Framework for the evaluation of. and scientific impacts of plant viruses. technologies.
|
|
|
- Tabitha Cunningham
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Framework for the evaluation of biosecurity, commercial, regulatory and scientific impacts of plant viruses and viroids identified by NGS technologies. Sebastien Massart, Thierry Candresse, José Gil, Christophe Lacomme, Lukas Predajna, Maja Ravnikar, Jean-Sébastien Reynard, Artemis Rumbou, Pasquale Saldarelli, Dijana Škorić, Eeva Vainio, Jari P.T. Valkonen, Hervé Vanderschuren, Christina Varveri and Thierry Wetzel
2 I. CURRENT SITUATION FOR EXISTING VIRUSES II. EMERGING CHALLENGES FOR SCIENTISTS AND AUTHORITIES III. EARLY STEPS OF BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION IV. IN-DEPTH BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION CONCLUSION
3 I. CURRENT SITUATION FOR EXISTING VIRUSES In Europe: EPPO guideline
4
5 II. Emerging challenges for scientists and authorities Previously: Symptoms => investigations => detection of virus => EPPO Now: NGS: inverted approach on diagnostic: Detection of virus (symptomatic or asymptomatic plants) => investigations???
6 II. Emerging challenges for scientists and authorities => QUESTIONS Is every virus a threat? Or natural symbionts in the ecosystems? Actions to take with new sequences in terms of plant health? Impact on Regulations? Quarantine? Import/export? => Guidelines proposals needed
7 if we challenge the dogma that all viruses are pathogens **************************************** Important to understand the biology of any new virus identified >> basis to the evaluation of the risk and to scientifically-based decisions 6 categories of information needed 1. Identity of a pest 2. Data on its distribution 3. Host range 4. Modes of spread 5. the local agro-environmental conditions 6. the ability to cause a disease
8 PROBLEMS / LIMITATIONS OF NGS The main biases in NGS-based virus diagnostics are: * biological * technical * bioinformatic
9 - Biological issues: contaminations (mycoviruses, etc ) integrated sequences in the genome of the host - Technical issues: contaminations in the lab (nucleic acid extractions, amplified DNA etc ) contaminations through the previous run - Informatic issues: close viruses > obtention of chimeric sequences conserved sequences > specificity of blast detection new virus > no such viral sequence in databases > no results
10 - Informatic issues: NGS results First multi BLAST : matches found > 900 sequences Query Number of hits Lowest E-value Accession (Evalue) Description (Evalue) Greatest identity % Accession (identity %) Description (identity %) Greatest positive % Accession (positive %) Description (positive %) Greatest hit length Accession (hit length) Description (hit length) Accession (bit Greatest bit score score) Description (bit score) Small RNAs contig ,73953E-59 HQ Arabis mosaic virus isolate DU13 segment RNA2 polyprotein P2 gene, cds 98, HQ Arabis mosaic virus isolate DU13 segment RNA2 polyprotein P2 gene, cds 100 HQ Arabis mosaic virus isolate DU13 segment RNA2 polyprotein P2 gene, cds 279 HQ Arabis mosaic virus isolate DU13 segment RNA2 polyprotein P2 gene, cds 230,172 HQ Arabis mosaic virus isolate DU13 segment RNA2 polyprotein P2 gene, cds Small RNAs contig ,32036 FJ Small RNAs contig , DQ Small RNAs contig 4 1 7,8596 KF Small RNAs contig 6 3 0, EF Small RNAs contig ,61892E-27 KC Small RNAs contig 8 7 0, EU Avian metapneumoviru s strain ampv/mn/turke y/2a/97, genome Ovine herpesvirus 2, genome Porcine bocavirus 3 isolate IA159-4 VP1/VP2 gene, cds Cotesia sesamiae Mombasa bracovirus clone BAC 1J4, sequence Arabis mosaic virus isolate NW segment RNA2 polyprotein 2 gene, cds Avian paramyxovirus 3 strain turkey/wisconsin /68, genome 77, JN , AM KF , EF KC , AJ Sugarcane streak mosaic virus isolate CBV2000V59 HC- Pro protein gene, partial cds Saccharopolyspor a erythraea NRRL2338 genome Porcine bocavirus 3 isolate IA159-4 VP1/VP2 gene, cds Cotesia sesamiae Mombasa bracovirus clone BAC 1J4, sequence Arabis mosaic virus isolate NW segment RNA2 polyprotein 2 gene, cds Bacteriophage S- PM2 genome 88, JN , JF , KF , EF KC , EU Sugarcane streak mosaic virus isolate CBV2000V59 HC- Pro protein gene, partial cds Suid herpesvirus 1 strain Bartha, genome Porcine bocavirus 3 isolate IA159-4 VP1/VP2 gene, cds Cotesia sesamiae Mombasa bracovirus clone BAC 1J4, sequence Arabis mosaic virus isolate NW segment RNA2 polyprotein 2 gene, cds Avian paramyxovirus 3 strain turkey/wisconsin /68, genome 135 KF JF KF EF KC AM HIV-1 isolate _200 from South Africa gag protein (gag) gene, cds Mycobacterium phage Rey, genome Porcine bocavirus 3 isolate IA159-4 VP1/VP2 gene, cds Cotesia sesamiae Mombasa bracovirus clone BAC 1J4, sequence Arabis mosaic virus isolate NW segment RNA2 polyprotein 2 gene, cds Saccharopolyspor a erythraea NRRL2338 genome 32,2255 FJ ,5569 DQ ,3927 KF ,6276 EF ,28 KC ,2662 EU Avian metapneumoviru s strain ampv/mn/turke y/2a/97, genome Ovine herpesvirus 2, genome Porcine bocavirus 3 isolate IA159-4 VP1/VP2 gene, cds Cotesia sesamiae Mombasa bracovirus clone BAC 1J4, sequence Arabis mosaic virus isolate NW segment RNA2 polyprotein 2 gene, cds Avian paramyxovirus 3 strain turkey/wisconsin /68, genome
11 - Informatic issues: Set parameters: number of hits / E-value / viral sequences Arabis mosaic virus isolate NW segment RNA2 polyprotein 2 gene Arabis mosaic virus isolate DU13 segment RNA2 polyprotein P2 gene Grapevine fanleaf virus Grapevine deformation virus Grapevine Pinot gris virus Grapevine rupestris stem pitting virus Grapevine Bulgarian latent virus segment 1, isolate Serb1 Chilli veinal mottle virus isolate YN-tobacco Petunia x hybrida clone 3 integrated petunia clearing vein virus Number of hits >100 E-value < 3 (statistical value that gives an idea of the similarity of the sequence to the reference) Viruses only
12 - Informatic issues: Set parameters: number of hits / E-value / viral sequences Arabis mosaic virus isolate NW segment RNA2 polyprotein 2 gene Arabis mosaic virus isolate DU13 segment RNA2 polyprotein P2 gene Grapevine fanleaf virus Grapevine deformation virus Grapevine Pinot gris virus Grapevine rupestris stem pitting virus Grapevine Bulgarian latent virus segment 1, isolate Serb1 Chilli veinal mottle virus isolate YN-tobacco Petunia x hybrida clone 3 integrated petunia clearing vein virus Ovine herpesvirus 2 Porcine cytomegalovirus strain BJ09 HIV-1 Number of hits >100 E-value < 3 (statistical value that gives an idea of the similarity of the sequence to the reference) Viruses only
13 III. EARLY STEPS OF BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF NEW VIRUSES
14 III. EARLY STEPS OF BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF NEW VIRUSES 4.1 Confirmation of virus detection 4.2 Provisional taxonomic assignation Virus family / genus => preliminary information => Plant virus Risk of integrated sequence? Confirmation of particles 4.3 Bibliography 4.4 Sample documentation Symptoms, location, surrounding crops,
15 4.5 Full genome sequencing and annotation 4.6 Development of a diagnostic protocol 4.7 Field/batch observation
16 IV. IN-DEPTH BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION Classical / molecular virology
17 TO IDENTIFY THE CAUSATIVE AGENT OF A PARTICULAR DISEASE: Robert Koch >> Four criteria (Koch postulate): - the microorganism or other pathogen must be present in all cases of the disease - the pathogen can be isolated from the diseased host and grown in pure culture (purified from its host) - the pathogen from the pure culture must cause the disease when inoculated into a healthy, susceptible laboratory animal (plant) - the pathogen must be reisolated from the new host and shown to be the same as the originally inoculated pathogen
18 IV. IN-DEPTH BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION Koch postulate => Infectious clones Infectious clones Symptoms / systemic infection
19 IV. IN-DEPTH BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION Cracking down mixed infection Infectious clones Interactions between viruses (synergy / antagonism)
20 IV. IN-DEPTH BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION Mode of transmission (horizontal and vertical) - vectors? - Seeds, pollen? - grafting, mechanical transmission?
21 IV. IN-DEPTH BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION - Host range > woody / herbaceous plants - Survey at larger scales (global epidemiology) - Antibody / detection tests development
22 CONCLUSION **************
23 - IMPACT ON REGULATION => HELP SCIENTISTS / AUTHORITIES - ESTABLISHING PRIORITIES - DECISION MAKING LOT OF OPEN QUESTIONS..
24 AKNOWLEDGMENTS
Current impact and future direction of High Throughput Sequencing in plant virus diagnostics: the drivers of COST Action FA1407
Current impact and future direction of High Throughput Sequencing in plant virus diagnostics: the drivers of COST Action FA1407 THIERRY CANDRESSE, ANTONIO OLMOS, NEIL BOONHAM, CARMEN BÜTTNER, ROSARIO FELIX,
AN UNUSUAL VIRUS IN TREES WITH CITRUS BLIGHT RON BRLANSKY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA, CREC
AN UNUSUAL VIRUS IN TREES WITH CITRUS BLIGHT RON BRLANSKY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA, CREC CITRUS BLIGHT KNOWN IN FLORIDA FOR OVER 100 YEARS; FIRST DESCRIBED IN 1874 PROBLEM IN FLORIDA IN THE 1970 S WITH INCREASE
Overview: Chapter 19 Viruses: A Borrowed Life
Overview: Chapter 19 Viruses: A Borrowed Life Viruses called bacteriophages can infect and set in motion a genetic takeover of bacteria, such as Escherichia coli Viruses lead a kind of borrowed life between
Chapter 13 Viruses, Viroids, and Prions. Biology 1009 Microbiology Johnson-Summer 2003
Chapter 13 Viruses, Viroids, and Prions Biology 1009 Microbiology Johnson-Summer 2003 Viruses Virology-study of viruses Characteristics: acellular obligate intracellular parasites no ribosomes or means
Lab Tuesday: Virus Diseases
Lab Tuesday: Virus Diseases Quiz for Bacterial Pathogens lab (pp 67-73) and Biocontrol of Crown Gall (p. 113-117), Observation of Viral Movement in Plants (p. 119), and Intro section for Viruses (pp. 75-77).
Lab Tuesday: Virus Diseases
Lab Tuesday: Virus Diseases Quiz for Bacterial Pathogens lab (pp 69-75) and Biocontrol of Crown Gall (p. 115-119), Observation of Viral Movement in Plants (p. 121), and Intro section for Viruses (pp. 77-79).
LEC 2, Medical biology, Theory, prepared by Dr. AYAT ALI
General Characteristics, Structure and Taxonomy of Viruses Viruses A virus is non-cellular organisms made up of genetic material and protein that can invade living cells. They are considered both a living
Chapter 6- An Introduction to Viruses*
Chapter 6- An Introduction to Viruses* *Lecture notes are to be used as a study guide only and do not represent the comprehensive information you will need to know for the exams. 6.1 Overview of Viruses
Proposed EPPO validation of plant viral diagnostics using next generation sequencing
Proposed EPPO validation of plant viral diagnostics using next generation sequencing Ian Adams, Ummey Hany, Rachel Glover, Erin Lewis, Neil Boonham, Adrian Fox Adoption of Next Generation Sequencing for
Chapter 19: The Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria
Chapter 19: The Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria What is Microbiology? Microbiology is the science that studies microorganisms = living things that are too small to be seen with the naked eye Microorganisms
18.2 Viruses and Prions
KEY CONCEPT Infections can be caused in several ways. Viruses, bacteria, viroids, and prions can all cause infection. Any disease-causing agent is called a pathogen. 1 nanometer (nm) = one billionth of
1. Virus 2. Capsid 3. Envelope
VIRUSES BIOLOGY II VOCABULARY- VIRUSES (22 Words) 1. Virus 2. Capsid 3. Envelope 4. Provirus 5. Retrovirus 6. Reverse transcriptase 7. Bacteriophage 8. Lytic Cycle 9. Virulent 10. Lysis 11. Lysogenic Cycle
Bacteriology Virology Mycology Parasitology Immunology Pathology Epidemiology. Microbe alternate terms Germs, microorganisms, pathogens, agents, bugs
1 BIO 205 Microbiology for Health Professionals The study of microscopic agents as they relate to human health The causes of infectious disease. The control of infectious disease. Host defenses against
VIRUSES. Biology Applications Control. David R. Harper. Garland Science Taylor & Francis Group NEW YORK AND LONDON
VIRUSES Biology Applications Control David R. Harper GS Garland Science Taylor & Francis Group NEW YORK AND LONDON vii Chapter 1 Virus Structure and 2.2 VIRUS MORPHOLOGY 26 Infection 1 2.3 VIRAL CLASSIFICATION
New Insights in Freesia Leaf Necrosis Disease
New Insights in Freesia Leaf Necrosis Disease E.T.M. Meekes 1 and M. Verbeek 2 1 Naktuinbouw, P.O. Box 40, 2370 AA Roelofarendsveen, The Netherlands 2 Plant Research International, P.O. Box 69, 6700 AB
AP Biology Reading Guide. Concept 19.1 A virus consists of a nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat
AP Biology Reading Guide Name Chapter 19: Viruses Overview Experimental work with viruses has provided important evidence that genes are made of nucleic acids. Viruses were also important in working out
aP (modules 1 and 9 are required) Caulimoviridae
This form should be used for all taxonomic proposals. Please complete all those modules that are applicable (and then delete the unwanted sections). For guidance, see the notes written in blue and the
A REVIEW OF AFRICAN CASSAVA MOSAIC VIRUS (ACMV) IRDA SAFNI, SP, MCP. FAKULTAS PERTANIAN Jurusan Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
A REVIEW OF AFRICAN CASSAVA MOSAIC VIRUS (ACMV) IRDA SAFNI, SP, MCP. FAKULTAS PERTANIAN Jurusan Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 1. INTRODUCTION Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)
VirusDetect pipeline - virus detection with small RNA sequencing
VirusDetect pipeline - virus detection with small RNA sequencing CSC webinar 16.1.2018 Eija Korpelainen, Kimmo Mattila, Maria Lehtivaara Big thanks to Jan Kreuze and Jari Valkonen! Outline Small interfering
Dealing with Post-market Issues: PCV Case Study
Dealing with Post-market Issues: PCV Case Study CASE STUDY: Adventitious agent in raw material ISSUE: Presence of porcine circovirus (PCV-1) DNA detected in marketed rotavirus vaccine by an independent
VIRUS VIROID PRION. Ms.Tanyaratana Dumkua Biology Department, Mahidolwittayanusorn School
VIRUS VIROID PRION Ms.Tanyaratana Dumkua Biology Department, Mahidolwittayanusorn School What is virus? Living? Need food? Reproduction? Cell? Cytoplasm? Cell membrane? Metabolism? Size? Component? Adenovirus
NOMENCLATURE & CLASSIFICATION OF PLANT VIRUSES. P.N. Sharma Department of Plant Pathology, CSK HPKV, Palampur (H.P.)
NOMENCLATURE & CLASSIFICATION OF PLANT VIRUSES P.N. Sharma Department of Plant Pathology, CSK HPKV, Palampur (H.P.) What is the purpose of classification? To make structural arrangement comprehension for
PHYTOSANITARY PROCEDURES
EPPO Standards PHYTOSANITARY PROCEDURES OTHER VIRUSES OF MALUS AND PRUNUS INSPECTION AND TEST METHODS PM 3/33(1) English oepp eppo Organisation Européenne et Méditerranéenne pour la Protection des Plantes
Starting with MICROBIOLOGY
Starting with MICROBIOLOGY Micro means very small and biology is the study of living things. Microbes are the oldest form of life on Earth. They've been here for 3.8 billion years! Microbes live everywhere.
PHYTOSANITARY PROCEDURES
EPPO Standards PHYTOSANITARY PROCEDURES OTHER VIRUSES OF MALUS AND PRUNUS INSPECTION AND TEST METHODS PM 3/33(1) English oepp eppo Organisation Européenne et Méditerranéenne pour la Protection des Plantes
Global Catastrophic Biological Risks
Global Catastrophic Biological Risks Working Definition of Global Catastrophic Biological Risks (GCBRs) Events in which biological agents whether naturally emerging or reemerging, deliberately created
Unit 4 Student Guided Notes
Structure of Viruses Discovery of the Virus Unit 4 Student Guided Notes Many human epidemics were well documented and observed in history, but. The following 3 discoveries shaped our knowledge of viruses
A virus consists of a nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat. [2]
![A virus consists of a nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat. [2]](/thumbs/81/83196404.jpg "A virus consists of a nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat. [2]")
GUIDED READING - Ch. 19 - VIRUSES NAME: Please print out these pages and HANDWRITE the answers directly on the printouts. Typed work or answers on separate sheets of paper will not be accepted. Importantly,
Immunodeficiency. (2 of 2)
Immunodeficiency (2 of 2) Acquired (secondary) immunodeficiencies More common Many causes such as therapy, cancer, sarcoidosis, malnutrition, infection & renal disease The most common of which is therapy-related
Viruses 101., and concluded that living organisms do not crystallize. In other words,.
Viruses 101 In 1897, Dutch scientist called tiny particles in the liquid extracted from a plant disease, which is the Latin word for. In 1935, American biochemist isolated crystals of, and concluded that
Chapter 19: Viruses. 1. Viral Structure & Reproduction. 2. Bacteriophages. 3. Animal Viruses. 4. Viroids & Prions
Chapter 19: Viruses 1. Viral Structure & Reproduction 2. Bacteriophages 3. Animal Viruses 4. Viroids & Prions 1. Viral Structure & Reproduction Chapter Reading pp. 393-396 What exactly is a Virus? Viruses
VIROIDS, PRIONS. Infectious Stage When virus infects a cell, nucleic acid must be uncoated and gain access to metabolic machinery of cell.
VIROIDS, PRIONS A virus is a small infectious agent that can replicate only inside the living cells of organisms. Most viruses are too small to be seen directly with a light microscope. Viruses infect
Scientific Method in Vaccine History
Student Name: Student Recording Sheet 1 The Scientific Method Scientific Method in Vaccine History 1. Why is there no single model of the scientific method? The scientific method is a way of asking questions.
All living creatures share two basic purposes 1. survival 2. reproduction
Infectious Diseases All living creatures share two basic purposes 1. survival 2. reproduction *Organisms must take nutrients essential for growth and proliferation from the environment. *In many conditions
Biology 350: Microbial Diversity
Biology 350: Microbial Diversity Strange Invaders: Viruses, viroids, and prions. Lecture #27 7 November 2007-1- Notice handouts and announcements for today: Outline and study questions A 1999 paper discussing
VIP: an integrated pipeline for metagenomics of virus
VIP: an integrated pipeline for metagenomics of virus identification and discovery Yang Li 1, Hao Wang 2, Kai Nie 1, Chen Zhang 1, Yi Zhang 1, Ji Wang 1, Peihua Niu 1 and Xuejun Ma 1 * 1. Key Laboratory
Chapter 19: Viruses. 1. Viral Structure & Reproduction. What exactly is a Virus? 11/7/ Viral Structure & Reproduction. 2.
Chapter 19: Viruses 1. Viral Structure & Reproduction 2. Bacteriophages 3. Animal Viruses 4. Viroids & Prions 1. Viral Structure & Reproduction Chapter Reading pp. 393-396 What exactly is a Virus? Viruses
Replication Defective Enterovirus Infections: Implications for Type I Diabetes
Replication Defective Enterovirus Infections: Implications for Type I Diabetes N. M. Chapman Department of Pathology & Microbiology University of Nebraska Medical Center Enterovirus Genome and 2 Capsid
19 2 Viruses Slide 1 of 34
1 of 34 What Is a Virus? What Is a Virus? Viruses are particles of nucleic acid, protein, and in some cases, lipids. Viruses can reproduce only by infecting living cells. 2 of 34 What Is a Virus? Viruses
Biology. Slide 1 of 30. End Show. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Biology 1 of 30 2 of 30 What causes disease? 3 of 30 Disease A disease is any change, other than an injury, that disrupts the normal functions of the body. Disease-causing agents are called pathogens.
2.1 VIRUSES. 2.1 Learning Goals
2.1 VIRUSES 2.1 Learning Goals To understand the structure, function, and how Viruses replicate To understand the difference between Viruses to Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes; namely that viruses are not classified
Pathogenicity of Infectious Diseases
Pathogenicity of Infectious Diseases Pathogenicity of Infectious Diseases HOST DISEASE TRIAD PATHOGEN ENVIRONMENT OTHER MICROBES Microbial Interactions KOCH'S POSTULATES Four criteria that were established
Leaves turn yellow: small RNAs from viruses silence plant genes such as those involved in photosynthesis. Vitantonio Pantaleo IPSP-CNR
Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Di.S.Ba Conferenza del Dipartimento di Scienze Bio-agroalimentari del CNR Accademia dei Georgofili, Firenze 24-25 Ottobre 2016 Accademia dei Georgofili Leaves turn yellow:
Viruses. CLS 212: Medical Microbiology Miss Zeina Alkudmani
Viruses CLS 212: Medical Microbiology Miss Zeina Alkudmani History Through the 1800s, many scientists discovered that something smaller than bacteria could cause disease and they called it virion (Latin
Virus-host interactions
Virus-host interactions - Strategies viruses use to replicate their genomes in susceptible host cells replication - Strategies viruses use to move their genomes throughout susceptible host plants cell-to-cell
KPCS target organisms, controls and symptom guide
KPCS target organisms, controls and symptom guide 1. Virus Virus included: I. Cherry leafroll virus (CLRV) II. Actinidia seed-borne latent virus (ASBLV) III. Monitor for other unusual symptoms n 2017,
Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research
Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research Current Activities Future Directions Washington, DC January 25, 2010 Karen Midthun, MD Acting Director, CBER CBER Our Mission To ensure the safety, purity,
Discovery of. 1892: Russian biologist Dmitri Ivanovsky publishes. 1931: first images of viruses obtained using
Discovery of (1884: invention of the Chamberland filter with pores smaller than bacteria) 1892: Russian biologist Dmitri Ivanovsky publishes a paper in which shows that extracts from diseased tobacco plants
How to Standardise and Assemble Raw Data into Sequences: What Does it Mean for a Laboratory to Use Such Technologies?"
How to Standardise and Assemble Raw Data into Sequences: What Does it Mean for a Laboratory to Use Such Technologies?" Dr Joseph Hughes 11th OIE Seminar Saskatoon - 17th June 2015 Cost per raw Megabase
Ch. 19 Viruses & Bacteria: What Is a Virus?
Ch. 19 Viruses & Bacteria: What Is a Virus? A virus is an invective agent consisting of a nucleic acid in a protein coat, able to multiply only within the living cells of a host. A bacteriophage ( bacteria
Date. Student Name. Prompt: This passage is called Characteristics of Viruses. It is about viruses.
Student Name Characteristics of Viruses--Part I Level High School - Science Date _ Prompt: This passage is called Characteristics of Viruses. It is about viruses. Similarities and Differences Between Viruses
Dr. Gary Mumaugh. Viruses
Dr. Gary Mumaugh Viruses Viruses in History In 1898, Friedrich Loeffler and Paul Frosch found evidence that the cause of foot-and-mouth disease in livestock was an infectious particle smaller than any
Chain of Infection Agent Mode of transmission Contact (direct, indirect, droplet spread) Airborne Common-vehicle spread Host
Goals Microbiology of Healthcare-associated Infections William A. Rutala, Ph.D., M.P.H. Director, Statewide Program for Infection Control and Epidemiology and Research Professor of Medicine, University
III. What are the requirements for taking and passing this course?
1 Molecular Virology Lecture # 1: Course Introduction I. Instructor and Background Dr. Richard Kuhn rjkuhn@bragg.bio.purdue.edu B-129 Lilly Hall 494-1164 Office Hours - Wednesday 10:30-11:30 II. Objective:
Viruses, Viroids, and Prions
2.2 Figure 1 Human infl uenza viruses cause seasonal fl u. It would take 10 million viruses placed side by side to cover a distance of 1 mm. virus a small infectious particle containing genetic material
LESSON 4.6 WORKBOOK. Designing an antiviral drug The challenge of HIV
LESSON 4.6 WORKBOOK Designing an antiviral drug The challenge of HIV In the last two lessons we discussed the how the viral life cycle causes host cell damage. But is there anything we can do to prevent
General Virology I. Dr Esam Ibraheem Azhar (BSc, MSc, Ph.D Molecular Medical Virology) Asst. Prof. Medical Laboratory Technology Department
General Virology I Dr Esam Ibraheem Azhar (BSc, MSc, Ph.D Molecular Medical Virology) Asst. Prof. Medical Laboratory Technology Department ١ General Virology I Lecture Outline Introduction istory Definition
Viruses defined acellular organisms genomes nucleic acid replicate inside host cells host metabolic machinery ribosomes
The Viruses Viruses Viruses may be defined as acellular organisms whose genomes consist of nucleic acid, obligately replicate inside host cells using host metabolic machinery and ribosomes to form a pool
VIROLOGY. Engineering Viral Genomes: Retrovirus Vectors
VIROLOGY Engineering Viral Genomes: Retrovirus Vectors Viral vectors Retrovirus replicative cycle Most mammalian retroviruses use trna PRO, trna Lys3, trna Lys1,2 The partially unfolded trna is annealed
2000 and Beyond: Confronting the Microbe Menace 1999 Holiday Lectures on Science Chapter List
2000 and Beyond: Confronting the Microbe Menace 1999 Holiday Lectures on Science Chapter List Lecture One Microbe Hunters: Tracking Infectious Agents Donald E. Ganem, M.D. 1. Start of Lecture One 2. Introduction
Purpose: To describe the characteristics of viruses and how they infect a host cell.
Intro to Viruses Group Worksheet Name: Per: # Purpose: To describe the characteristics of viruses and how they infect a host cell. Directions: Discuss the following questions as a group and use the resources
Dr. Ahmed K. Ali. Outcomes of the virus infection for the host
Lec. 9 Dr. Ahmed K. Ali Outcomes of the virus infection for the host In the previous few chapters we have looked at aspects of the virus replication cycle that culminate in the exit of infective progeny
علم األحياء الدقيقة Microbiology Introduction to Virology & Immunology
علم األحياء الدقيقة Microbiology Introduction to Virology & Immunology What is a virus? Viruses may be defined as acellular organisms whose genomes consist of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA), and which obligatory
Acute respiratory illness This is a disease that typically affects the airways in the nose and throat (the upper respiratory tract).
Influenza glossary Adapted from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US https://www.cdc.gov/flu/glossary/index.htm and the World Health Organization http://www.wpro.who.int/emerging_diseases/glossary_rev_sept28.pdf?ua=1
Chapter13 Characterizing and Classifying Viruses, Viroids, and Prions
Chapter13 Characterizing and Classifying Viruses, Viroids, and Prions 11/20/2017 MDufilho 1 Characteristics of Viruses Viruses Minuscule, acellular, infectious agent having either DNA or RNA Cause infections
Detection of HEV in Estonia. Anna Ivanova, Irina Golovljova, Valentina Tefanova
Detection of HEV in Estonia Anna Ivanova, Irina Golovljova, Valentina Tefanova National Institute for Health Development Department of Virology Zoonotic pathogens Tick-borne pathogens: TBEV, Borrelia sp.,
Immune System. Name: Class: Date: Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Class: Date: Immune System Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Which of the bacteria is the cause of pneumonia? a. staphylococci c. Treponema
West Nile Virus. Family: Flaviviridae
West Nile Virus 1 Family: Flaviviridae West Nile Virus Genus: Flavivirus Japanese Encephalitis Antigenic Complex Complex Includes: Alfuy, Cacipacore, Japanese encephalitis, koutango, Kunjin, Murray Valley
Immunodeficiencies HIV/AIDS
Immunodeficiencies HIV/AIDS Immunodeficiencies Due to impaired function of one or more components of the immune or inflammatory responses. Problem may be with: B cells T cells phagocytes or complement
Virus. Landmarks in Virology. Introduction to Virology. Landmarks in Virology. Definitions. Definitions. Latin for slimy liquid or poison
Landmarks in Virology Introduction to Virology Scott M. Hammer, M.D. Introduction of concept of filterable agents for plant pathogens (Mayer, Ivanofsky, Beijerinck in late 1880 s) First filterable agent
Viruses Tomasz Kordula, Ph.D.
Viruses Tomasz Kordula, Ph.D. Resources: Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, pp. 295, 1330, 1431 1433; Lehninger CD Movie A0002201. Learning Objectives: 1. Understand parasitic life cycle of
Proliferation Threats from Biotechnology: What is Dual-Use Research?
Proliferation Threats from Biotechnology: What is Dual-Use Research? In Class Discussion Break into groups of 3, come up with definition dual use and present to class Biological Dual-Use Research Biotechnology
Nucleic acid: singled stranded, double stranded, RNA, or DNA, linear or circular. Capsid: protein coat that is most of the mass of the virus.
Viruses General Characteristics of Viruses 1. Depending on view may be regarded as exceptionally complex aggregates of nonliving chemicals or as exceptionally simple living microbes. 2. Contain a single
Principles of Disease and Epidemiology Chapter 14. Biology 1009 Microbiology Johnson-Summer 2003
Principles of Disease and Epidemiology Chapter 14 Biology 1009 Microbiology Johnson-Summer 2003 Introduction Pathology, Infection and Disease Terms: Pathogen: disease causing organism Pathology: scientific
Section A: The Genetics of Viruses
CHAPTER 18 MICROBIAL MODELS: THE GENETICS OF VIRUSES AND BACTERIA Section A: The Genetics of Viruses 1. Researchers discovered viruses by studying a plant disease 2. A virus is a genome enclosed in a protective
Microbiology. Microbiology
Microbiology Microbiology What are GERMS? What are GERMS? Microorganisms that make you sick (pathogens) There are many different types of microorganisms: Bacteria (strep throat, food poisoning like E.
Overview of virus life cycle
Overview of virus life cycle cell recognition and internalization release from cells progeny virus assembly membrane breaching nucleus capsid disassembly and genome release replication and translation
Adrian Fox. Carrot viruses
Adrian Fox Carrot viruses Carrot viruses Alfalfa mosaic alfamovirus Arabis mosaic nepovirus Beet pseudo-yellows (?) closterovirus Carrot latent nucleorhabdovirus Carrot mosaic (?) potyvirus Carrot mottle
Broadly protective influenza vaccines for pandemic preparedness. Suresh Mittal Department of Comparative Pathobiology Purdue University
Broadly protective influenza vaccines for pandemic preparedness Suresh Mittal Department of Comparative Pathobiology Purdue University Influenza A Virus Orthomyxovirus Consist of s/s (-) sense RNA 8 segments
Introduction to Virology
Introduction to Virology Introduction to Virology K. M. SMITH C.B.E., D.Se., Ph.D., F.R.S. Formerly Director, Virus Research Unit, Agricultural Council, Cambridge Chapter 9, The replication of viruses
Chapter 25. 바이러스 (The Viruses)
Chapter 25 바이러스 (The Viruses) Generalized Structure of Viruses 2 2 Virus Classification Classification based on numerous characteristics Nucleic acid type Presence or absence of envelope Capsid symmetry
Application of Real Time PCR for Detection And Identification of Soybean Pests in Michigan
Application of Real Time PCR for Detection And Identification of Soybean Pests in Michigan Project Number: Team Leader: GR03-004 Patrick Hart, Michigan State University Department of Plant Pathology Objectives
Microbiological Societies (IUMS) Congress This conference took place in Montreal, CANADA during
(Abroad Domestic)Official trip report form(student) 2014/08/19 (Year/Month/Day) Name Laboratory Year (Grade) Destination Nipawit Karnbunchob Division of Bioinformatics DC2 Montreal, CANADA Period of trip
Warts are a skin virus!
Viruses Warts are a skin virus! Herpes mouth virus: Other Viral Diseases Measles Polio Smallpox Influenza Hepatitis B Virus Viruses & Cancer Human Papilloma Virus HPV Tree Man - HPV Is a Virus a Living
Virology. *Viruses can be only observed by electron microscope never by light microscope. The size of the virus: nm in diameter.
Virology We are going to start with general introduction about viruses, they are everywhere around us; in food; within the environment; in direct contact to etc.. They may cause viral infection by itself
The prokaryotic domains
Diversity of Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses Chapter 19 The prokaryotic domains Bacteria Three types of structure Spherical, rod-shaped, and spiral Archaea Many are extremophilic Prefer to live in very
8/13/2009. Diseases. Disease. Pathogens. Domain Bacteria Characteristics. Bacteria Shapes. Domain Bacteria Characteristics
Disease Diseases I. Bacteria II. Viruses including Biol 105 Lecture 17 Chapter 13a are disease-causing organisms Domain Bacteria Characteristics 1. Domain Bacteria are prokaryotic 2. Lack a membrane-bound
Part III: Basic Immunology
Part III: Basic Immunology Introduction: This is an introductory unit on immunology. Important topics addressed include bacterial pathogens, vaccines, antibiotics, and cells of the immune system. After
Chapter 2.5 Adaptations of pathogens
TOPIC 2 INFECTIOUS DSEASE Chapter 2.5 Adaptations of pathogens Understanding Pathogens have adaptations that facilitate their entry into the cells and tissues of hosts. Describe how pathogens and host
Funky Leaf Spot, Viruses, and Xylella Update Winter Phillip M. Brannen University of Georgia Plant Pathology Department
Funky Leaf Spot, Viruses, and Xylella Update Winter 2011 Phillip M. Brannen University of Georgia Plant Pathology Department Background: Systemic Blueberry Diseases At least nine species of plant viruses
PHARMACEUTICAL MICROBIOLOGY JIGAR SHAH INSTITUTE OF PHARMACY NIRMA UNIVERSITY
PHARMACEUTICAL MICROBIOLOGY JIGAR SHAH INSTITUTE OF PHARMACY NIRMA UNIVERSITY VIRUS - HISTORY In 1886, the Dutch Chemist Adolf Mayer showed TMD In 1892, the Russian Bactriologist Dimtri Iwanowski isolate
LESSON 4.4 WORKBOOK. How viruses make us sick: Viral Replication
DEFINITIONS OF TERMS Eukaryotic: Non-bacterial cell type (bacteria are prokaryotes).. LESSON 4.4 WORKBOOK How viruses make us sick: Viral Replication This lesson extends the principles we learned in Unit
VACCINE ENGINEERING Dr.T.V.Rao MD
VACCINE ENGINEERING Dr.T.V.Rao MD DR.T.V.RAO MD 1 HISTORICAL PICTURE OF VACCINATION DR.T.V.RAO MD 2 WHAT IS A VACCINE A vaccine is any preparation intended to produce immunity to a disease by stimulating
Name Class Date. Infection in which a virus inserts its nucleic acid into the DNA of the host cell and is duplicated with the cell s DNA
Name Class Date 20.1 Viruses Lesson Objectives Explain how viruses reproduce. Explain how viruses cause infection. BUILD Vocabulary A. The chart below shows key terms from the lesson with their definitions.
Viruses. Rotavirus (causes stomach flu) HIV virus
Viruses Rotavirus (causes stomach flu) HIV virus What is a virus? A virus is a microscopic, infectious agent that may infect any type of living cell. Viruses must infect living cells in order to make more
BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY: VIRUSES
BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY: VIRUSES Viruses: a Group of Intracellular Parasites In the 19th century, many rabies cases plagued Europe. In London, for example, 29 deaths by "hydrophobia" were enumerated in the
19/06/2013. Viruses are not organisms (do not belong to any kingdom). Viruses are not made of cells, have no cytoplasm, and no membranes.
VIRUSES Many diseases of plants and animals are caused by bacteria or viruses that invade the body. Bacteria and viruses are NOT similar kinds of micro-organisms. Bacteria are classified as living organisms,
AP Biology. Viral diseases Polio. Chapter 18. Smallpox. Influenza: 1918 epidemic. Emerging viruses. A sense of size
Hepatitis Viral diseases Polio Chapter 18. Measles Viral Genetics Influenza: 1918 epidemic 30-40 million deaths world-wide Chicken pox Smallpox Eradicated in 1976 vaccinations ceased in 1980 at risk population?
Chapter 5. Viral infections (I)
Chapter 5. Viral infections (I) 1. Properties of virus - Virus: derived from Latin and means poison or stench (foul odor) - Definition an infectious, potentially pathogenic nucleoprotein entity which reproduces
Microbiology Chapter 7 Viruses
Microbiology Chapter 7 Viruses 7:1 Viral Structure and Classification VIRUS: a biological particle composed of genetic material (DNA or RNA) encased in a protein coat CAPSID: protein coat surrounding a