Cornell Institute for Biology Teachers

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1 Crnell Institute fr Bilgy Teachers 2000, 2004, 2012, 2015, CIBT, Ithaca, NY Distributin f this labratry exercise is permitted if (i) distributin is fr nn-prfit purpses nly and (ii) this cpyright ntice appears n each cpy. Lab Issued: 2000 Lab Reviewed: May 2015 Title: Authrs: Apprpriate Level: NYS Standards: Abstract: Special Materials: Time Requirement: Teeth Unit Larry Hhl, L. C. Oburn High Schl, East Rchester, NY Barbara Hendry, East Rchester Elementary Schl, East Rchester, NY Revised and expanded by Flrianna Blantn, Laurel Suthard, and Sarah Hutchinsn, CIBT, Crnell University, Ithaca, NY. Grades Analysis, Inquiry and Design: 1- Purpse f Scientific Inquiry: 1.1a, 1.3a; 2- Research plan, hyptheses: 2.1a, 2.3a,b; 3- Analysis f results: 3.1a, 3.2a, 3.4a; 3- Mathematics: 4-Mdeling: 4.2, 4.3; 4- Living Envirnment: 3- Change ver time: 3.1a, 3.2b. Students will investigate the characteristics f teeth and what teeth can tell abut an animal s lifestyle: Students will srt and categrize 10 t 12 teeth. Given infrmatin abut what canines, incisrs and mlars are, students will identify which teeth are which and why. They will predict which teeth came frm what animal. Students will cmpare given animal teeth t their wn, determine what kind f teeth they have, and which teeth are used t eat which kinds f fd. The unit will include a study f jaws frm carnivres, herbivres and mnivres. Based n the teeth structure, students will hypthesize which jaws belng t which type f animal. CIBT Teeth Kit class perids (withut extensins)

2 Teacher Sectin Table f Cntents New Yrk State Learning Standards... 3 CIBT Kit Cntents... 4 Surces and Additinal Resurces... 5 Interdisciplinary Extensins... 6 Intrductry Activity: What D Yu Knw?... 8 Activity 1: Hw Many Teeth D I Have?... 9 Activity 2: Which Teeth D Yu Use? Activity 3: Oh, What Big Teeth Yu Have! Activity 4: What Did It Eat fr Dinner? Activity 5: Tyrannsaurus Rex Teeth The rder in which yu cmplete the activities is flexible, althugh we recmmend cmpleting Activity 1 first (after the Intrductry Activity) because it cntains infrmatin that will be built upn in later labs. Activity 5, making a cast mdel f a T-Rex tth, is ptinal CIBT Teeth Unit Teacher Sectin Page 2

3 Teeth Unit New Yrk State Learning Standards Standard 1: Analysis, Inquiry and Design Key Idea 1: The central purpse f scientific inquiry is t develp explanatins f natural phenmena in a cntinuing, creative prcess The central purpse f scientific inquiry is t develp explanatins f natural phenmena Develp relatinships amng bservatins t cnstruct descriptins f bjects and events and t frm their wn tentative explanatins f what they have bserved. Key Idea 2: Beynd the use f reasning and cnsensus, scientific inquiry invlves the testing f prpsed explanatins invlving the use f cnventinal techniques and prcedures and usually requiring cnsiderable ingenuity Develp written plans fr explring phenmena r evaluating explanatins guided by questins r prpsed explanatins they have helped t frmulate Carry ut their plans fr explring phenmena thrugh direct bservatins and thrugh the use f simple instruments that permit measurement f quantities, such as length, mass, vlume, temperature and time. Key Idea 3: The bservatins made while testing prpsed explanatins, when analyzed using cnventinal and invented methds, prvide new insights int phenmena Organize bservatins and measurements f bjects and events thrugh classificatin and the preparatin f simple charts and tables Adjust their explanatins and understandings f bjects and events based n their findings and new ideas. Standard 3: Mathematics Key Idea 4: Mdeling/Multiple representatin Students use mathematical mdeling/multiple representatin t prvide a means f presenting, interpreting, cmmunicating and cnnecting mathematical infrmatin and relatinships Cnstruct tables, charts and graphs t display and analyze real-wrld data Use multiple representatins as tls t explain the peratin f everyday prcedures. Standard 4: The Living Envirnment Key Idea 3: Individual rganisms and species change ver time Describe hw structures f plants and animals cmplement the envirnment f the plant r animal Observe that the differences within a species may give individuals an advantage in surviving and reprducing CIBT Teeth Unit Teacher Sectin Page 3

4 CIBT Kit Cntents The CIBT Teeth Kit cntains the fllwing materials: 10 small mirrrs 8 animal cards (laminated) Animal Jaws: 1 cw jaw 4 raccn jaws 4 cyte jaws 4 Tyrannsaurus Rex fssil tth rubber mlds Animal Teeth, five f each (available thrugh Skulls Unlimited, SKULL): Bear canine Beaver incisr Beaver mlar Bbcat canine Bbcat incisr Bbcat mlar Cw mlar Cw incisr Cyte mlar Cyte canine Cyte incisr Hrse incisr Hrse mlar Raccn canine Raccn mlar Raccn incisr Teeth Bks: Fur cpies f Hw Many Teeth by Paul Shwers. Let s Read and Find Out Abut Science series, Harper Cllins Publishers, Secnd grade reading level. Excellent surce f infrmatin fr students. See Activity 2. Thrw Yur Tth n the Rf: Tth Traditins frm Arund the Wrld by Selby B. Beeler. May nly be available in hardcver. Grandpa s Teeth by Rd Clement. Harper Cllins Publishers, Find ut where Grandpa s lst teeth were. My Lse Tth. Randm Huse, Step Int Reading Level 1. Rhyming stry abut hw t get a lse tth t cme ut CIBT Teeth Unit Teacher Sectin Page 4

5 Surces and Additinal Resurces Fr Students: Teeth, Tusks and Fangs (Yung Discvery Library) by Rger Dievart. Gd surce f infrmatin n physilgy, uses, types and care f human and animal teeth, tusks and fangs. Third grade reading level. Teeth and Tusks (Head t Tail) by Theresa Greenway Dragn Teeth and Parrt Beaks: Even Creatures Brush Their Teeth by Almute Grhmann Fr Students and Teachers: Adventures f Cyberbee The American Dental Assciatin (ADA) Animatins and games available frm the ADA. The Accidental Scientist. The Science f Cking. Atkins Dentistry, Educatinal Dental Animatins. The Educatr s Guide t Oral Health Crest and Oral-B s Dental Educatin Prgram, including lessn plans, materials, games, and activities that wuld cmplement this unit well. First 5 Years Oral Health. Knittel, L Fds fr a healthy, beautiful smile: prtect yur teeth and gums with these stellar fds. Natural Health. December KidsHealth May Clinic MedlinePlus My Dctr Tdd: Children s Dental Health Center CIBT Teeth Unit Teacher Sectin Page 5

6 Natinal Institutes f Health. Office f Science Educatin. Science Daily: T. rex s Killer Smile Revealed Simple Steps t Better Dental Health. Tyrannsaurus Rex: Everything Yu Need t Knw Abut the King f the Dinsaurs University f Califrnia Museum f Palentlgy. The Tyrant Lizards: The Tyrannsauridae, Interdisciplinary Extensins Mathematics Graph number f teeth f students in class. Have each student cunt hw many teeth he/she has (with help frm a partner r high schl student). Cunt hw many students have 20, 19, 18, 17, 16 and s n. Graph number f teeth versus number f students having that many teeth. Cmpare size f teeth and/r number f teeth frm different animals. Make a graph r chart. Fr example, a whale shark has 7200 teeth, each abut 3 mm big. The tusk frm an ld walrus can be 1 meter lng. A dlphin has teeth. An ld elephant can have a 3-meter tusk that weighs 125 punds. Scial Studies/Histry Investigate the histry f the tthbrush, tthpaste, wden teeth, tthpicks and ther ways f dealing with teeth in the past. Integrated Language Arts Investigate teeth flklre and legends. Read bks abut teeth traditins arund the wrld. Have each student pick a traditin frm a different cuntry t tell abut and find the cuntry n a map. Befre students investigate teeth traditins arund the wrld, have them try t think f sme ther ways t get rid f teeth that have fallen ut. An excellent bk is Thrw Yur Tth n the Rf: Tth Traditins frm Arund the Wrld by Selby B. Beeler. Anther bk is Tth Tales: Frm Arund the Wrld by Marlene Targ Brill. Write creative stries abut a lst tth r the tth fairy. Read Hw Rabbit Tricked Otter and Other Cherkee Animal Stries which includes a why r purqui stry abut why deer teeth are blunt. Have students write their wn why stries abut teeth CIBT Teeth Unit Teacher Sectin Page 6

7 Read trade bks abut teeth. Sme gd examples include: A Quarter frm the Tth Fairy (Hell Math Reader Level 3) A by tries t spend his quarter but gets cnfused abut the many different cins that equal twenty-five cents. The Tth Fairy (My First Reader) by Kirsten Hall Very easy. Arthur s Lse Tth by Lillian Hban What D Fairies D With All Thse Teeth? by Michael Luppens Lts f fun pssibilities. Yung Cam Jansen and the Lst Tth by David Adler Cam uses her phtgraphic memry t help a classmate find a lst tth. The Tth Bk by Dr. Seuss Rhyming test and illustratins pint ut what animals have teeth, their uses and hw t care fr them CIBT Teeth Unit Teacher Sectin Page 7

8 Teeth Unit Intrductry Activity: What D Yu Knw? Time: Apprximately 20 minutes Purpse Find ut what students already knw abut teeth and what questins they might have abut teeth. Prcedure 1. Use semantic mapping t illustrate infrmatin students knw already abut teeth. (The map belw was dne using the cmputer prgram Inspiratin and is used nly as an illustratin f what yur students might cme up with.) Studying Teeth Size Lcatin Shape Clr Number f Carnivres Attributes Tear Herbivres Different animals Teeth Use Cut Omnivres Grind Imprtance f brushing teeth 2. List questins students have abut teeth, bth their wn and in different animals. (Mapping ften cntributes questins since students disagree abut infrmatin n a subject.) 2015 CIBT Teeth Unit Teacher Sectin Page 8

9 Teeth Unit Activity 1: Hw Many Teeth D I Have? Time: Apprximately 45 minutes. Purpse Students will explre their muths and see if they can feel differences amng their teeth. They will learn t identify canines, incisrs and mlars. Students will cunt their wn teeth and graph class teeth data. Materials q Cffee Stirrers r Q-Tips q Mirrrs (ne per grup) (*) q Antibacterial hand sap q Hw Many Teeth? bk (*) (*) Materials included in the Tth Kit Prcedure 1. Pass ut the Activity 1 Hw Many Teeth D I Have? Wrksheet and have students read the intrductry paragraph. Review this infrmatin as a class befre prceeding; it will be used heavily thrughut the lab. They will learn that: Incisrs specialize in cutting r snipping ff pieces f fd. They are brad and flat, with a narrw edge, and are lcated at the frnt f the muth. Canines rip and tear fds that might be tugh; they als pierce and hld. Canines are lcated behind the incisrs n bth sides f the muth. Mlars are large teeth with brad surfaces designed fr crushing, grinding and chewing fd. They can be fund at the back f the muth. The diagrams belw shw each f these tth types frm the side (the darker part is the rt) and the tp (the chewing surface). If yu are wrking with lder students, cnsider including pre-mlars thrughut the lab activities. Als knwn as bicuspids, these teeth are nt present in primary dentitin (they grwn in nce all baby teeth are lst). Pre-mlars are a crss between canines and mlars. They have sharp pints fr piercing and ripping, but they als have a brader surface fr chewing and grinding. 2. After washing their hands with sap, direct students t determine the shapes f their teeth. Review the infrmatin n incisrs, canines, and mlars frm their wrksheet. Hand ut mirrrs and have them tuch their teeth. Ask questins such as: D all yur teeth feel the same? What kinds f surfaces d yu feel? 2015 CIBT Teeth Unit Teacher Sectin Page 9

10 Hw many different types f teeth can yu feel? Hw many different tth sizes can yu feel? Where are the largest teeth lcated? D sme teeth feel flatter r duller than thers? D sme teeth feel sharper than thers? If s, where are they lcated? Why d yu think yu have different types f teeth? 3. Students will nw predict hw many teeth they have, and recrd n the data table n the wrksheet. They will als predict hw many f each type f teeth they have (incisrs, canines, mlars), and upper/lwer jaw cunt. 4. Have students read the bk Hw Many Teeth? by Paul Shwers t cnfirm hw many teeth children and adults have. They will recrd this data n the table n the wrksheet. 5. Students will cunt hw many teeth they have. They will use the same data table as the predictins and bk data, s they will be cmparing the three. Using a mirrr, and a cffee stirrer r Q-tip t tuch each tth as they cunt may help. 6. If wrking with middle r high schl students, have elementary students cunt hw many teeth lder students have. Is it mre r less? Why? 7. Class Discussin: Cllect data frm all students abut hw many teeth they have. Direct students t raise their hand if they cunted 15 teeth, then ask abut 16 teeth, 17 teeth, etc. Recrd the results f the pll and annunce t the class. Make sure each student recrds the infrmatin s that they can graph the class data n the wrksheet. Ask questins abut the class data such as: Hw many mre students have 18 teeth than 16 teeth? (r similar questins) What is the mst cmmn number f teeth? Why d yu think sme students have mre/less teeth? If desired, yu can als ask students t graph hw many teeth they have versus hw ld they are in mnths. Tw ptinal, mdifiable wrksheets are included fr this activity (Activity 1 Student Wrksheets 2-3). Yu wuld need t mdify the X-axis t suit yur class. Have students recrd each ther s ages and teeth cunts in small grups r as a whle class. Yunger students culd plt data pints n a grid with age ranges and teeth cunts, then bserve the data this way (see Activity 1 Student Wrksheet 2). Older students culd find the average teeth cunt fr each age range (e.g teeth fr students mnths ld) and make a bar graph (see Activity 1 Student Wrksheet 3). See if they can find any trends in number f teeth versus age, and why they think these might be (students lse baby teeth and re-grw them at varius ages). This activity wuld be great with the help f high schl students and their data! Other graphing pssibilities fr lder students include age vs. average number f canines, incisrs, r mlars; gender vs. number f canines, incisrs, and mlars. Different grups in the classrm culd make different graphs and present t the whle class when finished CIBT Teeth Unit Teacher Sectin Page 10

11 8. Have students label a diagram f their muth (Activity 1 Student Wrksheet 4) shwing which teeth are which. Answers are shwn in the diagram at right. 9. Cnclusin (and lead-in t next activity): When students have determined what kinds f teeth they have, see if they can use that infrmatin t hypthesize what humans wuld eat and which teeth might be used fr which fds. Optinal NIH mvie abut primary and permanent teeth: CIBT Teeth Unit Teacher Sectin Page 11

12 Teeth Unit Activity 2: Which Teeth D Yu Use? Time: Apprximately 45 minutes. Purpse Students will predict and investigate which kinds f teeth are used t eat different kinds f fd. Materials q q Fd: bread, carrts, bananas (enugh fr each student t try each fd) Optinal fd (fr mre trials): ckies, raisins, apples q Mirrrs (*) (*) Materials included in the CIBT Tth Kit Prcedure 1. Review Activity 1 by having students describe what each kind f tth is used fr: Incisrs cutting Canines grasping, tearing, stabbing Mlars crushing and grinding Pre-mlars hlding, crushing 2. Have students predict which teeth they wuld use t eat bread, carrts and bananas. They must prvide a reasn why they chse a particular kind f tth. They will recrd this infrmatin n the Activity 2 Which Teeth D Yu Use? Student Wrksheet. An answer key is attached n the fllwing page. 3. Then instruct students t try eating each kind f fd and help them figure ut which teeth are being used. Are the same teeth used at the beginning, in the middle, and at the end f chewing? Having mirrrs and a partner may help. 4. Have students predict what different kinds f teeth are used fr ther kinds f fd (e.g. ckies, raisins, apples). If desired, repeat the predicting/eating/data recrding prcess fr these fds as well. Optinal Extensin r Hmewrk If students have a dg r cat, have them bserve it eating. Try t describe what kind f teeth it has and its jaw mvement CIBT Teeth Unit Teacher Sectin Page 12

13 Activity 2 Student Wrksheet: Which Teeth D Yu Use? ANSWER KEY What are the three kinds f teeth that yu have? Incisrs, canines, and mlars. Predictins Which teeth wuld yu use t eat bread? Canines, mlars Why? Canines grasp and tear fd, while mlars crush and grind it. Which teeth wuld yu use t eat carrts? Incisrs, mlars Why? Incisrs slice ff pieces f the carrts s mlars can crush and grind the smaller pieces. Which teeth wuld yu use t eat bananas? Any r all teeth Why? Bananas are sft enugh t be bitten and chewed by any f the tth types. Results Nw try eating the bread. Which teeth are used? Canines Are ther teeth used as yu cntinue r finish eating? Mlars Nw try eating the carrts. Which teeth are used? Incisrs Are ther teeth used as yu cntinue r finish eating? Mlars Nw try eating the banana. Which teeth are used? Incisrs r canines (mst likely incisrs) Are ther teeth used as yu cntinue r finish eating? Prbably mlars Ntice that different types f teeth take different kinds f actin (fr example: tearing, stabbing, cutting, crushing, grinding) when yu re using them t eat. This is because each type f tth has a specific purpse. Any f the italicized answers are acceptable. What are incisrs used fr? cutting, snipping, slicing What are canines used fr? grasping, tearing, stabbing, ripping, piercing, hlding What are mlars used fr? crushing, grinding, chewing 2015 CIBT Teeth Unit Teacher Sectin Page 13

14 Teeth Unit Activity 3: Oh, What Big Teeth Yu Have! Time: Apprximately 60 minutes. Purpse Students will examine a grup f animal tth replicas and srt them based n size, shape, functin, and animal they likely belnged t. Students will be able t identify canines, incisrs, mlars, and their respective functins. Materials q Animal tth replicas (5 f each type, labeled A-Q) (*) q Yellw animal teeth srting wrksheet (*) q Questin cards (*) q Metric rulers (*) Materials included in the Tth Kit Prcedure 1. Students will be divided int grups f abut fur. 2. Each grup f students will be given a number f assrted teeth (including canines, mlars and incisrs frm a representative grup f animals). Yu can decide hw many teeth t give students based n their age r ability level yunger students may be verwhelmed if given all 16 teeth! Mdify the table n the Activity 3 Oh, What Big Teeth Yu Have! Student Wrksheet accrdingly. 3. Ask the students t identify the tp and bttm f each tth. They may need help with this. The rt (bttm) is usually the lnger part, and there can be multiple rts n ne tth. The sharp, knife-like OR dull, grinding surface is the tp. Nte: the cde f each tth is n the bttm r rt. 4. Students will wrk with the Animal Teeth Srting Wrksheet (yellw laminated sheet, included in CIBT Kit), which prvides a list f animals frm which the teeth came. They will als measure the length and width f each tth with metric rulers, recrding data n the Activity 3 Student Wrksheet. Fr each tth, students will hypthesize the type f tth and which animal it came frm. Hand ut Questin Cards (green, laminated, included in CIBT Kit) t each grup, t guide students in their chices. Help them answer the questins, which are as fllws: Hw big is the animal this tth came frm? What d yu think the animal eats? Hw many rts des the tth have? (Mlars typically have mre rts.) What des the chewing surface f the tth lk like? Is it sharp r dull? (Carnivres typically have sharper chewing surfaces, fr tearing thrugh flesh, while herbivres have duller surfaces fr grinding plant material.) 2015 CIBT Teeth Unit Teacher Sectin Page 14

15 Older students can be asked t divide each tth length by the tth s width t cme up with a Tth Index number (add anther clumn fr this in the data table n the Activity 3 Student Wrksheet). They will find that mlars typically have a lwer index number (between 1 and 2) than incisrs and canines (between 3 and 4). Help the students use the index number t help them predict what kind f tth each ne is. 5. See belw ( Teeth Identified by Cde ) t identify teeth. Teeth Identified by Cde A cw mlar B C D E F G H I J K L beaver incisr cyte mlar bear canine cw incisr bbcat canine cyte canine bbcat mlar hrse mlar cyte incisr raccn canine bbcat incisr M raccn mlar N P Q beaver mlar raccn incisr hrse incisr 2015 CIBT Teeth Unit Teacher Sectin Page 15

16 Teeth Unit Activity 4: What Did It Eat fr Dinner? Time: Apprximately 45 minutes. Purpse Students will determine if a given jaw (r part f a jaw) is frm a carnivre, herbivre r mnivre. Materials q Raccn jaw replica (*) q Cyte jaw replica (*) q Cw jaw replica (*) (*) Materials included in the Tth Kit Prcedure 1. Jaws are labeled R (raccn), C (cyte), r unlabeled (cw). Make sure students have the Activity 4 What Did It Eat Fr Dinner? Student Wrksheet. 2. Instruct students t fill ut the questins abut animal diets at the tp f the wrksheet. 3. Help students fill in the data fr the cw jaw clumn n their wrksheet. We recmmend using the cw jaw (an herbivre) as an example, since it is unlabeled. They will determine which tth is tallest, which is widest; and hw many incisrs, canines, and mlars are present. If yu wuld like yur class t practice metric measurement skills, yu can mdify the chart t include quantitative measurements instead f qualitative questins. 4. Divide the class int grups f abut fur students. Give each grup an R jaw and a C jaw. Allw sme time fr the students t study and cmpare the jaws. After filling ut the data table, the grup shuld be able t determine whether the animal was a carnivre, herbivre r mnivre including a ratinale fr their chice. 5. After grups have examined bth jaws, have a class discussin t determine which jaws were which and the reasns why. Annunce that the R jaw is frm a raccn, which is an mnivre. The C jaw is frm a cyte, which is a carnivre. Discuss the dentitin f each jaw, especially the cyte s prminent canines and tiny mlars. With lder students, yu can intrduce the presence f the cyte s carnassial tth, a giveaway that it is a carnivre. Carnassial teeth are large teeth fund in many carnivrus mammals, used fr shearing flesh and bne in a scissr- r shear-like way. Students can find these teeth in their cat r dg! 2015 CIBT Teeth Unit Teacher Sectin Page 16

17 Teeth Unit Activity 5: Tyrannsaurus rex Tth Time: Apprximately 45 minutes. Objective Students will use rubber mlds and a casting medium t make their wn replica f a fssil T. rex tth. Materials q Tyrannsaurus rex tth mlds (*) q q q q q q q Rubber bands t keep bth halves f the mld tgether Casting medium (Perfect Cast, Plaster f Paris, etc.) Mixing cup Mixing utensil Water Nail file She plish, clear nail plish (ptinal) (*) Included in the CIBT Tth Kit Prcedure 1. Hand ut the Activity 5 T. rex Teeth Fact Sheet t students. Have them read thrugh it, then discuss as a class in light f what they have learned thrughut the Teeth Unit. 2. Cver the wrking area with newspaper r set up fur dispsable plates. 3. Fit the tw pieces f the mld tgether in the crrect psitin and secure them tgether with rubber bands. The kit includes fur mlds (eight halves). 4. Pur 2 ½ tablespns f cl water (abut 40 ml) int a plastic beaker r dispsable cup. 5. Add apprximately 6 tablespns f casting medium (abut 85 grams) t the plastic beaker/cup. Refer t the casting medium s instructins fr exact measurements. Begin stirring immediately until the mixture is evenly mixed and smth. Tap the cup n the table fr at least ne minute t bring any bubbles in the mixture t the surface. 6. Fill the mld thrugh the small hle n the tp with the plaster mixture. If using a small beaker, yu can pur frm the sput. Otherwise yu can use a small funnel r make a funnel flding half f a small dispsable plate. Tap the mld slightly n the table. Tilt it in all directins t disldge any air bubbles frm the sides f the mld. Add mre plaster as needed, until the mld is full. 7. DO NOT pur ANY extra casting mixture dwn the drain!!! 8. Extra plaster and the dispsable cups shuld be thrwn away in the trash. If yu are using plastic beakers, clean with a wet paper twel and wash remaining leftver mixture with warm water. Wash the mixing utensil befre the mixture hardens CIBT Teeth Unit Teacher Sectin Page 17

18 9. Let the filled mld sit undisturbed fr at least 30 minutes r until the cast is warm and hard. The bttm f the mld might leak small drps f the mixture. 10. When the plaster is hard, carefully separate the sides f the mld and very carefully remve the cast. The cast might be slightly sft. This is a perfect replica f a genuine fssil. 11. Carefully break the funnel like prjectin at the tp f the cast. File ff any seam line where the tw halves came tgether. Let the fssil dry cmpletely. 12. Yu can finish the fssil with paint r stain in earth tnes. Brwn, slid she plish applied with a napkin wrks extremely well, but yu can als use dark clred wd stains r even tea. After the she plish dries ut, apply ne cat r tw f transparent nail plish. It gives the tth a subdued, glssy finish, similar t a natural weathered bne CIBT Teeth Unit Teacher Sectin Page 18

19 Teeth Unit Activity 1: Hw Many Teeth D I Have? Student Wrksheets Hw Many Teeth D I Have? Name: In yur muth, yu have at least three different types f teeth, all with different purpses. Other animals have these types f teeth t! 1. Incisrs specialize in cutting r snipping ff pieces f fd. They are brad and flat, with a narrw edge, and are lcated at the frnt f the muth. 2. Canines rip and tear fds that might be tugh; they als pierce and hld. Canines are lcated behind the incisrs n bth sides f the muth. 3. Mlars are large teeth with brad surfaces designed fr crushing, grinding and chewing fd. They can be fund at the back f the muth. The diagrams belw shw each f these tth types frm the side (the darker part is the rt) and the tp (the chewing surface). Prcedure 1. Predict hw many f each tth type yu have (dn t cunt yet!). Write yur predictins in the first clumn f the table belw. 2. Next, read the bk Hw Many Teeth by Paul Shwers. Recrd the number f each type f tth that the bk says yu have in the same table. 3. Nw wash yur hands with antibacterial sap. Use a mirrr and wrk with a partner t cunt yur teeth fr the next sectin. Yu may want t use a cffee stirrer r Q-Tip (prvided by yur teacher) t help yu cunt. Recrd yur data in the table. Predicted Number Number frm Hw Many Teeth? Bk Cunted Number Incisrs Canines Mlars Lwer Jaw Upper Jaw TOTAL 2015 CIBT Teeth Unit Student Sectin Page 1

20 Teeth Unit Activity 1: Hw Many Teeth D I Have? Student Wrksheets Name: Yur teacher will nw ask yu hw many teeth yu cunted and tell yu hw many teeth yur classmates cunted. Listen carefully in class s yu can write dwn these answers: Hw many students have 20 teeth? Hw many students have 19 teeth? Hw many students have 18 teeth? Hw many students have 17 teeth? Hw many students have 16 teeth? Hw many students have 15 teeth? Hw many students have less than 15 teeth? Use the next page t make a graph f this infrmatin CIBT Teeth Unit Student Sectin Page 2

21 Teeth Unit Activity 1: Hw Many Teeth D I Have? Student Wrksheets Name: Title f Graph: Number f Students Less than 15 Number f Teeth 2015 CIBT Teeth Unit Student Sectin Page 3

22 Teeth Unit Activity 1: Hw Many Teeth D I Have? Student Wrksheets Optinal Wrksheet 1: Yunger Students Name: Hw ld are yu in mnths? Yu can find ut by using a calculatr t multiply yur age by 12, and then adding the number f mnths ver yur age that yu are. Fill ut the table belw by asking yur grup members the fllwing questins: Example Hw ld are yu in mnths? 88 Hw many teeth d yu have? 19 Yu Nw yu will put a dt abve the students age and next t their number f teeth n the graph belw. An example frm the table is shwn. Title f Graph: Number f Teeth Less than Students Age (Mnths) 2015 CIBT Teeth Unit Student Sectin Page 4

23 Teeth Unit Activity 1: Hw Many Teeth D I Have? Student Wrksheets Name: Optinal Wrksheet 2: Older Students (PAGE 1) Fill ut Table 1 belw by asking yur grup members the fllwing questins: Table 1. Hw ld are yu in mnths? Hw many teeth d yu have? Nw transfer yur data t Table 2. Yu will need t find the average number f teeth fr each age class befre filling it ut. Use a separate sheet f paper fr calculatins. Table 2. Age (mnths) Average Number f Teeth Make a bar graph using the data frm Table 2 n the next page CIBT Teeth Unit Student Sectin Page 5

24 Teeth Unit Activity 1: Hw Many Teeth D I Have? Student Wrksheets Name: Optinal Wrksheet 2: Older Students (PAGE 2) Title f Graph: Average Number f Teeth Less than Age (Mnths) 2015 CIBT Teeth Unit Student Sectin Page 6

25 Teeth Unit Activity 1: Hw Many Teeth D I Have? Student Wrksheets Name: Label the fllwing diagram f a muth with incisrs, canines, and mlars: 2015 CIBT Teeth Unit Student Sectin Page 7

26 Teeth Unit Activity 2: Which Teeth D Yu Use? Student Wrksheet What are the three kinds f teeth that yu have? Which Teeth D Yu Use? Name:,, and. Predictins Which teeth wuld yu use t eat bread? Why? Which teeth wuld yu use t eat carrts? Why? Which teeth wuld yu use t eat bananas? Why? Results Nw try eating the bread. Which teeth are used? Are ther teeth used as yu cntinue r finish eating? Nw try eating the carrts. Which teeth are used? Are ther teeth used as yu cntinue r finish eating? Nw try eating the banana. Which teeth are used? Are ther teeth used as yu cntinue r finish eating? Ntice that different types f teeth take different kinds f actin (fr example: tearing, stabbing, cutting, crushing, grinding) when yu re using them t eat. This is because each type f tth has a specific purpse. What are incisrs used fr? What are canines used fr? What are mlars used fr? 2015 CIBT Teeth Unit Student Sectin Page 8

27 Teeth Unit Activity 3: Oh, What Big Teeth Yu Have! Student Wrksheet Name: Fill ut the fllwing table with yur bservatins, measurements, and predictins. Each tth has a cde n the bttm, which yu will enter in the first clumn t identify it. Yu will use metric rulers t measure the teeth in centimeters (cm). Tth Cde Draw a picture. Width (cm) Length (cm) Incisr, canine, r mlar? Animal? 2015 CIBT Teeth Unit Student Sectin Page 9

28 Teeth Unit Activity 4: What Did It Eat fr Dinner? Student Wrksheets Name: What Did It Eat fr Dinner? Think back t the yellw chart yu used t srt the teeth in Activity 3 ( Oh, What Big Teeth Yu Have! ) as yu answer these questins: Herbivres What des an herbivre eat? What kinds f teeth wuld an herbivre use the mst? Name tw animals that are herbivres:, Carnivres What des a carnivre eat? What kinds f teeth wuld a carnivre use the mst? Name tw animals that are carnivres:, Omnivres What des an mnivre eat? What kinds f teeth wuld an mnivre use? Name tw animals that are mnivres:, Nw fill ut the fllwing table fr each f the tw jaws yur grup has been given. The jaws are labeled R and C. Each f them cmes frm a different animal. As an example, yu will first fill ut the table fr the cw jaw as a class. Tallest type f tth? Widest type f tth? Hw many incisrs? Hw many canines? Hw many mlars? Herbivre, carnivre, r mnivre? Explain yur chice. R C Cw 2015 CIBT Teeth Unit Student Sectin Page 10

29 Teeth Unit Activity 5: Tyrannsaurus Rex Tth J. M. Lijit Tyrannsaurus rex Teeth Fact Sheet The Tyrannsaurus rex, a carnivrus dinsaur that lived millin years ag, crushed its prey bnes and all with ver 60 strng teeth and pwerful, 4-ft wide jaws. Its teeth were abut the size and shape f bananas (Figure 1), althugh sme teeth grew up t 4 feet lng. It had great variatin in the sizes and shapes f its teeth. discvery.cm Figure 1. T. rex teeth cmpared t a human hand. The teeth had serrated edges, used t tear flesh (Figure 2). They were peridically shed and re-grwn. paledirect.cm Figure 2. Serrated edges n T. rex s tth. The T. rex culd bite with 3 times the frce f a Great White Shark, 15 times the frce f an African lin, and 77 times the frce f an adult human! T. rex never flssed its teeth, s pieces f rtten, bacteria-infested meat wuld get stuck between them. If its prey escaped, it wuld almst certainly die f infectin frm the bite. T. rex's frnt teeth gripped and pulled, while the teeth alng the side f the jaw punctured and tre flesh (Figure 3). The teeth at the back f the muth sliced and diced chunks f prey, and als frced fd t the back f the thrat. nature.cm Figure 3. T. rex using its strng frnt teeth t grip and pull apart its prey (a Triceratps) CIBT Teeth Unit Student Sectin Page 11