Equine Biosecurity Principles and Best Practices

Transcription

1 Veteinay Medical Association and Fedeation Equine Biosecuity Pinciples and Best Pactices

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3 AEF Educational Outeach: Contents Rationale...4 An Industy Reality... 4 Objectives fo AEF Biosecuity Outeach Pogam...5 What is Biosecuity?...5 Why is disease pevention and contol impotant and how can YOU benefit?...5 You Obligations...5 A Bit about Disease Tansmission...7 How to Develop an Effective Biosecuity Pogam...9 Step 1: Risk Assessments Step 2: Identifying potocols fo implementation Access Management Contol Access to Fams, Bans and Hoses at Citical Points Manage Visito Risk Summay fo an Effective Biosecuity Pogam: Access Management Animal Health Management Plan animal movements to minimize isk of intoduction, tansmission o ecycling of disease Manage disease isk while tavelling Tool Kit fo Mobile Biosecuity Effots Monito individual animal and hed health Summay fo an Effective Biosecuity Pogam: Animal Management Opeational Management Animal Husbandy Clean and Disinfect Equipment and Bans Cleaning and Disinfection Potocol Use Pesonal Potective Equipment (PPE) Contol Pests with a Pest Management Pogam Communicate Biosecuity Pogam Effectively Summay fo an Effective Biosecuity Pogam: Opeational Management Whee can you get help? Summay Glossay Risk Assessment Chats Section A: Animal Risk Factos Section B: Feed and Wate Risk Factos Section C: Owne and Employee Risk Factos Section D: Facility Use and Visito Risk Factos Section E: Pemise Risk Factos Quick Refeence Disinfectant Chat fo Poduces Checklist and Tool Kit fo the Tavelling Hose

4 Notes 4 Rationale An Industy Reality On June 25, 2010, CBC News published the following: A flu-like illness in a hose has led to the cancellation of pefomances by the RCMP Musical Ride in and Saskatchewan. The RCMP said Fiday that a hose contacted what was descibed as a low-gade case of Steptococcus equi, a bacteial infection commonly known as stangles. The condition poduces symptoms simila to the flu in humans. The RCMP musical ide has been on tou pefoming in communities acoss Quebec, as well as in Toonto, since May. One of the animals on the tou caught the illness, which is contagious among hoses. The RCMP noted that the illness is not a theat to humans, but people woking with hoses can spead it. As a esult, officials decided to isolate the hoses at the RCMP s Rockcliffe stables in Ottawa. Shows that wee set between July 2 and July 20 wee cancelled. In Saskatchewan, shows in Regina wee cancelled. In, the cancellation affects two shows in Calgay and those in Iicana, Cold Lake, and Redcliff. Officials said they hope to esume the tou in Edmonton on July 23. Musical Ride pefomances in Ottawa, set fo the last week in June and Canada Day wee still on. Howeve, membes of the public will not be able to access the hoses diectly. Officials said they can still pefom in Ottawa, because handles can contol the envionment whee the hoses ae stabled and pefom. The Regina shows, which wee to take place at the RCMP taining academy on July 4 and 5, wee escheduled to Sept. 4.Thee will two pefomances on that day, at 2 p.m. and 7 p.m. CST. The RCMP said tickets fo the July dates would be honoued in Septembe. The academy is celebating its 125th annivesay this yea. Thee was no wod on any new dates fo the cancelled shows.

5 Have you expeienced a disease outbeak? What wee the immediate consequences fo the hose? What about fo you, you hed? Is the impact of the disease still affecting you, you hose, you opeation o you hed? Make a list of some people you know who may have been affected by a contagious disease in thei hoses. Conside how they wee affected by the disease outbeak in thei animals. Objectives fo AEF Biosecuity Outeach Pogam Be a leade fo the equine community in establishing best pactices Educate AEF membes and the equine community at lage about biosecuity isks and pinciples Encouage hose ownes to engage in educated discussions with thei veteinaian about disease contol and pevention Povide infomational tools to guide hose ownes in developing a biosecuity pogam to addess thei own isks Offe esouces to AEF membes, stable ownes and uses, show administatos and officials, facility opeatos to affect incemental change in the equine industy, one hose owne at a time What is Biosecuity? Biosecuity is the pinciples, actions, pecautions and potocols that potect the health of livestock by peventing the tansmission of disease though physical baies, and hygiene pactices. Biosecuity is potecting an animal, fam community and industy against biological agents. It is a stategy of disease pevention; peventing intoduction of disease and contolling and peventing ecycling of disease within a hed, facility o community. Why is disease pevention and contol impotant and how can YOU benefit? Pevent financial losses fom animal illness Pomote economically stong opeation and industy by peventing intoduction of disease Reduce/eliminate epotable diseases Minimize the isk of intoduction of a Foeign Animal Disease that could be devastating to the Canadian hose industy, economy and society You Obligations Good planning now will educe the impact of the next disease emegency As a hose owne, when you take custody and contol of a hose o hed of hoses, you also take on the esponsibility of caing fo the health and well being of that animal. To become educated about disease isks, health hazads and management stategies ae as high pioity as iding in a safe and esponsible manne. In addition, you obligations extend to the equine community that suounds you at home and that you become pat of when you tavel to equine events. You actions, o inactions, may have fa eaching effects because a numbe of equine diseases ae highly tansmissible. 5

6 Notes 6 Hee ae some common sense tips that will help you fulfill you obligations to you hoses, hoses in you cae and the equine community at lage: Avoid tavel with you hoses if you suspect (o know!) they have an infectious disease. Avoid tavelling with a hose(s) that may have been exposed to an infectious disease until you can be sue they ae disease fee (2-3 weeks). Discuss with a veteinaian whethe they pose a disease tansmission isk pio to exposue to othe hoses. In the event of a disease outbeak at a comingling site, such as a stable, do not allow hoses to leave o new hoses to aive until the disease has been eliminated o tightly contolled with a quaantine o isolation pogam and a veteinaian has given the ALL CLEAR. In the event you hoses contact an infectious disease: Consult you veteinaian fo diagnosis and medical teatment, Isolate and estict access to sick animals, and Advise ecent visitos to you popety of an outbeak and advise them to monito thei own animals fo signs of disease w

7 This diagam illustates the boundaies that disease can tavel and quickly spead fom one animal to affect a lage community. Effective biosecuity seves to potect those boundaies. Keep what s in, in and what s out, out. Notes Povincial and National Heds You Fam You Hed Individual Animal(s) A Bit about Disease Tansmission We will not be discussing specific equine diseases in this booklet. You veteinaian is the animal health pofessional to talk with you about diseases of impotance in you situation, and in you community, based on a isk assessment. We want to give you an oveview of how equine diseases ae tansmitted so you can bette undestand whee isk might be and why cetain ecommendations ae made in this manual. Below is a diagam of the Chain of Infection. It visualises how disease may be intoduced, tansmitted, ecycled and spead. 7

8 A hose actively shedding a pathogenic oganism; may o may not appea sick; contaminated equipment o envionment Potal of Enty o Exit New Animals, Tavelling Animals, Visitos, Wildlife, Tanspot Tucks, Veteinaians, Faies etc. Resevoi Chain of Infection Suseptible Host Mode of Tansmission Infectious Agent Nose to nose contact; contaminated equipment; aeosols (coughing, sneezing doplets); manue; pets and pests; visitos clothing and boots Yealings, olde hoses, unvaccinated hoses, immune compomised hoses, boodmaes, aeosols (coughing, sneezing doplets); manue; pets and pests; visitos clothing and boots Equine diseases use vectos and fomites to ente into an animal o hed that is susceptible to hosting the bacteia o vius. Hosts might not always get sick. Regadless, the host hose o hoses then seve as a esevoi of that infectious agent. The infection agent may be passed fom hose to hose via vectos (living entity that may cay the oganism) o fomites (inanimate objects that cay oganisms on thei suface). Examples of vectos ae: people, dogs, cats, othe hoses and wildlife. Examples of fomites ae bushes, haltes, buckets, hose tailes, saddle pads, stall doos etc. The fomites o vecto facilitates infectious oganisms tavel aound a pemise o community. Without you biosecuity effots, the cycle continues to spead disease. 8

9 How to Develop an Effective Biosecuity Pogam Congatulations! You ae on you way to stating (o updating!) you biosecuity pogam to potect you hoses and fam. The fist step is to conside how you ae at isk and identifying those isks. A isk assessment can be stated by evey hose owne to clealy identify what concens and disease tansmission isk s exist fo an individual animal, hed, and pemise. When pefoming a isk assessment, you must keep in mind the vaying factos that affect disease intoduction, tansmission and ecycling. You veteinaian is the best souce of pofessional advice to help you identify what you should be concened about and how you can implement change to minimize the isk of disease tansmission. Use this space to keep a list of questions o discussion points fo you veteinaian at you next hed health visit. 9

10 Notes 10 Step 1: Risk Assessments Biosecuity pogams should be developed specific to each hose, hed, hose owne s o facilities individual needs. The most effective way to evaluate need is to paticipate in a isk assessment suvey of isk factos. Following a isk assessment, you and you veteinaian can clealy identify the following: 1. What aeas have sufficient biosecuity in place? 2. Whee can you change the way daily opeations ae done to impove disease pevention and contol? 3. How can biosecuity be impoved? Afte completing a isk assessment suvey, hose ownes can have an educated discussion with thei veteinaian about biosecuity and make infomed decisions about which biosecuity potocols to implement to manage thei unique isk. The following Risk Assessment Chats ae designed fo hose ownes and facility opeatos to effectively eview thei cuent hed demogaphic, facility design and hose and facility isk factos to pinpoint disease contol Assess you isks and then make infomed decisions about implementing biosecuity potocols. and pevention aeas. It seves as a poweful tool to use in discussions with you veteinaian about developing specific potocols that you may conside implementing based on isk factos. The following Risk Assessment suveys ae sepaated into 5 sections: 1. Animal Risk Factos 2. Feed and Wate Risk Factos 3. Owne and Employee Risk Factos 4. Visito and Facility Uses Risk Factos 5. Pemise Risk Factos Each aea inquies about what you cuent pactices ae fo disease contol and pevention. Once you have identified cuent pactices, you can analyse you answes to detemine what aeas you want to implement additional biosecuity pactices. Once isk assessment has been completed, the next step is to decide what pactices of disease contol and pevention you want to engage in. You veteinaian can help you pioitize aeas fo implementation based on you eal and peceived isks.

11 What diseases ae you concened about? What opeational pactices put you at isk of disease intoduction, ecycling and o tansmission? What should you be concened about? Ask you veteinaian! What ae you aleady doing to limit you isks of disease in you hoses? 11

12 Notes 12 Step 2: Identifying potocols fo implementation Let s be honest. Biosecuity isn t always convenient. If it was, eveyone would do it! But it is necessay in many situations, to potect you hose s health and the health of the hoses in you equine community and in some cases, human health. Develop you pesonalised biosecuity pogam using the 3 management pillas of biosecuity. Animal health management and, Access management and, Opeational management These pillas cannot be viewed in isolation. To do so may give a hose owne a false sense of secuity that they ae doing what they can to be poactive in disease contol, when they may not be. You must conside all the vaiables of animals, facilities and people to develop the best most effective pogam. You veteinaian is the tained pofessional to account fo all the vaiable and offe advice on how to manage a complex envionment. Access Management Access management pinciples seve to addess isk management by looking at how disease may be intoduced into a hed, eithe fom outside the fam o fom anothe goup of animals on the same pemise. This pilla focuses on knowing what aeas of a fam, ban o stable ae needed based on the use of the facilities and animal movement. Contol Access to Fams, Bans and Hoses at Citical Points Establish visito paking well away fom bans, pens and pastues. Use clea signs! Conside having a clealy identified aea fo visiting hose tailes to pak, well away fom the main entance to the facility, ban o paddocks and pastues Establish zones to eflect diffeing standads of biosecuity Public Access Zone is an aea with whee no animal contact o cossove is anticipated. Identifying a public zone indicates to the public that thee ae also aeas whee you may not go! These aeas may include viewing/bleache aea, paking lot, stable/event office etc. Contolled Access Zone is an aea that you may identify aound bans, pens, handling aeas that should be esticted to employees and biosecuity educated facility uses. May be identified by a fence, sign, stip of cushed gavel etc. Resticted access zones should be any aea/pastue/pen whee animals commonly eside Quaantine should be an aea used fo newly aiving animals as an evaluation fo disease status befoe being intoduced to main hed (especially impotant fo ìclosedî heds) o fo animals that may be at isk of contacting disease e.g. compomised animals. The following ae impotant components of a quaantine pogam: Maintain a 2-3 week peiod of quaantine. Eliminate nose to nose contact with any othe hoses. Have sepaate watees, feed bins and buckets fo quaantined hoses. Label equipment, including halte, shovel, bucket, blanket, bidle etc., as QUAR- ANTINE and with the hose name Post signs outside of quaantine pens and stalls indicating quaantine status and esticted access. Wash hands pio to going in and coming out of pens/stalls. Clean and disinfect boots when exiting. Best pactices fo quaantine pogams include: Having outwea dedicated to the quaantine hoses and labeled as such. Resticting facility use by hoses in quaantine until quaantine peiod is expied e.g. wash ack, aena, alleyway would be off limits. Isolation should be used fo sick animals and should have the highest level of biosecuity potocols in place. The following ae components of an effective isolation set up:

13 NO contact with any othe hoses. Wash hands pio to going in and coming out of pens/ stalls. If in a stall, have at the end of the ow and with an empty stall beside the isolation stall. Have sepaate watees, feed bins and buckets fo isolation hoses. Clean and disinfect daily. Have non poous (ubbe) boots identified as isolation boots. Clean and disinfect them pio to going into isolation and upon exit fom isolation. Conside using disposable booties also. Label equipment, including halte, shovel, bucket, blanket, bidle etc., as ìisolationî and with the hose name. Keep isolation equipment in a closed bin diectly outside the quaantine stall/pen. Disinfect the outside evey time it is opened. Post signs outside of isolation pens and stalls indicating isolation status and esticted access. Signs ae most effective if posted a bit away fom the stall/pen vesus diectly on the stall. Have covealls specifically fo use in isolation. Label them and launde them afte each use o animal. Keep a coveed isolation laundy bin diectly outside isolation. Wash isolation laundy with detegent and bleach. Wea gloves when tansfeing to washe. Remembe to label the washe as isolation! Keep clean ISOLATION covealls in a closed bin outside the isolation aea fo quick access. Hoses should not leave isolation until cleaed by veteinaian as being safe to etun to geneal population. Some hoses may still be infectious even if they ae not showing clinical signs. All facility use is off limits to potect othe hoses in the facility. Best Pactice: Use disposable covealls and dispose of them afte each use, in a coveed isolation gabage. Post biosecuity signs at ban and pastue entances. Additional signage may benefit specific cases, such as outside the stall of a new hose. Best Pactice: Restict pets access to hoses in diffeent access zones. Whethe they ae fom the neighbos, visitos o stay animals, they can pesent a isk fo tansmitting disease fom goups of hoses o fam to fam. Fo example, thee is a stoy of a collie that oamed a neighbohood and is suspected to have been the cause of speading a significant bacteial disease thu the small community. Daw a diagam of you fam, stable o facility. Include stalls, outbuilding, coals, pastues, gates. Identify diffeent aeas of the diagam whee you could implement a zoning system. With a, identify whee signs should be posted. With a, identify aeas whee disease tansmission may occu. 13

14 Offe clean covealls o outwea and a boot bush and bath to pofessionals poviding sevice to you hoses. Veteinaians, faies, and othe equine health povides pesent eal isks of tansmitting disease to and fom ou hoses! Thee was no concuent documented tavel by the hoses o fam to fam visits by the people to allow fo the intoduction of the disease. Manage Visito Risk Visitos, especially those poviding you animal health sevices such as the veteinaian o faie cay eal isks fo intoducing disease to you hed. You can manage this isk by following some of these Best Pactices: Advise visitos pio to thei aival on fam that thee ae biosecuity expectations in place and ask they epot to the office o house befoe attending animal aeas. Establish visito paking well away fom animal handling and living aeas and post clea visible signs. Ask visitos about ecent tavel and animal contact, especially out of county. Use enhanced measues if visitos have tavelled aboad in the last 2 weeks. Restict visito access to animals whee possible. If contact is planned, have clean o disposable covealls and boots fo visitos to wea. This will limit the chance that any pathogenic oganisms on thei clothes o footwea will be passed to you animals. Keep a Visito Log Book with date, name and any pevious animal contact in the last 7 days, in a highly visible aea. You as a visito If you ae leaving you fam to visit anothe fam, apply visito ecommendations to youself. Wea clean clothes and footwea to the visiting pemise and launde clothes and disinfect footwea immediately upon etun, pio to going to animal aeas. Summay fo an Effective Biosecuity Pogam: Access Management Contol access to you fam, ban and animal aeas at citical points Quaantine new aivals to you fam, facility, opeation Manage visito isk Minimize the isk you pose as a visito to othe facilities, events and fams A visito log o guest book can be used to tack human movement in the event of a disease outbeak 14 Whee might you make changes to accessing you fam, ban and hoses?

15 Animal Health Management Plan animal movements to minimize isk of intoduction, tansmission o ecycling of disease Maintaining a closed hed is a low isk situation Quaantine hoses on aival; includes new hoses o hoses etuning home fom a comingling site such as a show, auction, odeo o veteinay clinic House hoses that do not leave the popety sepaately fom those that do This management technique will help potect the hoses that do not leave the popety fom the vaiety of vial and/o bacteial diseases that tavelling hoses may be exposed to and bing home This is especially impotant fo boodmaes in foal Fo these goups, avoid nose to nose contact and shaing watees, feedes, buckets and such with the tavelling goup Pio to moving young o sick animals, map a oute that is not though a heavily used aea such as alleyways, tie aeas o aena Paticipate in taceability pogams Fo additional infomation on Pemise Identification pogam that impacts hose ownes and equine facilities, visit and seach Pemise ID The Govenment of Pemises Identification Pogam is established in ode to tack the location of animals in case of an animal disease occuence, a public health elated emegency, o an emegency such as a natual disaste affecting animals and people. Regulations equiing pemises identification became law Januay 1, 2009 as pat of the Animal Health Act. Fo additional infomation on Canadian taceability visit: This website addesses livestock taceability; thee is no equine specific equiement. Enhance animal segegation with additional biosecuity measues including: Regulate pedestian, vehicle taffic and manue handling to educe coss contamination and closeness to animals. Conside the diection and timing fo this disease eduction stategy. Limit equipment movement between pens, clean and disinfect thooughly if unavoidable. Plan alleyways, gates and doos to be able to easily move animals without coss contaminating othe living aeas. Quaantine new hoses fo 2-3 weeks pio to intoducing them to known healthy hoses. Notes 15

16 Ensue tanspot tucks ae clean, disinfected and insed popely pio to tanspoting hoses. In the event it is not pactical to quaantine hoses on etun home, you must be diligent about minimizing you isk of contacting a vial o bacteial disease while away fom home. Manage disease isk while tavelling If you ae tavelling with hoses on a weekly o even monthly basis, attending agicultual events, maybe competing o attending clinics, it may not be pactical fo you to quaantine you hoses when they etun home. If this is you case, hee ae some ecommendations you should conside to minimize the isk of binging home a disease: 1. Ensue you hose, and any that it might be in contact with when it etuns home, have vaccinations that ae cuent and elevant to the diseases in you aea. Consult you veteinaian to establish a elevant vaccination pogam fo tavelling hoses and those they ae in contact with! 2. Bing you own wate bucket and avoid communal watees and toughs. Do not let you hose dink fom communal wate souces. Fill you bucket fom a hose o pump that delives fesh clean wate. 3. Tie you hose to you own taile. If you must tie to anothe site, choose a non poous suface and disinfect it pio to leaving you hose tied. Manage disease isk while tavelling, if you cannot quaantine tavelling hoses at home. 4. When aiving at you event, staging aea o tempoay stall: a. Remove used bedding that may be pesent. b. Clean the walls, ailings and doo to emove oganic mateial (mud, manue, dit). c. Disinfect the walls, ailings, doos, and floo (if not dit) paying attention to watees and handles, and latches. Ensue you leave the disinfectant on fo the appopiate contact time and inse if equied by manufactues instuctions. d. Put in fesh clean bedding (if needed) Tool Kit fo Mobile Biosecuity Effots 1. Scub bush 2. Shovel and boom 3. Soap o detegent concentate fo cleaning 4. 4L jug of wate fo mixing cleane and disinfectant (sepaately of couse!) 5. Measuing cup fo measuing accuate amounts of wate and disinfectant concentate 6. Bucket fo cleaning and mixing disinfectant (should not be used to wate hoses) 7. Appopiate disinfectant concentate e.g. Vikon powde o tabs 8. Hand held spay bottle fo applying disinfectant What else would you cay in you tool kit? 16

17 Monito individual animal and hed health In conjunction with you veteinaian, establish a Disease Response Plan. A disease esponse plan is especially valuable if thee is moe than 1 peson who may be in chage of the cae of you hoses. It may include: Nomal hose vital signs and guidelines about when values ae abnomal. When to contact a veteinaian, who will contact the veteinaian and contact infomation. Teatment potocols appoved by you veteinaian. Potocols fo in the event of an emegency, such as colic, tangled in wie, taile accident, sevee weathe etc. Establish and follow egula outines fo obseving animals; daily is ecommended. Wok with you veteinaian to develop and document a disease esponse plan. Keep a ecod fo individual animals that may include: Nomal values fo vital statistics (heat ate, espiation ate, tempeatue, gut sounds, weight, height. Notes of changes of behaviou, feeding patten. Veteinay examinations. Medications administeed (including dose, amount, fequency, duation). Vaccines o dewomes administeed. Wok with a veteinaian to design a pesonalized vaccine pogam fo you paticula heds. Follow established vaccine pogam; consult you veteinaian pio to diveging. Quaantine new animals until disease status is established and vaccinations ae in place. Isolate sick animals as soon as possible and consult you veteinaian fo appopiate diagnosis and teatment. Summay fo an Effective Biosecuity Pogam: Animal Management Quaantine new animals fo a minimum of 2-3 weeks Paticipate in taceability pogams Handle healthy animals befoe sick animals as outine pactice Establish a disease esponse plan with you veteinaian Keep a health ecod fo each animal Get veteinay advice about vaccination potocols fo you hose(s) Isolate sick animals as soon as possible and consult you veteinaian fo appopiate diagnosis and teatment Whee might you make changes to you animal management stategies to impove you disease pevention and contol effots? 17

18 18 Notes Opeational Management Animal Husbandy Wash you hands afte handling a hose and befoe handling a hose in a diffeent zones Keep young o susceptible animals as clean and dy as possible Use pastues that ae well dained Avoid focing animals to gaze down to the oots of gasslands to limit the paasites they ingest esiding on the gound Handle healthy hoses befoe sick hoses as outine pactice Monito all animals on a daily basis fo nomal vesus abnomal behavio and health indicatos such as: Wounds, lesions, hai loss Signs of depession Abnomal dischage fom eyes o nose Clean and Disinfect Equipment and Bans Designate equipment fo each hose, hed and fam Avoid shaing equipment with othe bans Wash vehicles egulaly, and especially afte visiting anothe fam o co-mingling site, high pessue wash and disinfectant the unde caiage and wheel wells. Keep the inteio cab of fam vehicles clean and fee e of dity covealls, boots o equipment. Disinfect egulaly. Follow manufac-actue s diections when using commecial cleaning and disinfection poducts. Designate equipment fo hoses that ae housed sepaately. Label bushes, buckets, haltes, etc. to help keep equipment use consistent. Clean and disinfect equipment befoe using on a hose that is housed in anothe zone o on anothe pemise. Keep in mind the following points when cleaning and disinfecting equipment, bans, pens, stalls: Read all labels thooughly fo Use, Diection, Safety Requiements and Toxological Infomation. Cleaning and Disinfection should have a potocol just as vaccination and medication pogams. In the potocol ecod the following infomation: Poduct used Rationale fo selection of that poduct Concentation used (include calculations) Mixing pocedue Volume used Aea coveed Application method (spay, fog, etc.) Safety pecautions suggest- ed by manufactue Dying conditions Cleane used Validations fo all of the above Disinfectants have stengths and weaknesses. Those that ae excellent against bacteia may not be the poduct of choice against viuses. Ease of application and safety ae majo consideations. Consult you veteinaian fo ecommendations.

19 Thee ae alkaline and acid cleanes. DO NOT USE (OR MIX) CHLORINE WITH ACID CLEANERS. Use the coect dilution of disinfectant. Disinfectants wok best at appoved levels. Moe is not necessaily bette. Disinfectants must be mixed popely befoe use. Use wam o hot wate to mix disinfectants, as most disinfectants, detegents and soaps have inceased activity in wam wate. Follow local govenment egulations egading the application of disinfectants to ensue compliance with envionmental legislation. Cleaning and Disinfection Potocol Hee is a sample cleaning and disinfection potocol that may be modified to fit you own use and facility. This potocol may be applied to ails, equine stalls, stocks, tie ail, walls, doos and non poous floos to clean and disinfect. Don t foget you hose taile! 1. The floos will initially be scooped and fee of fecal mateial. Fecal mateial will be tanspoted by wheelbaow to identified aea whee uncontaminated animal waste is to be deposited; ideally compost aea. Floos may also be swept if applicable. 2. The animal housing/teatment aea such as ails, chutes, stalls, stocks and walls, doos and floos should be spayed and cleaned. Conside using a dilution device such as a pessue washe with hot wate and detegent (such as Nutafoam o Sunlight, which is a neutal ph detegent). The aea will be geneally scubbed and washed and fee fom any goss contaminant. 3. The aea should be left to dy. If aea use is continuing within the same day, the aea should be squeegied in ode to emove as much wate as possible. 4. The following day, afte dying, the aea will be completely coveed in disinfectant solution (such as Vikon 1%), and then allowed to dy. Disinfectants equie contact time with sufaces to be effective. Check manufactue s diections. 5. If time does not allow fo complete dying befoe applying disinfectant solution, squeegee as much wate as possible to the dain; apply disinfectant and allow a minimum contact time of accoding to manufactue s diections. (Vikon 1% is 15 minutes) Afte this, if the aea is needed; the Vikon may then be squeegeed off. Use Pesonal Potective Equipment (PPE) Fo poduces, staff and visitos enteing esticted aeas, including isolation o quaantine: Have clean covealls and boots available fo visitos and sevice pesonnel and make sue they use them! This will minimize the isk visitos will intoduce a disease causing pathogen into you hed. Conside using disposable booties and covealls when enteing quaantine and/ o isolation. A simple cossove station at the entance and exit to isolation. Physical baies seve to emind people to change footwea, outwea and wash hands pio to enteing and upon exiting quaantine and/o isolation Notes 19

20 Notes Contol Pests with a Pest Management Pogam Conduct contol measues weekly to effectively disupt the fly lifecycle. If/when insecticides ae used, emove animals and follow manufactue s diections. Build odent poof feed stoage aeas. Keep vegetation mowed shot and eliminate standing wate sites. Establish, follow and document a dewoming pogam fo all species on the pemise. Use bait stations fo insects and odents. Be sue they ae out of each of pets and stay animals. Eliminate pest habitats and beeding aeas fo pests. Clean up manue, spilled feed and standing wate as soon as possible. Keep feed stoed in pest poof bins. Communicate with neighbos about you effots to educe fly populations. 20 Communicate Biosecuity Pogam Effectively Use highly visible clea signage to post you biosecuity potocols. Include biosecuity potocols in staff taining and document employees completion of taining. Educate facility uses about biosecuity expectations. Conside adding a discussion of biosecuity to a Welcome Booklet. Make Visitos awae of biosecuity potocols befoe they aive on the fam, at the ban o at the stable. Keep a Visito log book with date, name and any pevious animal contact in the last 7 days. Display the log book in a location that is accessible to employees, facility uses, ownes and visitos. Encouage them to use it! Conside having a copy of the facilities biosecuity pogam and potocols available fo eview in the same location as the guest book. Visitos should be accompanied by an employee o facility use educated in the biosecuity expectations to assist in com- pliance with biosecuity potocols o ensue signage is adequate to communicate expectations. Enhance you biosecuity measues with the following Best Pactices: Identify access/enty points (oadways, laneways etc.), ideally with a physical baie such as a gate. Establish vaccine expectations fo haul in facility uses; ask them to commit to meeting those expectations by signing a waive o poviding poof of vaccines with the individual hoses health ecod. Conside ecognizing an individual with you oganization, ban, iding club etc. as a Biosecuity Champion. Maybe it is the stable manage, o iding instucto, o a facility use with an inteest in animal health and wellness. Thei ole might include: Documenting biosecuity pogam fo you club Go to peson fo infomation on you club s biosecuity standads

21 Summay fo an Effective Biosecuity Pogam: Opeational Management Communicate biosecuity pogam effectively with clea visible signs Contol pests and pets Encouage use of pesonal potective equipment (PPE) Clean and disinfect equipment pio to and afte use Maintain good animal husbandy Whee might you add components of Opeational Management to you facility o fam to incease disease pevention and contol measues? 21

22 Notes Whee can you get help? NO biosecuity pogam is 100% effective because pogams ae only effective as long as ownes, handles and visitos ae educated about the pogam and ae committed to pacticing good disease pevention and contol. EVERYDAY. Veteinaians ae the logical choice to help potect the health and wellness of you equine patnes. Disease contol is thei pofessional aea of focus in the inteests of animal health and public health. The infomation pesented in this booklet is intended to encouage you to have an educated discussion with you veteinaian to be sue that you ae doing what you can (and want to do!) to potect you equine investment and fulfill you obligation of potecting the equine community at lage. Specific questions, concens, ideas and potocols should be discussed with you veteinaian who has the best undestanding of you isk factos. Use that esouce! Visit the Veteinay Medical Association Public Resouces website at and click on Biosecuity fo additional esouces on a vaiety of species. If you suspect you hose(s) have been exposed to o contacted a disease, contact you veteinaian immediately. These esouces have been poduced in coopeation with each animal poduction industy. Click on the Diectoy tab to seach fo a veteinaian close to you. Fo additional infomation, o access to this booklet and accompanying PowePoint pesentation to delive to you own goup of hose enthusiasts, contact the Fedeation, Agicultue and Rual Development has a wide vaiety of esouces fo public eview and use. Visit thei biosecuity website 22

23 Summay You have obligations as a membe of the equine community. One of those obligations is to pactice safe and effective means of disease pevention and contol. Be conscious of you ole in the tansmission of pathogenic oganisms and how those oganisms may affect you, you hose, you hed, and the equine community at lage. Do not tavel with you hose if you suspect you hose o anothe hose that it is housed with, has a contagious disease. Effective biosecuity pogams can be developed in 2 steps. Step #1 is assessing you hoses isk of contacting (and speading) pathogenic oganisms that may cause disease. At the end of this booklet ae a seies of Risk Assessment chats that may be used by hose ownes, handles, facility opeatos, event manages and anyone who has o is involved in hoses. Complete them at you leisue to identify aeas that may equie some attention to close gaps in disease tansmission, intoduction and ecycling. You may also conside using them as a platfom to discuss specific biosecuity ecommendations with you veteinaian. Step #2 of establishing effective biosecuity is implementation of pocedues and potocols elated to isk management. Signage, education awaeness and commitment ae key components to effective pogams. This manual contains a wide vaiety of ecommendations based on the 3 pillas of biosecuity including Animal Management, Access Management and Opeational Management. Implement them all, o pick and choose which ecommendations ae pactical fo you situation. Be awae and educated of the isks you need to manage and the choices you can make to manage those isks. k Notes 23

24 24 Glossay Best Pactices: Fo this document a best pactice is a pogam, pocess, stategy, o activity that has been shown to be effective in the pevention and contol of disease; is based on cuent infomation; is of value to, o tansfeable to, othe oganizations. Biocontainment: Keeping disease causing pathogens inside a paticula aea to avoid contaminating othe animals, equipment, pemises etc. Bioexclusion: a set of pactices used to minimize the intoduction of pathogens and pests in animal and plant populations into specific pathogen fee (SPF) heds/facilities, beeding facilities o othe such opeations. Biosecuity: a set of pactices used to minimize the tansmission of pathogens and pests in animal and plant populations including thei intoduction (bioexclusion), spead within the populations, and elease (biocontainment) Comingling Site: Any location whee animals ae bought togethe fom moe than one location; May be shot o long tem; Examples include veteinay clinic, auction, summe pastue, staging site, hose show, odeo, 4-H event, hose clinic etc. Closed Hed: A hed the does not intoduce new animals on a egula basis; maintains its own beeding stock; is isolated fom diect contact with othe same species heds, flocks etc.; intoduction of new animals follows a stict quaantine and obsevation peiod which may include diagnostic testing to detemine health status. Contact time: A specific amount of time, identified by manufactues, equied by disinfectants to adequately disinfect o steilize a suface; may vay with concentation, tempeatue, pesence/absence of oganic matte. Decontamination: the pocess that emoves micooganisms fom an object, endeing it safe fo handling; the pocess of cleaning, followed by the inactivation of pathogenic micooganisms, in ode to ende an object safe fo handling. Disinfectant: a chemical agent used on inanimate objects to destoy vitually all ecognized pathogenic micooganisms, but not all micobial foms (e.g. bacteial spoes). Disinfection: a pocess that kills most oganisms but aely kills all spoes; a pocess that kills most foms of micooganisms on inanimate sufaces; 3 levels of disinfection ae low, intemediate and high. Fomite: An inanimate object o substance, such as clothing, funitue, o soap, that is capable of tansmitting infectious oganisms fom one individual to anothe. FAD: Foeign Animal Disease; a disease not nomally found in Canada; fedeally and povincially epotable by a veteinaian o diagnostic lab immediately upon suspicion o confimation of pesence in animal(s). Infectious Agent: micooganism capable of causing disease in humans; infectivity is affected by the oganisms viability, viulence, invasiveness and pathogenicity. Mode of Tansmission: the method wheeby the oganisms ae tansmitted fom one place to the next. Examples may be by diect contact, indiect contact with a contaminated body substance, vectos, and fomites (contact with inanimate objects caying infectious disease). Pathogen: something that can cause disease; e.g. bacteia, vius, toxin Pesonal potective equipment (PPE): Specialized equipment o potective clothing used to potect oneself fom diect exposue to blood, tissue o body fluids; may include gloves, gowns, fluid-esistant apons, head and foot coveings, face shields o masks, eye potection, and ventilation devices (e.g. mouthpieces, espiato bags, pocket masks). Pemise: an aea of land whee ecodable animals ae bed, kept, aised, displayed, assembled o disposed of. Potocol: a set of ules o pactices that outline a way of behaviou o accomplishing tasks, daily opeations, teatments; ideally witten and accessible to employees, facility uses, poduces, hose ownes. Repotable: A disease that eithe the fedeal o povincial govenment identify as poses a isk to animal o public health and safety. Resevoi: a souce that allows fo micobial gowth and multiplication; examples include people, equipment, and mateials. Sanitize: a pocess that substantially educed the bacteial count without eliminating all micobial foms. Steilization: a pocess that kills all micooganisms, including bacteia, viuses, spoes and fungi. Susceptible Host: a peson o animal who lacks the immunity o esistance to the invasion of the body and epoduction by the micooganisms, esulting in infection. Vecto: An oganism, such as a mosquito, tick o peson, that tansmits disease-causing micooganisms fom an infected peson o animal to anothe. Zoonotic Disease: disease caused by viuses, bacteia, paasites and fungi that ae tansmitted fom animals and insects to humans and can cause human disease. E.g. Methicillan Resistant Staphylococcus aueus (MRSA), Salmonella ssp. 3

25 Risk Assessment Chats Section A: Animal Risk Factos Do you: YES / Always Sometimes NO / Neve Comments / Action Points Opeate as a closed hed? If no, do you: Isolate new hoses fo 2-3 weeks? Identify zones that ae closed to public access? Beed by live cove? Beed by Atificial Insemination (AI)? Test all beeding specimens, eithe studs o semen, fo Contagious Equine Metitis (CEM)? Isolate new hoses fo 2-3 weeks? Isolate clinically sick animals? Use sepaate pens fo foaling and sick animals? If yes: Clean and disinfect foaling pens between biths? Clean and disinfect sick pens/cates between animals? Follow a veteinaian eviewed vaccination pogam against specific diseases of concen? If yes: Vaccine pogam documented? Requie all boades/leases to comply with the vaccine policy? Requie all facility uses to comply with vaccination policy? Have a health ecod fo each animal? If yes: Document medications, vaccines and dewome given, when and by whom? Recod nomal vitals fo each hose (HR, RR, Temp) 25

26 Do you: YES / Always Sometimes NO / Neve Comments / Action Points Document all incidences of hose illness to monito fo tends? Follow a veteinaian eviewed dewome pogam? If yes: Document dewome pogam? Have effectiveness of dewoming policy tested egulaly with fecal floats? Requie all boade/leases to comply with the dewoming pogam? Section B: Feed and Wate Risk Factos Do you: YES / Always Sometimes NO / Neve Comments / Action Points Take measues to ensue that the main feed supply cannot be contaminated with manue? Restict manue application to field cops? Take measues to limit exposue of feed supply to odents, pets and/o wildlife? Clean and disinfect wates between hoses o heds? Pactice sanitation to minimize contamination of livestock wates by manue and/o uine? Is the souce of livestock dinking wate: Unteated suface wate? Gound wate? Teated suface wate? Municipal wate? 26

27 Section C: Owne and Employee Risk Factos Do you: YES / Always Sometimes NO / Neve Comments / Action Points Wok with animals youngest to oldest? Wok with hoses fom healthy to sick? Clean and disinfect equipment between animals o goups of animals housed sepaately? Use equipment fo single puposes? E.g. shovel fo manue, diffeent one fo clean bedding Change, disinfect boots o use disposable boot coves boots when woking with neonate foals? Put on o change outwea and footwea befoe woking with hoses in isolation, sick pens o quaantine? Change to clean outwea and disinfect footwea afte woking with hoses in isolation, sick pens o quaantine? Wea footwea and outewea specific to that ban/stable/ facility? Have access to o know whee the ban/stable/facility is biosecuity potocols ae documented? Undestand and comply with the biosecuity potocols? 27

28 Section D: Facility Use and Visito Risk Factos Do you: YES / Always Sometimes NO / Neve Comments / Action Points Have a visito log book in plain view of the main entance that would be used by visitos? Requie all visitos to sign the visito log at each visit? Post biosecuity potocols in plain sight fo visitos to ead undestand and follow? Have posted potocols that include a name and contact infomation fo visitos to be diected to fo claification? Restict visitos fom enteing the ban and outbuildings pio to contacting management? Povide hand washing stations? Povide visitos and fam sevice wokes with clean boots, and/o outwea? Have a designated, signed paking aea fo visitos, visiting tailes and employees? Post a diagam of fam/ban layout clealy identifying access zones? Have access to o know whee the ban/stable/facility is biosecuity potocols ae documented? Undestand and comply with the biosecuity potocols? 28

29 Section E: Pemise Risk Factos Do you: YES / Always Sometimes NO / Neve Comments / Action Points Keep animals fom diffeent sites o zones sepaate at all times? Pevent uncontolled pets fom accessing bans and stalls? Retun animals to the fam that have left the pemise? If yes: Isolate those animals on etun? Ensue they ae fully vaccinated? Ensue any hoses that may come into contact with them ae compliant to the vaccine policy? Clean and disinfect tuck and taile afte etuning? Have egulaly positioned and maintained hand washing stations? Soap and wate? Wateless hand washing agents? Encouage hand washing between animal contacts? Make available and maintain boot washes? Nea main entances? Outside isolation stalls/pens? Outside quaantine stalls/pens? Outside foaling stalls/pens? Have a documented pest contol pogam especially to limit flies in facilities and on hoses? Identify one halte and lead ope pe hose? If no: Limit haltes and lead opes to one goup of animals? 29

30 Quick Refeence Disinfectant Chat fo Poduces Type Poducts 3 Uses 4 Advantages Disadvantages Cautions 5 Alcohols Aldehydes: Fomaldehyde/ Glutealdehyde Hypochloites Iodophos Oxidizing Agents Phenols Quatenay Ammonium Peoxide AlphaDyne Plus (Chemi3); Relyon Disinfectant Spay (Dupont) Fomaline (Vétoquinol); Pofilm (Pfize); Viocid (Meial) BioSenty Chlo-A- Foam (Pfize); Javex (Colgate-Palmolive) Biodine, Mikoklene, Ban-Stom Iodine Cleane Sanitize (Ostem) Vikon (Vétoquinol); Hypeox (Vétoquinol); Hypeox 1-Stoke Envion (Steis); Multi- Phenolic Disinfectant (Bio Agi Mix); Envion LPH BioSenty 904 (Pfize); Clinicide (Bimeda-MTC); Poquat (Pfize); Quatsyl -D Plus (Pfize); Rocco (Vétoquinol) Peoxigad (Baye), acceleated hydogen peoxide Disinfecting Vapo-Phase Suface Disinfecting Fumigant Fo the cleaning and disinfection of had non-poous envionment sufaces Cleaning and disinfecting buildings, cates and tucks Cleaning & disinfection of sufaces & equipment. Aeial disinfection. Sanitizing dinking wate system Simultaneous cleaning, disinfection and deodoization. Cleaning and disinfection of vehicles, animal buildings and equipment. Sanitizing and disinfecting in veteinay hospitals and animal cae facilities. Rapid action, evapoate with little esidue; good fo disinfecting clean hands Viicidal; biodegadable Not advesely affected by wate hadness o low tempeatue wate. Inexpensive; many ae biodegadable; long stoage life Biodegadable Not affected by had wate, esidue activity, good stoage life; Effective in pesence of some oganic mateial; Compatible with many soaps, detegents ; Good esidual activity; Does not stain sufaces Effective at high ph and temp.; Vey good stoage life; Many ae biodegadable; Effective ove wide ph ange. Detegent activity, esidual activity Fast evapoation educes available contact time; Reduced activity in the pesence of oganic matte Do not mix with othe disinfectants. Do not use with acid cleane. No esidual activity. Stains some sufaces; Rapidly inactivated in oganic mateial; Effectiveness deceased in basic ph (>7) Do not exceed thity minutes fo metal objects. Handle in such a way to minimize dust elease. Concentate is coosive. Inactivated in oganic matte, had wate and by many soaps/detegents Coosive mateial. May dy with a esidue that equies insing. Do not mix with othe cleaning o disinfecting poducts. Eye and skin iitation. Poisonous if inhaled. Keep out of each of childen. The powde is iitating to eyes, skin and mucous membanes. May cause buns to the skin and eyes. The vapou is hamful if inhaled. Do not get powde in eyes. Powde iitating to eyes, skin and mucous membanes. Poison. Keep out of each of childen. Causes eye and skin damage. Do not get in eyes, on skin o on clothing Coosive to eyes. Wea goggles o face shield, potective clothing and ubbe gloves when handling. May cause buns. Avoid contact with eyes and skin. Wea suitable potective clothing. Do not stoe in food pocessing aeas. Avoid stoage at elevated tempeatues. 3 Does not constitute an endosement o guaantee effectiveness of poduct. 4 Consult a pofessional fo ecommendations fo specific puposes. 5 Read all waning labels. Follow manufactue s diections. 30

31 Checklist and Tool Kit fo the Tavelling Hose What Did you consult a veteinaian about vaccines fo you tavelling hose(s)? Did you consult a veteinaian about vaccines fo you not tavelling hoses? Ae vaccines cuent and up to date on tavelling and not tavelling hoses? Why To ensue you have consideed all the diseases that can be vaccinated against that may pesent a isk to you hose and hed Hoses in contact with tavelling hoses ae at isk of contacting a pathogenic oganism that a tavelling hose may bing home Most vaccines ae labelled fo yealy administation. Potection a vaccine offes does decease with time. How long? Ask you veteinaian! Do you have the following infomation: Health ecod, including nomal values Health ecods may be equied by facilities, shows, events etc. to povide assuance of hoses vaccination and disease status. E.g. Coggin s tests. Knowing nomal values fo each hose can help identify when values ae not nomal and by how much Contact infomation fo veteinaian on site o local to destination? In case you need it in an emegency! Do you have the following equipment to enact you own biosecuity measues while away: Scub bush To clean stalls/pens pio to disinfecting Shovel and boom To emove existing, possibly dity o contaminated bedding Soap o detegent concentate Fo cleaning 4L jug of wate; measuing cup may be helpful Fo measuing and mixing cleane and/o disinfectant Bucket Fo cleaning and disinfectant mixing Appopiate disinfectant concentate To make up pactical usable volumes of disinfectant as needed Hand held spay bottle To apply disinfectant to non poous sufaces e.g. stalls, ailings, tie ail as needed Own wate bucket(s) To wate you hoses and avoid communal watees Own feed bucket(s) Is all you equipment labelled? Do you have clea, visible signage indicating special instuctions, such as: Please wash hands Resticted access Contact name and phone numbe 31

32 This best pactices guide was developed as a joint initiative with the Veteinay Medical Association (ABVMA), Fedeation and Gowing Fowad. Mateial may not be used o epoduced without expess witten pemission of the ABVMA. Copyight 2011