Extracellular Matrix: Pathobiology and Signaling

Transcription

1 Extracellular Matrix: Pathobiology and Signaling Bearbeitet von Nikos Karamanos 1. Auflage Buch. L, 938 S. Hardcover ISBN Format (B x L): 17 x 24 cm Gewicht: 1883 g Weitere Fachgebiete > Chemie, Biowissenschaften, Agrarwissenschaften > Entwicklungsbiologie > Zellbiologie (Zytologie) schnell und portofrei erhältlich bei Die Online-Fachbuchhandlung beck-shop.de ist spezialisiert auf Fachbücher, insbesondere Recht, Steuern und Wirtschaft. Im Sortiment finden Sie alle Medien (Bücher, Zeitschriften, CDs, ebooks, etc.) aller Verlage. Ergänzt wird das Programm durch Services wie Neuerscheinungsdienst oder Zusammenstellungen von Büchern zu Sonderpreisen. Der Shop führt mehr als 8 Millionen Produkte.

2 Contents Preface... Comments on the book Extracellular Matrix: Pathobiology & Signaling by Dick Heinegård... About the Editor/Section Editors... List of contributing authors.... Abbreviations and acronyms used.... xix xxiii xxv xxix xxxix 1 An introduction to the extracellular matrix molecules and their importance in pathobiology and signaling Extracellular matrix: a functional scaffold Achilleas Theocharis, Chrisostomi Gialeli, Vincent Hascall, and Nikos Karamanos ECM components: structural and functional properties Matrix remodeling is accomplished by proteolytic enzymes Cell surface receptors mediate cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions Take-home message Insights into the function of glycans Introduction Paraskevi Heldin 2.2 Metabolic control of hyaluronan synthesis Alberto Passi, Giancarlo De Luca, Evgenia Karousou, Davide Vigetti, and Manuela Viola Introduction Transcription of hyaluronan synthases UDP-sugar substrates as limiting factors in hyaluronan synthesis Posttranslational processing of HAS Challenges and future prospects Take-home message Multiple roles of hyaluronan as a target and modifier of the inflammatory response Sanna Oikari, Tiina A. Jokela, Raija H. Tammi, and Markku I. Tammi Introduction Endothelial permeability... 40

3 vi Contents Angiogenesis Mechanisms of hyaluronan degradation Consequences of hyaluronan fragmentation Hyaluronan cross-talk with leukocytes Adhesion of leukocytes to hyaluronan Hyaluronan removal in the late phase of inflammation Local clearance of hyaluronan Chronic inflammation Hyaluronan increase in wounds Support of migration and proliferation TGF-β and myofibroblasts Therapeutic applications Future perspectives Take-home message Roles of sulfated and nonsulfated glycosaminoglycans in cancer growth and progression-therapeutic implications Dragana Nikitovic and George N. Tzanakakis Introduction Heparin and heparan sulfate affect key tumor cell functions Chondroitin sulfate participates in cancer cell, tumor stroma, and tumor microenvironement interactions to affect cancer progression HA synthesis is correlated to cancer progression Challenges and future prospects Take-home message Heparan sulfate design: regulation of biosynthesis Dagmar S. Pikas, Anh-Tri Do, Audrey Deligny, Anders Dagälv, and Lena Kjellén Heparan sulfate an extracellular component with variable structure How is heparan sulfate synthesized and which enzymes contribute? Fine-tuning of heparan sulfate structure in the right place, at the right time Disturbed heparan sulfate biosynthesis in human pathobiology Take-home message Bone and skin disorders caused by a disturbance in the biosynthesis of chondroitin sulfate and dermatan sulfate Shuji Mizumoto and Kazuyuki Sugahara Introduction Biosynthetic pathways of CS and DS chains Human congenital disorders caused by mutations of the enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of CS and DS

4 Contents vii Challenges and future prospects Take-home message Abbreviations Biological functions of branched N-glycans related to physiology and pathology of extracellular matrix Congxiao Gao, Kazuaki Ohtsubo, Jianguo Gu, and Naoyuki Taniguchi Introduction Synthesis of branched N-glycans Effect of N-glycosylation on ECM formation Complexity of N-glycan branch modulates cellular functions via clustering cell surface proteins Branched N-glycans regulate the biological functions of integrins The mutual regulation of N-glycosylation and cadherins Challenges and future prospects Take-home message Proteoglycans: structure, pathobiology, and signaling Introduction Liliana Schaefer 3.2 Aggrecan in skeletal development and regenerative medicine Anna Plaas, Daniel J. Gorski, Jennifer Velasco, Colton McNicols, Rebecca Bell, Vincent Wang, and John Sandy Introduction Aggrecan in skeletal development Aggrecan in regenerative medicine Take-home message The pathobiology of versican Thomas N. Wight Introduction Cardiovascular disease Cancer Lung Eye Concluding remarks Take-home message The biology of perlecan and its bioactive modules Chris D. Willis, Liliana Schaefer, and Renato V. Iozzo Introduction Discovery Expression and localization

5 viii Contents Protein family The HSPG2 gene Domain structure and known interactions Genetic links to diseases Genetic models Perlecan role in cancer Perlecan role in vascular biology and angiogenesis Conclusions and future directions Take-home message Small leucine-rich proteoglycans: multifunctional signaling effectors Rosetta Merline, Madalina V. Nastase, Renato V. Iozzo, and Liliana Schaefer Introduction Physiological functions Pathobiology of class I SLRPs Pathobiology of class II SLRPs Pathobiology of class III SLRPs Take-home message Structure and function of syndecans Csilla Pataki and John R. Couchman Syndecan stucture Function of syndecans Syndecan domains and their roles Take-home message The glypican family Jorge Filmus and Mariana Capurro The structure of glypicans The functions of glypicans Pathobiology of glypicans Future research Take-home message Serglycin proteoglycan: implications for thrombosis, inflammation, atherosclerosis, and metastasis Barbara P. Schick Introduction Cloning and cell and tissue localization of serglycin Cell-specific serglycin structure Regulation of serglycin expression Binding of cell-specific serglycin to biologically active proteins Serglycin in hematopoietic cells Serglycin in nonhematopoietic cells The serglycin knockout mouse

6 Contents ix Challenges and future prospects Take-home message Matrix proteinases: biological significance in health and disease Introduction Jan-Olof Winberg 4.2 Extracellular functions of cysteine proteases Harald Thidemann Johansen and Rigmor Solberg Introduction Cysteine proteases and their inhibitors Endogenous inhibitors of cysteine proteases Cysteine proteases and their inhibitors in diseases Pharmacological targeting of cysteine proteases Take-home message Plasmin and the plasminogen activator system in health and disease Gunbjørg Svineng, Synnøve Magnussen, and Elin Hadler-Olsen Introduction Plasmin Plasminogen activators Inhibitors of plasminogen activators Plasmin substrates Inhibitors of plasmin Plasmin system in cancer Take-home message Matrix metalloproteinase complexes and their biological significance Bodil Fadnes, Elin Hadler-Olsen, Ingebrigt Sylte, Lars Uhlin-Hansen, and Jan-Olof Winberg Introduction MMP structure and classification MMP complexes Take-home message The ADAMTS family of metalloproteinases Hideaki Nagase Introduction The ADAMTS family Three-dimensional structures of ADAMTSs Procollagen N-proteinases (ADAMTS2, 3, and 14) Aggrecanases Inhibition of angiogenesis by ADAMTSs Von Willebrand factor cleaving proteinase: ADAMTS

7 x Contents ADAMTS18 and dissolution of platelet aggregates Atherosclerosis ADAMTSs and morphogenesis Wound healing Ovulation Future prospects Take-home message Proteinases in wound healing Mervi Toriseva and Veli-Matti Kähäri Introduction Overview of cutaneous wound repair Hemostasis and inflammation Reepithelialization Granulation tissue formation Tissue remodeling and wound maturation Growth factors and cytokines regulating cutaneous wound healing Proteolysis in cutaneous wound healing PA-plasmin system Matrix metalloproteinases ADAM proteinases ADAMTS proteinases TIMPs and chemical targeting of metalloproteinases Proteolysis in aberrant cutaneous wound healing Targeting proteolysis applications for wound-healing therapy Take-home message Rock, paper, and molecular scissors: regulating the game of extracellular matrix homeostasis, remodeling, and inflammation Antoine Dufour and Christopher M. Overall Proteases Matrix metalloproteinases Natural inhibitors of MMPs MMPs in cancer MMPs in Inflammation MMP inhibitors and clinical trials The protease web Degradomics The CLIP-CHIP, a dedicated and focused microarray for every protease and inhibitor Classic biochemical approaches Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, zymography, mass spectrometry, and high-performance liquid chromatography Proteomic identification of protease cleavage site specificity

8 Contents xi Yeast two-hybrid analyses: exosite scanning and inactive-catalytic-domain capture Amino-terminal-oriented mass spectrometry of substrates Quantitative N- and C-terminal proteomics for substrate discovery N-terminal combined fractional diagonal chromatography N-terminal amine isotopic labeling of substrates C terminomics and C-terminal amine-based isotope labeling of substrates Perspectives and Take-home message ECM cell surface receptors Introduction Donald Gullberg 5.2 Integrin function in heart fibrosis: mechanical strain, transforming growth factor-beta 1 activation, and collagen glycation Boris Hinz and Christopher A. McCulloch Introduction Cardiac fibrosis the players ECM posttranslational modifications in fibrosis: type 1 and type 2 diabetes Interaction of integrins with glycated collagen TGF-β and integrins a close relationship Conclusions Take-home message Cancer-associated fibroblast integrins as therapeutic targets in the tumor microenvironment Ning Lu, Cord Brakebusch and Donald Gullberg Introduction CAF Biology Integrins on CAFs Integrin function on CAF precursors Integrin function in CAF differentiation CAF integrins and tumor cell proliferation Integrin function in CAF-promoted invasion and metastasis Summary Discoidin domain receptors: non-integrin collagen receptors on the move Antonio S. Rocca and Michelle P. Bendeck Introduction Collagen and collagen receptors Discoidin domain receptor subfamily of receptor tyrosine kinases

9 xii Contents Functions of DDRs Conclusions Take-home message Syndecans as receptors for pericellular molecules Xiaojie Xian, James R. Whiteford, and John R. Couchman Introduction Syndecans as cell surface ECM receptors Syndecans as receptors mediating endocytosis Syndecans as receptors for growth factors and chemokines Perspective specificity of syndecans and their signaling responses Take-home message CD44: a Sensor of tissue damage critical for restoring homeostasis Ellen Puré Introduction CD44 structure and processing Hyaluronan and other ligands of CD CD44-mediated signaling CD44 function in mesenchymal stromal cells CD44 function in leukocytes Role of CD44 in the resolution of inflammation CD44 in disease and as a potential therapeutic target Concluding remarks Take-home message Collagen: insights into the folding, assembly and functions Introduction Ruggero Tenni 6.2 Trimerization domains in collagens: chain selection, folding initiation, and triple-helix stabilization Sergei P. Boudko and Hans Peter Bächinger Introduction Chain selection and trimerization Trimerization domains and triple-helix folding and stabilization Pathologies associated with trimerization domains Future prospects and challenges Take-home message Structural basis of collagen missense mutations Anton V. Persikov and Barbara Brodsky Introduction: collagens and disease Peptide models of collagen mutations Computational analysis

10 Contents xiii Collagen mutations in a recombinant bacterial system Summary and take-home message Roles and regulation of BMP1/Tolloid-like proteinases: collagen/matrix assembly, growth factor activation, and beyond Catherine Moali and David J. S. Hulmes Introduction BMP1/Tolloid-like proteinases Substrates Endogenous regulators of activity Meprins and matrix assembly Conclusions and take-home message Supramolecular assembly of type I collagen Mario Raspanti Introduction The multimodal fibrils: tendon, bone, and ligaments The unimodal fibrils: cornea, sheaths, and blood vessels Take-home message Collagen interactomes: mapping functional domains and mutations on fibrillar and network-forming collagens James D. San Antonio, J. Des Parkin, Judy Savige, Joseph P. R. O. Orgel, and Olena Jacenko Collagen interactomes Type I collagen interactome Type IV collagen interactome Type III collagen interactome Type II collagen Type X collagen Future perspectives Take-home message Collagen-binding proteins Takako Sasaki Introduction Heat-shock protein Pigment epithelium-derived factor Fibronectin Von Willebrand factor Glycoprotein VI Leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor Discoidin domain receptors (DDR) Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine Take-home message

11 xiv Contents 7 Emerging aspects in extracellular matrix pathobiology Introduction Achilleas Theocharis 7.2 Extracellular matrix in breast cancer: permissive and restrictive influences emanating from the stroma Ida Pucci-Minafra Introduction The extracellular context in the mammary gland The physical role of connective tissue stroma The proteomic lesson Concluding remarks Challenges and future prospects Take-home message EMMPRIN/CD147: potential functions in tumor microenvironment and therapeutic target for human cancer Eric Huet, Eric E Gabison, Samia Mourah, and Suzanne Menashi Introduction Protease-inducing activity of EMMPRIN: role in tumor cell invasion Role of EMMPRIN in myofibroblast differentiation Role of EMMPRIN in angiogenesis Shedding of EMMPRIN EMMPRIN as a therapeutic target for human cancer Take-home message Implication of hyaluronidases in cancer growth, metastasis, diagnosis, and treatment Irene-Eva Triantaphyllidou, Serafoula Filou, Helen Bouga, Constantine Kolliopoulos, and Demitrios H. Vynios Introduction Hyaluronidases in cancer Regulation of hyaluronidase activity Hyaluronidases and cell cycle progression Anticancer properties of hyaluronidases Further medical applications of hyaluronidases Challenges and future prospects Take-home message Structure-function relationship of syndecan-1, with focus on nuclear translocation and tumor cell behavior Fang Zong, Ilona Kovalszky, Anders Hjerpe, and Katalin Dobra Syndecans Structural organization

12 Contents xv Functional domains and cellular interactions Cellular distribution and nuclear translocation Nuclear interactions Syndecan-1 expression in normal tissues Syndecan-1 in cancers Syndecan expression affects tumor cell behavior Potential for translation Take-home message Serglycin: a novel player in the terrain of neoplasia Angeliki Korpetinou, Eleni Milia-Argeiti, Vassiliki Labropoulou, and Achilleas Theocharis Introduction Expression of serglycin in malignancies Regulation of serglycin gene expression Functional importance of serglycin in malignancies Serglycin regulates the secretion of proteolytic enzymes Serglycin regulates the secretion and properties of inflammatory mediators Take-home message Quantifying cell-ecm pathobiology in 3D Joseph S. Maffei and Muhammad H. Zaman Introduction Importance of three-dimensional culture systems Advancements in 3D quantification Future directions Take-home message Diabetic foot infections Cecilia Rydén Introduction Serological diagnosis of osteitis in foot infection in diabetes mellitus Conclusion and summary Take-home message Targeting tumor microenvironment at the ECM level Introduction Nikos K. Karamanos 8.2 Targeting the tumor microenvironment in cancer progression Suniti Misra, Vincent C. Hascall, Nikos K. Karamanos, Roger R. Markwald, and Shibnath Ghatak Targeting the tumor microenvironment

13 xvi Contents Cancer stem cells Tumor angiogenesis: new concepts about the tumor microenvironment CD44 in tumor biology Take-home message Growth factor signaling and extracellular matrix Dragana Nikitovic, Harris Pratsinis, Aikaterini Berdiaki, Chrisostomi Gialeli, Dimitris Kletsas, and George N. Tzanakakis Introduction Interplay of growth factors and ECM Growth factor signaling regulates ECM composition Effect of ECM on growth factor action Pharmacological Interventions Take-home message Targeting protein-glycan interactions at cell surface during EMT and hematogenous metastasis: consequences on tumor invasion and metastasis Mauro S. G. Pavao, Eliene O. Kozlowski, and Felipe C.O.B. Teixeira Introduction Tumor invasion and metastasis Unique glycosaminoglycans from marine invertebrates and their potential antitumor activity Challenges and future prospects Take-home message Pharmacological targeting of proteoglycans and metalloproteinases: an emerging aspect in cancer treatment Spyros S. Skandalis, Chrisostomi Gialeli, Nikos Afratis, Alexios J. Aletras, Theodore Tsegenidis, Achilleas D. Theocharis, and Nikos K. Karamanos Introduction The importance of targeting at ECM level in tumor progression Pharmacological targeting of proteoglycans Pharmacological targeting of matrix metalloproteinases Pharmacological targeting of PGs/MMPs at the proteasome level Concluding remarks Take-home message Targeting syndecan shedding in cancer Ralph D. Sanderson and John R. Couchman Introduction Syndecan sheddases Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases Syndecan shedding and cancer

14 Contents xvii Future prospects Take-home message PG receptors with phosphatase action in cancer and angiogenesis Marina Koutsioumpa and Evangelia Papadimitriou Introduction Glycosylated transmembrane protein phosphatase receptors RPTP-β/ζ Conclusions Take-home message Heparanase, a multifaceted protein involved in cancer, chronic inflammation, and kidney dysfunction Israel Vlodavsky, Michael Elkin, Benito Casu, Jin-Ping Li, Ralph D. Sanderson, and Neta Ilan Introduction Involvement of heparanase in cancer progression Heparanase and inflammation Heparanase and diabetic nephropathy Challenges and future perspectives Take-home message Delivery systems targeting cancer at the level of ECM Shibnath Ghatak, Vincent C. Hascall, Nikos K. Karamanos, Roger R. Markwald, and Suniti Misra Introduction Targeting cancer CD44-HA in tumor biology Strategies that target CD44 to perturb HA-CD44 interaction in tumors Take-home message Index