Kuwait Chapter of Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review Vol. 3, No.1; Sep. 2013

Transcription

1 Kuwait Chapte of Aabian Jounal of Business and Management Review Vol 3, o1; Sep 2013 Evaluating the elative impotance of al intelligence dimensions incidence of Exta-ole Behavio at Social Secuity Oganization in Adabil povince MahnazShahi Depatment of Management, Gemi Banch, Islamic Azad Univesity, Gemi, Ian Mohammad Feizi (PhD) Depatment of Management, MeshkinShah Banch, Islamic Azad Univesity, MeshkinShah, Ian Abstact This study has done to evaluating the elative impotance of al intelligence dimensions (Self- awaeness, Awaeness and ecognition of in othes, in the self and othes, Use of to facilitate pefomance) and Exta-ole Behavio (intepesonal citizenship behavio and oganizational citizenship behavio) at Social Secuity Oganization in Adabil povince We detemined the amount of the sample size with the used of Cochan sampling method which the statistical sample is 172 of these employees which have been selected though the Statified andom sampling in 14 classes To gatheing of data, we used two questionnaie We used Relative Impotance method and Peason Coelation to analyze the eseach hypothesesthe findings of hypothesis 1 show that the elative impotance/weight of each constucts of al intelligence in influencing to oganizational citizenship behaviois not the same And also, the findings of hypothesis 2 show that the elative impotance/weight of each constucts of al intelligence in influencing to intepesonal citizenship behaviois not the same Keywods: al intelligence, intepesonal citizenship behavio and oganizational citizenship behavio ITRODUCTIO It s what makes us espond to a cying baby, a fuowed bow o a smiling face It s also what bings us togethe, lifts us upwad and inspies us onwad Defined by psychologists in the ealy 90s, Emotional Intelligence is the ability to monito one s own and othes feelings and s, to disciminate among them and to use this infomation to guide one s thinking and actions Know thyself, said Plutach, witing in ancient Geece ow extend that to othes Accoding to Maye et al (2003), Emotional intelligence involves poblem solving with and about s While no substitute fo ability, knowledge, o skills, Emotional Intelligence (EI) can be a significant asset on the job EI can affect the bottom line: In one study, expeienced patnes with high EI in a multinational fim deliveed $12 million moe pofit fom thei accounts - 139% - ove thei cohots 85

2 Kuwait Chapte of Aabian Jounal of Business and Management Review Vol 3, o1; Sep 2013 EI can influence effectiveness: a study of manufactuing supevisos given EI taining saw a eduction of 50% in lost-time accidents, 20% in fomal gievances, and plant poductivity goals exceeded by $250,000 EI can affect pesonal success: In a coss-cultual study of senio executives, EI competencies outweighed both IQ and expeience in top pefomes (Stone, 2009) Emotional Intelligence is fomed in infancy, but unlike IQ it can be honed and developed with pactice Some seem to possess it in high degee: those in sales, human esouces, health cae and custome sevice, fo instance EI people tend to be socially poised, outgoing, cheeful, committed to people o causes, esponsible, ethical, sympathetic, caing in elationships, and comfotable with themselves and othes all positive attibutes fo the Value AnalysisPofessional The quickest oute to EI in any given situation is though asking youself fou questions: How ae you and the othe peson feeling? What ae you and the othe peson thinking as a esult of you feelings? What caused you and the othe peson to feel the way you do? What will you do to manage you, and the othe peson s, feelings? (Alene, 2007) Two of the pionees of the concept of Emotional Intelligence defined it as "the ability to monito one's own and othes' s, to disciminate among them, and to use the infomation to guide one's thinking and actions" (Salovey and Maye, 1990) Components of al intelligence include: Awaeness and ecognition of in othes in the self and othes Use of to facilitate pefomance Thee has been intense media inteest in al intelligence duing the 1990s Howeve, ecent wok by Austalian and Ameican eseaches (Davies, Stankov and Robets, 1998) suggests that the concept may not exist as a unique human ability in its own ight Rathe, it has been descibed as a new way of dessing up what is familia - the concepts of pesonality and intelligence One of the places that you can wok on you al skills is in the wokplacemany yeas ago, befoe the concept of al intelligence waswidely known, a senio executive at a lage company told me that shave no place at wok You simply left half you bain at home and boughtthe othe half with you to the office Fotunately, most people s attitudeshave changed since then The wokplace, unfotunately, is a stessful place fo many people woldwide,accoding to inteviews that I ve done and suveys that my oganization(multi-health Systems) has caied out We ve helped pionee the eseachthat bought al intelligence to the wokplace, and we found out muchabout how al intelligence can incease poductivity, impove teamwok,and make you feel bette about you wok and you wokplace alongthe way You can impove you al intelligence skills by using some ofthe activities in this book at wok 86

3 Kuwait Chapte of Aabian Jounal of Business and Management Review Vol 3, o1; Sep 2013 Based on a numbe of studies that Multi-Health Systems and othes have caiedout, inceasing you al intelligence at wok has many benefits,including the ability to: - Bette manage stess at wok - Impove you elationships with co-wokes - Deal moe effectively with you supeviso - Be moe poductive - Be a bette manage o/and leade - Bette manage you wok pioities - Be a bette team playe Because people who have high al intelligence ae moe in tune withthe people and situations in the wokplace, they geneally get compaativelygeate pay aises, accoding to a ecent study by Stephan Cote and his colleaguesat the Rotman Business School, Univesity of Toonto (Stein, 2009) Cavazotte et al, (2012) investigate the effects of intelligence, pesonality taits and EI, as measued by the WLEIS - a self-epot measue, on pefomance of 134 midlevel manages fom a lage Bazilian company that opeates in the enegy secto Pefomance was detemined by the annual pefomance atings Results evealed a elationship between EI and pefomance; howeve, afte contolling fo intelligence and pesonality, this elationship became non-significant The best pedicto of the manage's pefomance in this study was tansfomational leadeship, as detemined using thei subodinates' atings on the Multifacto Leadeship Questionnaie The implications fo pactice ae twofold Fist, the findings einfoce the need to use contol vaiables (ie, intelligence, pesonality and expeience) when testing the implications of EI, calling attention to the fact that empiical esults might be inflated wheneve contol vaiables ae omitted Second, because the analyses show that 75% of vaiance in EI was explained by intelligence and pesonality, concens ae aised egading the disciminant validity of the WLEIS scale This einfoces the idea that tests of EI need to be significantly diffeent fom pesonality and intelligence tests Fah et al (2012) examine the elationship between EI, as measued by the MCEIT, and job pefomance by taking into account context of the job A sample of 212 pofessionals fom vaious oganizations and industies indicated suppot fo the effect of EI, above and beyond the influence of pesonality, cognitive ability, al labo job demands, job complexity, and demogaphic contol vaiables Moe specifically, esults showed that EI elated moe positively to pefomance unde a high manageial wok demands context of jobs that equie management of divese individuals, functions, and lines of business, potentially because such job contexts activate and allow high-ei individuals to act in ally intelligent ways that facilitate thei pefomance The esults indicate that the elationship between EI and pefomance is not diect; thus, manages should ecognize that selecting ally intelligent employees o taining employees' EI may not lead to highe pefomance outcomes in all situations, but investing in the EI of employees woking in jobs chaacteized by high manageial demands may be a good thing to do Mossholde et al (2005) believe that oganizational citizenship behavio concept coves a wide ange of exta-ole po-social behavios within an oganizational 87

4 Kuwait Chapte of Aabian Jounal of Business and Management Review Vol 3, o1; Sep 2013 context, intepesonal citizenship behavio is focused moe naowly on helping behavios diected at cowokes The benefits of intepesonal citizenship behavio (ICB) in tems of exta-ole behavio make it a suitable dependent vaiable of desiable oganizational attitudes and behavio upon which to test competing theoies of motivation Ogan et al, (2006) othe dimensions of oganizational citizenship behavio such as spotsmanship and conscientiousness ae cetainly gemane Recent eseach highlights the impotance of an undelying helpfulness dimension captued in ICB In paticula, ICB has been expected to help cowokes be moe poductive while inceasing employee moale and cohesiveness Indeed, LePine, Eez and Johnson (2002: 61), based on a meta-analysis elying on ove 100 studies, go so fa as to suggest that, Fom a theoetical standpoint scholas should begin to explicitly think of Ogan s (1988) OCB as a latent constuct Given that the five dimensions seem to be behavioal manifestations of positive coopeativeness at wok, pehaps this latent OCB constuct should be edefined as a geneal tendency to be coopeative and helpful in oganizational settings (italics added)( Sanjay et al, 2007) Davies and Stankov Accoding to the Exta-ole Behavio (intepesonal citizenship behavio and oganizational citizenship behavio)and al intelligence (Self- awaeness, Awaeness and ecognition of in othes, in the self and othes, Use of to facilitate pefomance), we designed the Initial conceptual model of eseach (See Fig1) Figue1- Conceptual model of eseach Self- awaeness Exta-ole Behavio (oganizational citizenship behavio ) al intelligence Awaeness and ecognition of in othes in the self and othes Use of to facilitate pefomance METHOD The main pupose of this study is evaluating the elative impotance of Exta-ole Behavio (intepesonal citizenship behavio and oganizational citizenship behavio) and al intelligence The population of this study is Social Secuity Oganizationemployees in Adabil povince that wee 311 We detemined the amount of the sample size with the used of Cochan sampling method which the statistical sample is 172 of these employees which have been selected though the Statified andom sampling in 14 classes Table 1 shows the amount of employees in each class Table 1- Reseach envionment and sample size 88

5 Kuwait Chapte of Aabian Jounal of Business and Management Review Vol 3, o1; Sep 2013 n Adabil Office Adabil Banch Adabil Banch Saein 11 7 amin 17 9 Gemi 11 7 PARSABAD Meshkinsha Bilesua 11 7 Khalkhal Total To gatheing of data, we used two questionnaie; the main factos elated to success eseache make questionnaie with 21 items All items of questionnaies wee designed based on Liket5 degee spectum Questionnaies eliability was estimated by calculating Conbach s Alpha that is shown in the table 2 Table2 Results of questionnaies eliability fom SPSS softwae Vaiables Conbach's Alpha Emotional Intelligence 0776 Exta-Role Behavio 0727 We used Relative Impotance method and Peason Coelation to analyze the eseach hypothesis Regession analyses ae typically conducted to captue people s decision policy Howeve, when inte-coelation among pedictos exists (as is the case in this study), egession coefficients have long been judged inadequate to indicate the elative impotance of a pedicto because the impact of one pedicto cannot be consideed when holding the othe pedictos constant Cuently, thee ae two pefeed methods fo detemining a pedicto s elative impotance: Budescu s dominance analysis and Johnson s (2000, 2001) elative weights Accoding to Johnson and LeBeton (2004), both indices take a pedicto s diect effect and its effect when combined with othe pedictos into account, and both yield impotance weights that epesent the popotionate contibution each pedicto makes to R 2 When they ae used fo analyzing the same data, both indices poduce vitually the same esults Hee, we computed Johnson s elative weights pe ate (expessed as popotions of R 2 ) because they ae easie to compute than Budescu s dominance analysis AALYSIS AD RESULTS 1- Desciptive Analysis and Results 89

6 Kuwait Chapte of Aabian Jounal of Business and Management Review Vol 3, o1; Sep 2013 The data gatheed fom questionnaies shows that, seventy pecent ae male and thity pecent ae female 43 pecent of esponde is maied and 57 ae single The esponde s degee is 10 pecent MA, 57 pecent BA and 33 pecent DA o unde It means that the most of the customes have univesity degee (Table 3) Table3- Respondes degee Valid Degee Fequency Pecent AD o Unde BA MA PhD 0 0 Total 1000 Table 4 shows age of the espondes 20 pecent of espondes have less than 30 yeas old, and 40 pecent have between 31-40,30pecent 41-50, and finally 10 pecent have moe than 51 yeas of wok expeience Table 4- age of the espondes Valid Fequency Pecent Unde Moe than Total Hypotheses Analysis and Results 1 The elative impotance/weight of each constucts of al intelligence in influencing to oganizational citizenship behaviois not the same Table 5, coelation coefficients between the independent and dependent vaiables Reseach Vaiables oganizational citizenship behavio Selfawaeness othes awaeness Use of oganizational citizenship behavio 1 Self awaeness 90

7 Kuwait Chapte of Aabian Jounal of Business and Management Review Vol 3, o1; Sep 2013 othes awaeness Use of The esults of above table showsthat thee is a coelation between the independent vaiables and also they have significant coelation dependent vaiable Theefoe, in such cases, using a method such as egession to find the net effect of al intelligence dimensions on the oganizational citizenship behavio is not suitable Given the coelation between the independent vaiables, we have calculated the combined effects and weighted shae of al intelligence fou dimensions in influencing to oganizational citizenship behavio with used of elative impotance technique Table 6 Emotional intelligence dimensions elative impotance / weight to influence oganizational citizenship behavio with using Johnson model Emotional intelligence dimensions et weight of each vaiable elative weight of each vaiable with 100% (R 2 et weight of each vaiable) Self- awaeness % othes awaeness % % Use of % Total R 2 = 661% 100% The esults show that fou dimensions of al intelligence explained 661 pesent of oganizational citizenship behavio uses changes Awaeness and ecognition of in othes dimension have the highest pioity and the in the self and othes dimension has the lowest pioity Fom 66 pecent, Self- awaenesshave 167 pesent, Awaeness and ecognition of in othes have 473 pesent, in the self and othes have 108 pesent and Use of to facilitate pefomance have 252 pesent elative weights 91

8 Kuwait Chapte of Aabian Jounal of Business and Management Review Vol 3, o1; Sep The elative impotance/weight of each constucts of al intelligence in influencing to intepesonal citizenship behavio is not the same Table 7, coelation coefficients between the independent and dependent vaiables Reseach Vaiables oganizational citizenship behavio Selfawaeness othes awaeness oganizational citizenship behavio Selfawaeness othes awaeness Use of 1 Use of The esults of above table shows that thee is a coelation between the independent vaiables and also they have significant coelation dependent vaiable Theefoe, in such cases, using a method such as egession to find the net effect of al intelligence dimensions on the intepesonal citizenship behavio is not suitable Given the coelation between the independent vaiables, we have calculated the combined effects and weighted shae of al intelligence fou dimensions in influencing to intepesonal citizenship behavio with used of elative impotance technique Table 8 Emotional intelligence dimensions elative impotance / weight to influence intepesonal citizenship behavio with using Johnson model Emotional intelligence dimensions et weight of each vaiable elative weight of each vaiable with 100% (R 2 et weight of each vaiable) 92

9 Kuwait Chapte of Aabian Jounal of Business and Management Review Vol 3, o1; Sep 2013 Self- awaeness % othes awaeness % % Use of % Total R 2 = % The esults show that fou dimensions of al intelligence explained 827 pesent of intepesonal citizenship behavio uses changes Awaeness and ecognition of in othes dimension have the highest pioity and use of to facilitate pefomance dimension has the lowest pioity Fom 827 pecent, Self- awaeness have 188 pesent, Awaeness and ecognition of in othes have 669 pesent, in the self and othes have 83 pesent and Use of to facilitate pefomance have 6 pesent elativeweights COCLUSIO This study has done to evaluating the elative impotance of al intelligence dimensions (Self- awaeness, Awaeness and ecognition of in othes, in the self and othes, Use of to facilitate pefomance) andexta-ole Behavio (intepesonal citizenship behavio and oganizational citizenship behavio) at Social Secuity Oganization in Adabil povince We used Relative Impotance method and Peason Coelation to analyze the eseach hypotheses The findings of hypothesis 1 show that the elative impotance/weight of each constucts of al intelligence in influencing to oganizational citizenship behaviois not the same - Thee is a elationship between self- awaeness and oganizational citizenship behavio among Social Secuity Oganization employees in Adabil povince (=0497) - Thee is a elationship between awaeness and ecognition of in othes and oganizational citizenship behavio among Social Secuity Oganization employees in Adabil povince (=0672) - Thee is a elationship between egulation of in the self and othes and oganizational citizenship behavio among Social Secuity Oganization employees in Adabil povince (=0427) - Thee is a elationship between use of to facilitate pefomance and oganizational citizenship behavio among Social Secuity Oganization employees in Adabil povince (=0560) The findings of hypothesis 2 show that the elative impotance/weight of each constucts of al intelligence in influencing to intepesonal citizenship behaviois not the same - Thee is a elationship between self- awaeness and intepesonal citizenship behavio among Social Secuity Oganization employees in Adabil povince (=056) 93

10 Kuwait Chapte of Aabian Jounal of Business and Management Review Vol 3, o1; Sep Thee is a elationship between awaeness and ecognition of in othes and intepesonal citizenship behavio among Social Secuity Oganization employees in Adabil povince (=086) - Thee is a elationship between egulation of in the self and othes and intepesonal citizenship behavio among Social Secuity Oganization employees in Adabil povince (=0496) - Thee is a elationship between use of to facilitate pefomance and intepesonal citizenship behavio among Social Secuity Oganization employees in Adabil povince (=0442) Refeences 3- Alene, Matthews, Complete Idiot s Guide to Coping with Difficult People, Penguin Goup, ew Yok, Y, Cavazotte, F, Moeno, V, &Hickmann, M (2012) Effects of leade intelligence, pesonality and al intelligence on tansfomational leadeship and manageial pefomance The Leadeship Quately, 23, Davies, M, Stankov, L, & Robets, R D (1998) Emotional intelligence: In seach of an elusive constuct Jounal of Pesonality and Social Psychology, 75, Examining Stuctual, Attitudinal and Behavioal Pedictos" Academy of Management Jounal 48(4): Fah, C I, Seo, M, &Tesluk, P E (2012) Emotional Intelligence, teamwok effectiveness, and job pefomance: The modeating ole of job context Jounal of Applied Psychology, 97(4), Its atue, Antecedents, and Consequences Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications 9- Maye, J D, Salovey, P, Causo, D R, &Sitaaneos, G (2003) Measuing al intelligence with the MSCEIT V20 Emotion, 3, Mossholde, KW, RP Settoon, SC Henagan 2005 "A Relational Pespective on Tunove: 11- Ogan, DW, PM Podsakoff, and SB Mackenzie 2006 Oganizational Citizenship Behavio: 12- Salovey, P, & Maye, J D (1990) Emotional Intelligence Imagination, cognition and Pesonality, 9, Sanjay K Pandey, Badley E Wight, and Donald P Moynihan, 2007, Public Sevice Motivation and Intepesonal Citizenship Behavio in Public Oganizations: Testing a Peliminay Model, Intenational Public Management Jounal, La Follette School Woking Pape o Stein Steven J, (2009) Emotionalintelligencefodummies, published by John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd, Fist edition 15- Stone Caol, (2009), Emotional Intelligence: EQ vs IQ: Theoetical Pespective, value analysis, contacting, and mateials management pofessionals by C R Bad, Inc 94