Pediatric Surgery Digest

Transcription

1 Pediatric Surgery Digest Bearbeitet von Zacharias Zachariou 1. Auflage Buch. XXVIII, 889 S. Hardcover ISBN Format (B x L): 12,7 x 19 cm Weitere Fachgebiete > Medizin > Sonstige Medizinische Fachgebiete > Orthopädie, konservativ Zu Leseprobe schnell und portofrei erhältlich bei Die Online-Fachbuchhandlung beck-shop.de ist spezialisiert auf Fachbücher, insbesondere Recht, Steuern und Wirtschaft. Im Sortiment finden Sie alle Medien (Bücher, Zeitschriften, CDs, ebooks, etc.) aller Verlage. Ergänzt wird das Programm durch Services wie Neuerscheinungsdienst oder Zusammenstellungen von Büchern zu Sonderpreisen. Der Shop führt mehr als 8 Millionen Produkte.

2 Contents PART I INTRODUCTION 1 Introduction 3 Zacharias Zachariou 1.1 What is Pediatric Surgery? Timing of Operations in Pediatric Surgical Patients Preoperative Management The Newborn as a Pediatric Surgical Patient 8 PART II GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 2 Enteral/Parenteral Nutrition in Infants and Children 15 Athanasios Zavitsanakis 2.1 Nutrition of the Newborn Vascular Access in Infants and Children Parenteral Nutrition Dehydration/Rehydration Antibiotics 44 3 Emergencies/Resuscitation 53 Ernest Van Heurn 3.1 Systemic Infections in Newborns Shock Hypoglycemia Acid Base Balance 61

3 X Contents 3.5 Resuscitation Ventilation Circulatory Resuscitation Defibrillation 84 4 Blood/Blood Products Transfusion 87 Ernest Van Heurn 4.1 Blood Transfusion Platelet Transfusion Fresh Frozen Plasma Transfusion 90 5 Pain Management 91 Ernest Van Heurn 5.1 WHO Grades for Analgesia 91 6 Wounds/Surgical Techniques 93 Juan A. Tovar 6.1 General Considerations Wound Healing Common Types of Surgical Incisions Skin Flaps Skin Grafts Surgical Sutures Minimal Invasive Surgery Principles 117 Zacharias Zachariou 7.1 General Considerations Instrumentation Indications Ergonomics Imaging in Pediatric Surgery 125 Ognyan Brankov 8.1 General Considerations 125

4 Contents XI 8.2 Common Radiographic Images Nomograms for Organ Size Conventional X-rays Ultrasonography Expert Opinion 147 Ioan Paraian 9.1 General Considerations Examination of the Musculoskeletal Apparatus Anthropometric Measures Special Situations 165 Steffen Berger 1, Valerie Oesch The Polytraumatized Child Child Abuse Birth Trauma 179 Ray Fitzgerald, Ingo Königs 11.1 Skull Extremities Skull 183 Ray Fitzgerald, Ingo Königs 12.1 Congenital Osteocutaneous Defect Encephalocele Hydrocephalus Craniosynostosis Brain Injuries Skull Fractures Spinal Column 197 Ray Fitzgerald, Ingo Königs 13.1 Spina Bifida/Meningocele/Myelomeningocele 197

5 XII Contents 14 Face 203 Peter Raine 14.1 Oral Cavity Face Neck 215 Peter Raine 15.1 Median and Lateral Neck Masses Congenital Malformations Infections Thorax 227 Alexander Rokitansky 16.1 General Considerations Chest Wall Pleura and Pleural Cavity Laryngotracheal Lesions Lung Mediastinum Diaphragm 305 Juan A. Tovar 17.1 Diaphragmatic Hernia Fetoscopic Approach (FETENDO) Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Diaphragmatic Eventration Gastroesophageal Reflux/Paraesophageal Hernia Traumatic Diaphragm Rupture Esophagus 323 Zacharias Zachariou 18.1 Esophageal Stenosis Corrosive Esophagitis Achalasia Esophageal Atresia 333

6 Contents XIII 18.5 Esophagotracheal H-Fistulas Esophageal Dilatation Esophageal Varices Abdominal Wall 353 Ole Henrik Nielsen 19.1 Umbilical Hernia Supraumbilical Hernia Omphaloenteric Duct Urachal Cysts/Urachal Fistulas Inguinal Hernia Femoral Hernia Other Types of Hernias Hydrocele Omphalocele (Exomphalos) Laparoschisis (Gastroschisis) Abdomen 379 Zacharias Zachariou 20.1 Principles of Abdominal Surgery Organ Anatomy Anatomical Abdominal Particularities in Children Abdominal Incisions Common Bowel Surgical Techniques Stomach and Duodenum 389 Paul D. Losty 1, Sarah L. Almond 1, Nicola P. Smith 1, Zacharias Zachariou Infantile Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis Gastrostomy Duodenal Atresia and Stenosis Intestinal Congenital Malformations 405 Aigars Petersons 1, Leif Olsen Jejunoileal/Colonic Atresia 1 405

7 XIV Contents 22.2 Malrotation/Ladd s Bands Intestinal Volvulus Duplications of the Gastrointestinal Tract Stoma Complications Short Bowel Syndrome PART III SPECIFIC DISEASES 23 Intestinal Diseases 431 Jean Michel Guys, Geraldine Hery, Mirna Haddad 23.1 Meconium Ileus Necrotizing Enterocolitis Meckel s Diverticulum Intussusception Appendicitis Anorectal Diseases 451 Risto Rintala 1, Leif Olsen Bowel Washout Chronic Constipation Anorectal Manometry Rectal/Colonic Biopsy Hirschsprung s Disease Allied Hirschsprung s Disease Anorectal Malformations Anal Fissures Anal Fistulas Rectal Prolapse Colonoscopy Large Bowel Polyps Inflammatory Bowel Diseases 503 Leif Olsen 25.1 Ulcerative Colitis 503

8 Contents XV 25.2 Crohn s Disease Blunt Abdominal Trauma 511 Leif Olsen 27 Liver and Pancreas 515 Claude Le Coultre 1, Jean-Bernard Otte 2, Constantin Tica Nesidioblastosis/Congenital Hyperinsulinism Congenital Biliary Atresia Choledochal Cyst Cholelithiasis Parasitic Liver Cysts Nonparasitic Liver Cysts Benign Liver Tumors Liver Transplantation Pediatric Surgical Oncology 541 Ray Fitzgerald 1, Jan Godzinski 2, Antonio Gentil Martins 3, Jean-Bernard Otte 4, Peter Raine 5, Alexander Rokitansky 6, Constantin Tica 7, Zacharias Zachariou Pediatric Tumor Patients Hemangioma/Vascular Malformations Lymphangioma/Cystic Neck Hygroma Lymphoma Neuroblastoma Sacrococcygeal Teratoma Lung Tumors Parasitic Lung Tumors Mediastinal Tumors Malignant Liver Tumors Nephroblastoma Ovarian Tumors Testicular Tumors Soft Tissue Sarcomas Rhabdomyosarcoma 3 597

9 XVI Contents Ewing s Sarcoma Osteosarcoma Urogenital Tract 605 Wolfram Kluwe 29.1 General Considerations Organ Anatomy Vascular Anatomy Development of the Genital Organs in Puberty Pathophysiology Principles of Pediatric Urology Penis 615 Ahmed T. Hadidi 30.1 Phimosis/Paraphimosis Hypospadias Testicles 641 Gian Battista Parigi 31.1 Cryptorchidism Testicular Torsion Testicular Appendages Torsion Varicocele Vagina and External Female Genitalia 657 Gian Battista Parigi 32.1 Labial Synechiae Hymeneal Atresia Ovarian Cysts 659 Gian Battista Parigi 34 Kidney and Bladder 661 Andras Pinter 34.1 Urinary Tract Infection 661

10 Contents XVII 34.2 Vesicoureteral Reflux Ureterovesical Junction Obstruction/Megaureter Ureteric Duplication Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction/Hydronephrosis Cutaneous Ureterostomy Posterior Urethral Valves Bladder Exstrophy Bladder Augmentation Mitrofanoff Procedure Intersex Renal Malformations Nephrolithiasis Urinary Incontinence Bladder Rupture Urethral Injuries Kidney Insufficiency 707 Zacharias Zachariou 36 Skin and Soft Tissues 711 Aigars Petersons 36.1 Pigmented Nevi Dermoid Cysts Lymphadenitis Burns Osteoarticular System 721 Antonio Gentil Martins 37.1 Trigger Thumb Polydactyly Syndactyly Hand Trauma Treatment Ganglions/Baker s Cyst Congenital Hip Dislocation Osteomyelitis 730

11 XVIII Contents 38 Skeletal System 735 Theddy Slongo 38.1 General Considerations Classification Skeleton Standard and Special X-rays Development of Ossification Centers Plaster Immobilization Therapy Principles Spinal Injuries Sling-Shot Injury of the Cervical Spine Pectoral Girdle and Clavicle Humeral Fractures Elbow Joint Region Fractures Forearm Fractures Wrist and Hand Fractures Pelvic Ring Fractures Lower Limb Fractures Distal Femur and Proximal Tibia Fractures Patella Fractures and Dislocations Tibial Shaft Fractures Distal Tibia and Ankle Joint Fractures Foot Fractures 799 PART IV APPENDICES 39 Embryology 803 Calin Ordeanu 39.1 Embryological Organ Development Fetal Circulation Newborn Icterus Segmental Innervation 806

12 Contents XIX 40 Vaccination 807 Calin Ordeanu 40.1 Vaccines Rabies Vaccination Notifiable Infectious Diseases 811 Calin Ordeanu 42 Fever Types 815 Calin Ordeanu 43 Catheter Size 817 Calin Ordeanu 44 Reference Values 821 Zacharias Zachariou, Remus Vezan 45 Commonly Used Pharmaceuticals 841 Zacharias Zachariou, Remus Vezan 46 Syndromes 857 Zacharias Zachariou, Remus Vezan 47 List of Figure Sources 863 Subject Index 867