KS4 Physical Education

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1 KS4 Physical Education Prevention of Injury These icons indicate that teacher s notes or useful web addresses are available in the Notes Page. This icon indicates that the slide contains activities created in Flash. These activities are not editable. 1of 31 For more detailed instructions, see the Getting Started presentation. Boardworks Ltd 2006

2 Learning objectives Learning objectives What we will learn in this presentation: What factors cause injuries Safety precautions which prevent injuries The importance of choosing correct clothing, footwear and equipment for different sports How body conditioning helps to prepare the body for activity Why and how we should warm-up and cool-down The need for balancing competition according to grading, skill levels, weight, age and gender The importance of rules and laws in sport and the role of officials in preventing injuries. 2of 31 Boardworks Ltd 2006

for example lack of proper conditioning, poor technique or failure to complete an effective warm-up or cool-down.

3 What causes injury? Injury can be caused by internal or external factors: Internal factors These are factors to do with the performer themselves, for example lack of proper conditioning, poor technique or failure to complete an effective warm-up or cool-down. External factors These are factors from outside that affect a performer on the day, for example the condition of the playing area, the equipment used and the actions of competitors. How can risks from these factors be minimized? 3of 31 Boardworks Ltd 2006

4 What causes injury? 4of 31 Boardworks Ltd 2006

5 What happens in your PE lessons? Think about the safety precautions that are taken in your PE lessons. These may include: Kit checks Use of safety equipment like crash mats A warm-up and cool-down Pitch inspection Instructions about technique and safety Which of these procedures are followed before every lesson? Which additional procedures are followed before: Rugby? Cricket? Tennis? Athletics? Football? Netball? 5of 31 Boardworks Ltd 2006

6 Before the game Many precautions must be taken before participation. Make a list of everything you can think of that can be done before sport to prevent injury, then look at the selection below. Inspection of playing conditions Correct technique Training Pre-event precautions Fitness, strength and flexibility Warm-up Correct clothing Kit Appropriate equipment in good condition Describe the importance of each item. 6of 31 Boardworks Ltd 2006

7 Correct clothing what not to wear 7of 31 Boardworks Ltd 2006

Correct clothing what you should wear What should you wear?

range of movement. Warm clothing should be worn before competing.

temperature. Protective gear appropriate to the activity should be worn.

8 Correct clothing what you should wear What should you wear? Generally speaking, you should wear comfortable clothing that allows a full range of movement. Warm clothing should be worn before competing. During the activity you need clothing that will keep you the correct temperature. Protective gear appropriate to the activity should be worn. Some dangerous sports require protective equipment like body armour, gum shields or helmets. 8of 31 Boardworks Ltd 2006

9 Correct clothing 9of 31 Boardworks Ltd 2006

10 Correct equipment The equipment you play with needs to be in good condition, up-to-date and used correctly. Javelin What are the possible issues around using the items shown opposite? 5-a-side goal Gym mats 10 of 31 Boardworks Ltd 2006

11 Fit to play It is said that: You must make sure that you are fit to play sport and don t just play sport to get fit What does this mean? Body conditioning is important in preventing injury. An athlete should prepare their body for the demands of their activity. 11 of 31 Boardworks Ltd 2006

12 Body conditioning One way of preparing your body for sport is weight training. Weight training can: increase tendon strength increase ligament strength increase bone strength. Tougher tendons, ligaments and bones are harder to damage, therefore the risk of injury is reduced. 12 of 31 Boardworks Ltd 2006

13 conditioning e sports require a high ee of flexibility. ibility training can help cipants to prepare for ts like gymnastics, diving, ial arts and climbing, re the body is required rform extreme movements. asing a participant s range of movement reduces isk of injuries like sprained and pulled muscles. easiest way to increase flexibility is by stretching. and similar activities can also help.

conditioning Endurance training can also help to prevent injury. oved fitness helps to prevent performers ming excessively fatigued during their activity.

14 conditioning Endurance training can also help to prevent injury. oved fitness helps to prevent performers ming excessively fatigued during their activity. atigue is associated with oblems like cramp and hydration. atigue can also lead to a ss of proper technique, What could happen to a rock climber if they became very fatigued? What could happen

15 conditioning

EMPICS Ltd Over a long period, poor technique in sports like rowing

16 ct technique r technique can lead to injury. It can cause you to have a sudden accident like a crash or a fall. EMPICS Ltd Over a long period, poor technique in sports like rowing and weightlifting can cause strains or joint damage. Think of four sports where injuries can be

rough warm-up should consist of three main stages: -up arming-up properly you will reduce the risk of soft e injuries like pulled muscles, strains and sprains.

17 rough warm-up should consist of three main stages: -up arming-up properly you will reduce the risk of soft e injuries like pulled muscles, strains and sprains. aim of a good warm-up is to gradually prepare the body xercise. This is done by: increasing body temperature, making muscles, tendons and ligaments more elastic stretching to increase the range of movement around joints.

18 -up e 1: light aerobic work t continuous activity such as slow jogging, is used to ase heart rate and blood flow. Muscles, ligaments and vial fluid in the joints are warmed, increasing flexibility. e 2: stretches tching the main muscle groups and joints increases their ticity and mobility so that they are less likely to be strained. e 3: specific stretches and skills-related exercises final stretches and exercises will tackle the muscles that e under particular stress during the planned activity, for ple, a javelin thrower may do some throws at 50% of

19 -up

20 ced competition Would you allow these two individuals to compete against each other in a boxing match? Why not?

21 ced competition particularly important in contact sports that competitors easonably evenly matched. This reduces the risk of y to younger or weaker competitors. e are many different ways of balancing competition. AGE any sports have junior agues or competitions. SKILL Most sports have eparate competitions GENDER Women and men compete separately in most sports. WEIGHT Many combative sports like boxing and wrestling have

22 ules of the game s and laws in sport are not just there to ensure fair play y are also designed to protect participants. rules of each sport depend on a number of factors, ding the level of contact and the equipment used. nk of how the rules in the following rts help to protect participants. 1. Ice hockey 2. Boxing 3. Track cycling

e are a number of ways in which ding players can be dealt with: arning from the

23 ules of the game rees and officials play an important role in ensuring ty, by enforcing the rules. e are a number of ways in which ding players can be dealt with: arning from the referee dvantage/points given to pponents ending players off, either ermanently or temporarily. isciplinary proceedings, cluding lengthy bans.

24 ules of the game

Why is this type of tackle ules of the game: a case study ng the 2005 Lions rugby tour ew Zealand, Brian O Driscoll, ions captain, suffered a cated shoulder

25 Why is this type of tackle ules of the game: a case study ng the 2005 Lions rugby tour ew Zealand, Brian O Driscoll, ions captain, suffered a cated shoulder when he tackled by two New Zealand ers. o footage later showed O Driscoll had been lifted is feet and driven into round head-first in what rmed a spear-tackle

26 ules of the game: a case study IRB rules state that: A player must not tackle an opponent early, late or dangerously. ugh the evidence emerged too late to take action nst the New Zealand players, the footage was ented to a conference of referees. rees have been instructed to be vigilant against this of tackle and punish offenders harshly. ers found guilty of spear-tackling can be suspended for o 6 months.

27 playing area safe? re sporting activity commences, teachers or match ials must check that the playing area is safe. es must be checked for glass and other sharp objects, sports halls need to be checked for wet or damaged floors. What other factors could affect the playing area? each of the following sports, consider the safety ications of freezing temperatures, strong winds the permanent fixtures required (e.g., goals, nets).

28 -down oper cool-down after activity ents muscles and joints ming stiff and sore. lps you to recover more kly so that you are ready to part in activity again sooner. ol-down should consist of e light aerobic work followed tretches. ping the blood moving prevents oling in the limbs which can e light-headedness. Stretching

29 nting injury

30 Exam-style questions 1. Pablo is about to play volleyball in a sports hall. a) List three things that he should do before playing to reduce the risk of injury. b) Explain the importance of body conditioning in preventing injury. Pablo often has stiff hamstrings the day after playing. c) How could Pablo prevent this? 2. Explain the roles of rules and officials in ensuring the safety of competitors. 3. Give a detailed description of a warm-up that is appropriate for a squash player. 30 of 31 Boardworks Ltd 2006

31 Glossary of keywords Warm-up Cool-down Blood pooling Correct technique Body conditioning Balanced competition Flexibility 31 of 31 Boardworks Ltd 2006

KS4 Physical Education

KS4 Physical Education Prevention of Injury These icons indicate that teacher s notes or useful web addresses are available in the Notes Page. This icon indicates that the slide contains activities created