnight at 4 C, afterwards
Toluidin-Staining of mast cells Ear tissue was fixed with Carnoy (60% ethanol, 30% chloroform, 10% acetic acid) overnight at 4 C, afterwards incubated in 100 % ethanol overnight at 4 C and embedded in
More informationBIOLOGY 621 Identification of the Snorks
Name: Date: Block: BIOLOGY 621 Identification of the Snorks INTRODUCTION: In this simulation activity, you will examine the DNA sequence of a fictitious organism - the Snork. Snorks were discovered on
More informationAstaxanthin prevents and reverses diet-induced insulin resistance and. steatohepatitis in mice: A comparison with vitamin E
Supplementary Information Astaxanthin prevents and reverses diet-induced insulin resistance and steatohepatitis in mice: A comparison with vitamin E Yinhua Ni, 1,2 Mayumi Nagashimada, 1 Fen Zhuge, 1 Lili
More informationA smart acid nanosystem for ultrasensitive. live cell mrna imaging by the target-triggered intracellular self-assembly
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Chemical Science. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2017 A smart ZnO@polydopamine-nucleic acid nanosystem for ultrasensitive live cell mrna imaging
More informationSupplementary Figure 1
Supplementary Figure 1 Supplementary Figure 1. Lats1/2 deleted ihbs and ihps showed decreased transcripts of hepatocyte related genes (a and b) Western blots (a) and recombination PCR (b) of control and
More informationPlasmids Western blot analysis and immunostaining Flow Cytometry Cell surface biotinylation RNA isolation and cdna synthesis
Plasmids psuper-retro-s100a10 shrna1 was constructed by cloning the dsdna oligo 5 -GAT CCC CGT GGG CTT CCA GAG CTT CTT TCA AGA GAA GAA GCT CTG GAA GCC CAC TTT TTA-3 and 5 -AGC TTA AAA AGT GGG CTT CCA GAG
More informationSUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
doi: 10.1038/nature05883 SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplemental Figure 1 Prostaglandin agonists and antagonists alter runx1/cmyb expression. a-e, Embryos were exposed to (b) PGE2 and (c) PGI2 (20μM) and
More informationwww.lessonplansinc.com Topic: Protein Synthesis - Sentence Activity Summary: Students will simulate transcription and translation by building a sentence/polypeptide from words/amino acids. Goals & Objectives:
More informationSUPPORTING INFORMATION
SUPPORTING INFORMATION Biology is different in small volumes: endogenous signals shape phenotype of primary hepatocytes cultured in microfluidic channels Amranul Haque, Pantea Gheibi, Yandong Gao, Elena
More informationBHP 2-7 and Nthy-ori 3-1 cells were grown in RPMI1640 medium (Hyclone) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (Gibco), 2mM L-glutamine, and 100 U/mL
1 2 3 4 Materials and Methods Cell culture BHP 2-7 and Nthy-ori 3-1 cells were grown in RPMI1640 medium (Hyclone) 5 supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (Gibco), 2mM L-glutamine, and 100 U/mL 6 penicillin-streptomycin.
More informationJournal of Cell Science Supplementary information. Arl8b +/- Arl8b -/- Inset B. electron density. genotype
J. Cell Sci. : doi:.4/jcs.59: Supplementary information E9. A Arl8b /- Arl8b -/- Arl8b Arl8b non-specific band Gapdh Tbp E7.5 HE Inset B D Control al am hf C E Arl8b -/- al am hf E8.5 F low middle high
More informationBeta Thalassemia Case Study Introduction to Bioinformatics
Beta Thalassemia Case Study Sami Khuri Department of Computer Science San José State University San José, California, USA sami.khuri@sjsu.edu www.cs.sjsu.edu/faculty/khuri Outline v Hemoglobin v Alpha
More informationMutation Screening and Association Studies of the Human UCP 3 Gene in Normoglycemic and NIDDM Morbidly Obese Patients
Mutation Screening and Association Studies of the Human UCP 3 Gene in Normoglycemic and NIDDM Morbidly Obese Patients Shuichi OTABE, Karine CLEMENT, Séverine DUBOIS, Frederic LEPRETRE, Veronique PELLOUX,
More informationSupplementary Figure 1a
Supplementary Figure 1a Hours: E-cadherin TGF-β On TGF-β Off 0 12 24 36 48 24 48 72 Vimentin βactin Fig. S1a. Treatment of AML12 cells with TGF-β induces EMT. Treatment of AML12 cells with TGF-β results
More informationNature Immunology: doi: /ni.3836
Supplementary Figure 1 Recombinant LIGHT-VTP induces pericyte contractility and endothelial cell activation. (a) Western blot showing purification steps for full length murine LIGHT-VTP (CGKRK) protein:
More informationSupplementary Information. Bamboo shoot fiber prevents obesity in mice by. modulating the gut microbiota
Supplementary Information Bamboo shoot fiber prevents obesity in mice by modulating the gut microbiota Xiufen Li 1,2, Juan Guo 1, Kailong Ji 1,2, and Ping Zhang 1,* 1 Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources
More informationSupplementary Materials and Methods
DD2 suppresses tumorigenicity of ovarian cancer cells by limiting cancer stem cell population Chunhua Han et al. Supplementary Materials and Methods Analysis of publicly available datasets: To analyze
More informationSupplementary Figure 1
Supplementary Figure 1 3 3 3 1 1 Bregma -1.6mm 3 : Bregma Ref) Http://www.mbl.org/atlas165/atlas165_start.html Bregma -.18mm Supplementary Figure 1 Schematic representation of the utilized brain slice
More informationCIRCRESAHA/2004/098145/R1 - ONLINE 1. Validation by Semi-quantitative Real-Time Reverse Transcription PCR
CIRCRESAHA/2004/098145/R1 - ONLINE 1 Expanded Materials and Methods Validation by Semi-quantitative Real-Time Reverse Transcription PCR Expression patterns of 13 genes (Online Table 2), selected with respect
More informationBeta Thalassemia Sami Khuri Department of Computer Science San José State University Spring 2015
Bioinformatics in Medical Product Development SMPD 287 Three Beta Thalassemia Sami Khuri Department of Computer Science San José State University Hemoglobin Outline Anatomy of a gene Hemoglobinopathies
More informationPhylogenetic analysis of human and chicken importins. Only five of six importins were studied because
Supplementary Figure S1 Phylogenetic analysis of human and chicken importins. Only five of six importins were studied because importin-α6 was shown to be testis-specific. Human and chicken importin protein
More informationSupplemental Information. Th17 Lymphocytes Induce Neuronal. Cell Death in a Human ipsc-based. Model of Parkinson's Disease
Cell Stem Cell, Volume 23 Supplemental Information Th17 Lymphocytes Induce Neuronal Cell Death in a Human ipsc-based Model of Parkinson's Disease Annika Sommer, Franz Maxreiter, Florian Krach, Tanja Fadler,
More informationCulture Density (OD600) 0.1. Culture Density (OD600) Culture Density (OD600) Culture Density (OD600) Culture Density (OD600)
A. B. C. D. E. PA JSRI JSRI 2 PA DSAM DSAM 2 DSAM 3 PA LNAP LNAP 2 LNAP 3 PAO Fcor Fcor 2 Fcor 3 PAO Wtho Wtho 2 Wtho 3 Wtho 4 DTSB Low Iron 2 4 6 8 2 4 6 8 2 22 DTSB Low Iron 2 4 6 8 2 4 6 8 2 22 DTSB
More informationCross-talk between mineralocorticoid and angiotensin II signaling for cardiac
ONLINE SUPPLEMENT TO Crosstalk between mineralocorticoid and angiotensin II signaling for cardiac remodeling An Di ZHANG,,3, Aurelie NGUYEN DINH CAT*,,3, Christelle SOUKASEUM *,,3, Brigitte ESCOUBET, 4,
More informationA basic helix loop helix transcription factor controls cell growth
A basic helix loop helix transcription factor controls cell growth and size in root hairs Keke Yi 1,2, Benoît Menand 1,3, Elizabeth Bell 1, Liam Dolan 1,4 Supplementary note Low soil phosphate availability
More informationExpression of Selected Inflammatory Cytokine Genes in Bladder Biopsies
Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology (2013) 3(2): 15-20 Expression of Selected Inflammatory Cytokine Genes in Bladder Biopsies EDMUND UI-HANG SIM *1, NUR DIANA ANUAR 2, TENG-AIK ONG 3, GUAN-
More informationLezione 10. Sommario. Bioinformatica. Lezione 10: Sintesi proteica Synthesis of proteins Central dogma: DNA makes RNA makes proteins Genetic code
Lezione 10 Bioinformatica Mauro Ceccanti e Alberto Paoluzzi Lezione 10: Sintesi proteica Synthesis of proteins Dip. Informatica e Automazione Università Roma Tre Dip. Medicina Clinica Università La Sapienza
More informationSupplementary Figure 1
Supplementary Figure 1 Supplementary Figure 1: Cryopreservation alters CD62L expression by CD4 T cells. Freshly isolated (left) or cryopreserved PBMCs (right) were stained with the mix of antibodies described
More informationice-cold 70% ethanol with gentle vortexing, incubated at -20 C for 4 hours, and washed with PBS.
Cell cycle analysis For cell cycle analysis, single cell suspensions of E12.5 fetal liver cells were suspended in 4 ml ice-cold 7% ethanol with gentle vortexing, incubated at -2 C for 4 hours, and washed
More information*To whom correspondence should be addressed. This PDF file includes:
www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/science.1212182/dc1 Supporting Online Material for Partial Retraction to Detection of an Infectious Retrovirus, XMRV, in Blood Cells of Patients with Chronic Fatigue
More informationSupplemental Information. Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Neutralize. the Anti-tumor Effect of CSF1 Receptor Blockade
Cancer Cell, Volume 32 Supplemental Information Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Neutralize the Anti-tumor Effect of CSF1 Receptor Blockade by Inducing PMN-MDSC Infiltration of Tumors Vinit Kumar, Laxminarasimha
More informationSUPPLEMENTARY DATA. Supplementary Table 1. Primer sequences for qrt-pcr
Supplementary Table 1. Primer sequences for qrt-pcr Gene PRDM16 UCP1 PGC1α Dio2 Elovl3 Cidea Cox8b PPARγ AP2 mttfam CyCs Nampt NRF1 16s-rRNA Hexokinase 2, intron 9 β-actin Primer Sequences 5'-CCA CCA GCG
More informationRelationship of the APOA5/A4/C3/A1 gene cluster and APOB gene polymorphisms with dyslipidemia
elationship of the APOA5/A4/C3/A1 gene cluster and APOB gene polymorphisms with dyslipidemia H.J. Ou 1, G. Huang 2, W. Liu 3, X.L. Ma 2, Y. Wei 4, T. Zhou 5 and Z.M. Pan 3 1 Department of Neurology, The
More informationNucleotide Sequence of the Australian Bluetongue Virus Serotype 1 RNA Segment 10
J. gen. Virol. (1988), 69, 945-949. Printed in Great Britain 945 Key words: BTV/genome segment lo/nucleotide sequence Nucleotide Sequence of the Australian Bluetongue Virus Serotype 1 RNA Segment 10 By
More informationCancer Genetics 204 (2011) 45e52
Cancer Genetics 204 (2011) 45e52 Exon scanning by reverse transcriptaseepolymerase chain reaction for detection of known and novel EML4eALK fusion variants in nonesmall cell lung cancer Heather R. Sanders
More informationSupplementary Figure 1
Metastatic melanoma Primary melanoma Healthy human skin Supplementary Figure 1 CD22 IgG4 Supplementary Figure 1: Immunohisochemical analysis of CD22+ (left) and IgG4 (right), cells (shown in red and indicated
More informationMalignant Amelanotic Melanoma of the Pleura without Primary Skin Lesion: An Autopsy Case Report. a a*
2009 63 6 379 384 Malignant Amelanotic Melanoma of the Pleura without Primary Skin Lesion: An Autopsy Case Report a b a a a* a b 380 63 6 Chest x ray and computed tomography (CT). A, Chest x ray on admission
More informationBaseline clinical characteristics for the 81 CMML patients Routine diagnostic testing and statistical analyses... 3
Next-Generation Sequencing Technology Reveals a Characteristic Pattern of Molecular Mutations in 72.8% of Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia (CMML) by Detecting Frequent Alterations in TET2, CBL, RAS, and
More informationDevelopment of RT-qPCR-based molecular diagnostic assays for therapeutic target selection of breast cancer patients
Development of RT-qPCR-based molecular diagnostic assays for therapeutic target selection of breast cancer patients Sangjung Park The Graduate School Yonsei University Department of Biomedical Laboratory
More informationDetection of 549 new HLA alleles in potential stem cell donors from the United States, Poland and Germany
HLA ISSN 2059-2302 BRIEF COMMUNICATION Detection of 549 new HLA alleles in potential stem cell donors from the United States, Poland and Germany C. J. Hernández-Frederick 1, N. Cereb 2,A.S.Giani 1, J.
More informationDescription of Supplementary Files. File Name: Supplementary Information Description: Supplementary Figures and Supplementary Tables
Description of Supplementary Files File Name: Supplementary Information Description: Supplementary Figures and Supplementary Tables Supplementary Figure 1: (A), HCT116 IDH1-WT and IDH1-R132H cells were
More informationFormylpeptide receptor2 contributes to colon epithelial homeostasis, inflammation, and tumorigenesis
Supplementary Data Formylpeptide receptor2 contributes to colon epithelial homeostasis, inflammation, and tumorigenesis Keqiang Chen, Mingyong Liu, Ying Liu, Teizo Yoshimura, Wei Shen, Yingying Le, Scott
More informationSupplementary Information
Supplementary Information Remodeling of heterochromatin structure slows neuropathological progression and prolongs survival in an animal model of Huntington s disease Junghee Lee, Yu Jin Hwang, Yunha Kim,
More informationNucleotide diversity of the TNF gene region in an African village
(2001) 2, 343 348 2001 Nature Publishing Group All rights reserved 1466-4879/01 $15.00 www.nature.com/gene Nucleotide diversity of the TNF gene region in an African village A Richardson 1, F Sisay-Joof
More informationSupporting Information
Supporting Information Malapeira et al. 10.1073/pnas.1217022110 SI Materials and Methods Plant Material and Growth Conditions. A. thaliana seedlings were stratified at 4 C in the dark for 3 d on Murashige
More informationSUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION doi:10.1038/nature10743 Supplementary Figures and Legends Supplementary Figure 1. CYP17A1 (red boxes) lies at the intersection of steroid hormone biosynthetic pathways. CYP17A1
More informationIntegration Solutions
Integration Solutions (1) a) With no active glycosyltransferase of either type, an ii individual would not be able to add any sugars to the O form of the lipopolysaccharide. Thus, the only lipopolysaccharide
More informationTetR repressor-based bioreporters for the detection of doxycycline using Escherichia
Supplementary materials TetR repressor-based bioreporters for the detection of doxycycline using Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter oleivorans Hyerim Hong and Woojun Park * Department of Environmental
More informationSupplemental Figures: Supplemental Figure 1
Supplemental Figures: Supplemental Figure 1 Suppl. Figure 1. BM-DC infection with H. pylori does not induce cytotoxicity and treatment of BM-DCs with H. pylori sonicate, but not heat-inactivated bacteria,
More informationResistance to Tetracycline Antibiotics by Wangrong Yang, Ian F. Moore, Kalinka P. Koteva, Donald W. Hughes, David C. Bareich and Gerard D. Wright.
Supplementary Data for TetX is a Flavin-Dependent Monooxygenase Conferring Resistance to Tetracycline Antibiotics by Wangrong Yang, Ian F. Moore, Kalinka P. Koteva, Donald W. Hughes, David C. Bareich and
More informationThe Clinical Performance of Primary HPV Screening, Primary HPV Screening Plus Cytology Cotesting, and Cytology Alone at a Tertiary Care Hospital
The Clinical Performance of Primary HPV Screening, Primary HPV Screening Plus Cytology Cotesting, and Cytology Alone at a Tertiary Care Hospital Jung-Woo Choi MD, PhD; Younghye Kim MD, PhD; Ju-Han Lee
More informationSupporting Information
Supporting Information Molecular Recognition Based DNA Nanoassemblies on the Surfaces of Nanosized Exosomes Shuo Wan,, Liqin Zhang,,, Sai Wang, Yuan Liu,, Cuichen Wu, Cheng Cui, Hao Sun, Muling Shi, Ying
More informationSUPPLEMENTAL METHODS Cell culture RNA extraction and analysis Immunohistochemical analysis and laser capture microdissection (LCM)
SUPPLEMENTAL METHODS Cell culture Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from healthy donors by Ficoll density gradient centrifugation. Monocyte differentiation to resting macrophages ()
More informationIsolate Sexual Idiomorph Species
SUPLEMENTARY TABLE 1. Isolate identification, sexual idiomorph and species of each isolate used for MAT locus distribution in Paracoccidioides species. Isolate Sexual Idiomorph Species Pb01 MAT1-1 P. lutzii
More informationSupplementary information
Supplementary information Unique polypharmacology nuclear receptor modulator blocks inflammatory signaling pathways Mi Ra Chang 1, Anthony Ciesla 1, Timothy S. Strutzenberg 1, Scott J. Novick 1, Yuanjun
More informationSupporting Information. Mutational analysis of a phenazine biosynthetic gene cluster in
Supporting Information for Mutational analysis of a phenazine biosynthetic gene cluster in Streptomyces anulatus 9663 Orwah Saleh 1, Katrin Flinspach 1, Lucia Westrich 1, Andreas Kulik 2, Bertolt Gust
More informationEnhanced detection and serotyping of Streptococcus pneumoniae using multiplex polymerase chain reaction
Original article http://dx.doi.org/10.3345/kjp.2012.55.11.424 Korean J Pediatr 2012;55(11):424-429 eissn 1738-1061 pissn 2092-7258 Enhanced detection and serotyping of Streptococcus pneumoniae using multiplex
More informationSingle-Molecule Analysis of Gene Expression Using Two-Color RNA- Labeling in Live Yeast
Supplemental Figures, Tables and Results Single-Molecule Analysis of Gene Expression Using Two-Color RNA- Labeling in Live Yeast Sami Hocine 1, Pascal Raymond 2, Daniel Zenklusen 2, Jeffrey A. Chao 1 &
More informationGlutathione S-transferase polymorphisms and risk of bladder cancer in Thais
Thai J. Pharm. Sci. 33 (2009) 67-73 67 Original article Glutathione S-transferase polymorphisms and risk of bladder cancer in Thais Kannika Pradubkaew 1, Pornpen Pramyothin 1*, Chanin Limwongse 2, Payiarat
More informationSUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
BASELINE ISCHAEMIA a b Phd2 +/- c d Collateral growth and maintenance SMC recruitment SMC proliferation Phd2 +/- NF- B off NF- B on NF- B on NF- B on Endothelial cell Smooth muscle cell Pro-arteriogenic
More informationMechanistic and functional insights into fatty acid activation in Mycobacterium tuberculosis SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
Mechanistic and functional insights into fatty acid activation in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Pooja Arora 1, Aneesh Goyal 2, Vivek T atarajan 1, Eerappa Rajakumara 2, Priyanka Verma 1, Radhika Gupta 3,
More informationPATIENTS AND METHODS. Subjects
PATIENTS AND METHODS Subjects Twenty-nine morbidly obese subjects involved in a gastric surgery program were enrolled in the study between October 25 and March 21. Bariatric surgery was performed in patients
More informationExpression of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1 (UGT1) and glucuronidation activity toward
Expression of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1 (UGT1) and glucuronidation activity toward endogenous substances in humanized UGT1 mouse brain Yuki Kutsuno, Rika Hirashima, Masaya Sakamoto, Hiroko Ushikubo,
More informationLoyer, et al. microrna-21 contributes to NASH Suppl 1/15
Loyer, et al. microrna-21 contributes to NASH Suppl 1/15 SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: Liver MicroRNA-21 is Overexpressed in Non Alcoholic Steatohepatitis and Contributes to the Disease in Experimental Models
More informationGenetic characterisation of invasive breast cancer: a comparison of CGH and PCR based multiplex microsatellite analysis
836 Gerhard-Domagk- Institute of Pathology, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany H Buerger W Boecker Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University of Münster H Schmidt A
More informationWhat do you think of when you here the word genome?
What do you think of when you here the word genome? What do you think of when you here the word genome? Personal Genomics Outline Review of pre-lab work Genomics and Medicine Case Overview & Assignment
More informationMutation analysis of a Chinese family with oculocutaneous albinism
/, 2016, Vol. 7, (No. 51), pp: 84981-84988 Mutation analysis of a Chinese family with oculocutaneous albinism Xiong Wang 1, Yaowu Zhu 1, Na Shen 1, Jing Peng 1, Chunyu Wang 1, Haiyi Liu 2, Yanjun Lu 1
More informationAdvanced Subsidiary Unit 1: Lifestyle, Transport, Genes and Health
Write your name here Surname Other names Edexcel GCE Centre Number Candidate Number Biology Advanced Subsidiary Unit 1: Lifestyle, Transport, Genes and Health Thursday 8 January 2009 Morning Time: 1 hour
More informationHCV Persistence and Immune Evasion in the Absence of Memory T Cell Help.
SOM Text HCV Persistence and Immune Evasion in the Absence of Memory T Cell Help. Arash Grakoui 1, Naglaa H. Shoukry 2, David J. Woollard 2, Jin-Hwan Han 1, Holly L. Hanson 1, John Ghrayeb 3, Krishna K.
More informationSUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Autonomous Multistep Organic Synthesis in a Single Isothermal Solution Mediated by a DNA Walker Yu He and David R. Liu* Supplementary Methods General Methods. DNA oligonucleotides
More informationHo Young Jung Hye Seung Han Hyo Bin Kim 1 Seo Young Oh 1 Sun-Joo Lee 2 Wook Youn Kim
Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine 2016; 50: 138-146 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Comparison of Analytical and Clinical Performance of HPV 9G DNA Chip, PANArray HPV Genotyping Chip, and Hybrid-Capture
More informationNomenclature What is in a name? My name Joseˊ Jimenez = Bill Dana John L.C. Savony = Frank Fontaine
Nomenclature What is in a name? My name Joseˊ Jimenez = Bill Dana John L.C. Savony = Frank Fontaine Three categories of Amyloid Terms 1. Amyloidologists, Amyloid Centers, Researchers official nomenclature
More informationwithout LOI phenotype by breeding female wild-type C57BL/6J and male H19 +/.
Sakatani et al. 1 Supporting Online Material Materials and methods Mice and genotyping: H19 mutant mice with C57BL/6J background carrying a deletion in the structural H19 gene (3 kb) and 10 kb of 5 flanking
More informationIsolation and Genetic Characterization of New Reassortant H3N1 Swine Influenza Virus from Pigs in the Midwestern United States
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY, May 2006, p. 5092 5096 Vol. 80, No. 10 0022-538X/06/$08.00 0 doi:10.1128/jvi.80.10.5092 5096.2006 Copyright 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. Isolation
More informationUniversity of Groningen. Vasoregression in incipient diabetic retinopathy Pfister, Frederick
University of Groningen Vasoregression in incipient diabetic retinopathy Pfister, Frederick IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from
More informationDeciphering the Clinical Significance of BRCA Variants. A Senior Honors Thesis
Deciphering the Clinical Significance of BRCA Variants A Senior Honors Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for graduation with research distinction in Biology in the undergraduate
More informationSupplementary Material Hofko M et al., Detection of carbapenemases by real-time PCR and melt-curve analysis on the BD MAX TM System
Supplementary Material Hofko M et al., Detection of carbapenemases by real-time PCR and melt-curve analysis on the BD MAX TM System Supplementary Material and Methods Characterization of isolates by the
More informationThe Expression of Integrins in Korean Breast Cancer Patients
64 1 Vol. 64, No. 1, J anuary, 2003, 1, 2, 3 1 2 3 The Expression of Integrins in Korean Breast Cancer Patients Hong Kim, M.D., Yong Sik Jung, M.D., Hye Jin Kim, M.S., Hyun Hee Im, M.D. 1, Jin Woo Lee,
More informationmir-1202: A Primate Specific and Brain Enriched mirna Involved in Major Depression and Antidepressant Treatment. Supplementary Information
Title: mir-1202: A Primate Specific and Brain Enriched mirna Involved in Major Depression and Antidepressant Treatment. Authors: Juan Pablo Lopez 1, Raymond Lim 3, Cristiana Cruceanu 1, Liam Crapper 1,
More informationSupplementary Figure 1: GPCR profiling and G q signaling in murine brown adipocytes (BA). a, Number of GPCRs with 2-fold lower expression in mature
Supplementary Figure 1: GPCR profiling and G q signaling in murine brown adipocytes (BA). a, Number of GPCRs with 2-fold lower expression in mature BA vs. preadipocytes. b, Number of GPCRs with 2-fold
More informationBacterial Gene Finding CMSC 423
Bacterial Gene Finding CMSC 423 Finding Signals in DNA We just have a long string of A, C, G, Ts. How can we find the signals encoded in it? Suppose you encountered a language you didn t know. How would
More information