What you should do in labs 11 & 12

Transcription

1 Bio 101 Laboratories 11 & 12 Muscle Histology Gross Human Skeletal Muscle Cat Muscle Dissection 1 What you should do in labs 11 & 12 Today (Lab 11) Muscle Histology (skeletal, smooth, cardiac) Human gross skeletal muscle anatomy Begin cat muscle dissection Get tested on histology and human skeletal muscle before leaving Next Lab (Lab 12) Finish cat muscle dissection Review muscle histology Review human gross skeletal muscle anatomy Get tested on cat muscles before leaving Note: Items with have been ADDED to your list of HUMAN muscles to know. Items indicated on figures with a were already on your Study Guide. 2 Histology of Muscle Tissue Three types of muscle tissue you will need to view under the microscope Skeletal (slide # 1310) Cardiac w/intercalated disc (slide # 1790) Smooth (slide # 1250, 3008 histological preparation) See Activity 4 (pp ) in Marieb s Lab Manual Muscle Tissue Characteristics Complete #19 (table), Review Sheet 6, page 88. This will give you a good comparison table to study for the lab exam 3 1

2 Skeletal Muscle Major characteristics Contractile Voluntary Striated Multinucleated Unbranched Major Functions Voluntary movement Heat generation 4 Skeletal Muscle Notice that this tissue is: Striated, multinucleated, non-branched 5 Cardiac Muscle Major characteristics Contractile Involuntary Striated Single nucleus Branched Intercalated discs Major Function Pump blood 6 2

3 Cardiac Muscle Notice that this tissue is: Striated, mononucleated, branched, and has intercalated disks 7 Smooth Muscle Major characteristics Contractile Involuntary NOT Striated Single, centrally located nucleus Unbranched Major Function Controls size/shape of organs Constricts blood vessels 8 Smooth Muscle Cytology Notice that this tissue is: Not striated, mononucleated, and non-branched Histology 9 3

4 Human Gross Skeletal Anatomy Use Figures 15.2 (page 200) and 15.3 (page 201) in Marieb s Exercise 15 for an overview. Look at your Study Guide for a list of the muscles for which you ll be responsible on the lab exam Refer to the Human Muscle Table in your Study Guide for more specifics on the muscles you need to know. Look at Exercise 46, Surface Anatomy Roundup, beginning on page 679 in Marieb s Laboratory Manual to view the superficial anatomy of the human skeletal muscles. (Especially important for clinical practice) 10 Human Skeletal Muscle Gross Anatomy Muscular system All skeletal muscles that can be controlled voluntarily Approximately 700 skeletal muscles in humans Shape or appearance give clues to function Locomotion and posture; work across joints Origin point of muscle attachment that moves least Insertion point of muscle attachment that moves most Support soft tissue; sheets between bony tissue Guard body entrances/exits; encircle opening 11 How Skeletal Muscles Are Named Characteristics used to name skeletal muscles Direction Orientation relative to body midline Rectus, transverse, oblique Size Relative size of muscle Maximus, minimus, longus, brevis, lattissimus, vastus Shape Relative shape of muscle Deltoid, trapezius, serratus, rhomboid 12 4

5 How Skeletal Muscles Are Named Characteristics used to name skeletal muscles Action Principle action Flexor, extensor, abductor, adductor, rotator Number of origins i Number of tendons of origin Biceps (2), triceps (3), quadriceps (4) Location Temporalis, femoris Origin and insertion (Origin is always first in name) Sternocleidomastoid, stylohyoid 13 Muscles of the Head Notice how the origins and insertions work Also see the PAL in Mastering A&P for skeletal muscle 14 Muscles of the Upper Body 15 5

6 Muscles of the Upper Body 16 Muscles of the upper limb 17 Muscles of the Anterior Forearm 18 6

7 Muscles Acting on Femur, Tibia, and Fibula Figures from: Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Prentice Hall, Muscles that Move the Foot 20 Muscles that Move the Foot 21 7

8 Cat Dissection Refer to the Cat Dissection Exercise 1 beginning on page 697 of Marieb s Laboratory Manual. Use the Cat Dissection Guideline handout distributed today; using the scalpel, blunt probe and gloved fingers Refer to your Laboratory Guide for a list of the cat muscles you ll need to identify for the lab exam. Note: Some muscles are superficial and some are deep It s best to do superficial dissection on one side of the cat, and deep dissection on the other 22 Tibialis anterior Gracilis External oblique Pectoralis minor Pectoantebrachialis Sartorius Xiphihumeralis Gastrocnemius Pectoralis major 23 Gastrocnemius Semitendinosus External oblique Sartorius Latissimus dorsi Levator scapulae ventralis Spinotrapezius Clavotrapezius Biceps femoris Gluteal muscles Tensor fasciae Acromiotrapezius Spinodeltoid latae Lumbodorsal fascia Clavodeltoid Acromio-, clavo-, and spinotrapezius = Trapezius Acromio-, clavo-, and spinodeltoid = Deltoid 24 8

9 Digastric muscles Mylohyoid Sternohyoid Sternomastoid Clavotrapezius ID neck muscles by photograph only 25 Pectoralis minor Pectoantebrachialis Xiphihumeralis Pectoralis major 26 Pectoralis Pectoantebrachialis major Pectoralis Xiphihumeralis minor External oblique Rectus abdominis 27 9

10 Pectoantebrachialis Latissimus dorsi Xiphihumeralis 28 External oblique (cut and reflected) Internal oblique Rectus abdominis Transversus abdominis 29 Pectoantebrachialis Pectoralis major Rectus abdominis Serratus ventralis (anterior) 30 10

11 Lumbodorsal fascia Latissimus dorsi Acromiotrapezius Spinotrapezius Spinodeltoid Clavotrapezius Clavodeltoid Levator scapulae ventralis Acromiodeltoid 31 Spinotrapezius Acromiotrapezius Clavotrapezius Latissimus dorsi Acromio-, clavo-, and spinotrapezius = Trapezius 32 Clavotrapezius Levator scapulae ventralis Acromiotrapezius Clavodeltoid Acromiodeltoid Spinodeltoid Spinotrapezius Latissimus dorsi Acromio-, clavo-, and spinodeltoid = Deltoid 33 11

12 Brachioradialis Pronator teres Biceps brachii Triceps brachii (medial head) 34 Flexor carpi radialis Flexor digitorum profundus Brachioradialis Extensor carpi radialis Palmaris longus Flexor carpi ulnaris Pronator teres Biceps brachii Epitrochlearis Triceps brachii 35 Biceps brachii Brachioradialis Flexor digitorum profundus Flexor carpi radialis Epitrochlearis Pronator teres Flexor carpi ulnaris Palmaris longus 36 12

13 Extensor carpi ulnaris Extensor digitorum lateralis Extensor digitorum communis Brachioradialis Triceps brachii (lateral head) Spinodeltoid Triceps brachii (long head) Acromiodeltoid Extensor carpi radialis longus Clavodeltoid Clavotrapezius 37 Brachioradialis Clavodeltoid Triceps brachii (lateral and long heads) 38 Sartorius Gracilis 39 13

14 Adductor longus Adductor femoris Semimembranosus Vastus medialis Vastus lateralis Pectineus Tensor fasciae Rectus latae femoris Fascia lata 40 Vastus lateralis Rectus femoris Pectineus Adductor longus Adductor femoris Vastus medialis Semimembranosus 41 Tibialis anterior Gastrocnemius Plantaris Flexor digitorum longus 42 14

15 Flexor digitorum longus Gastrocnemius Tibialis anterior 43 Biceps femoris Tensor fasciae latae Gluteus medius Semimembranosus Semitendinosus Gluteus maximus Caudofemoralis 44 Gluteus medius Caudofemoralis Gluteus maximus Biceps femoris Gastrocnemius Semitendinosus 45 15

16 Gastrocnemius Extensor digitorum longus Soleus Fibularis muscles 46 Remaining Labs for Semester Lab 13 Nervous System Human Brain Marieb Exercise 19 Sheep brain - Marieb Exercise 19 Lab 14 Eye Anatomy Marieb Exercise 24 Ear Anatomy Marieb Exercise 25 (We will not be doing any physiology in lab) Lab Exam 3 scheduled for 4/30/