1. Abromowicz WN, Galloway SD. Effects of acute versus chronic L-carnitine L-tartrate
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1 Chapter 12 Complete Reference List 1. Abromowicz WN, Galloway SD. Effects of acute versus chronic L-carnitine L-tartrate supplementation on metabolic responses to steady state exercise in males and females. Int J Sports Nutr Exerc Metab 2005;15: Althuis MD, et al. Glucose and insulin responses to dietary chromium supplements: a metaanalysis. Am J Clin Nutr 2002;76: Auclair E, et al. Metabolic effects of glucose, medium chain triglyceride and long chain triglyceride feeding before prolonged exercise in rats. Eur J Appl Physiol 1988;57: Balsom PD, et al. Creatine supplementation and dynamic high-intensity intermittent exercise. Scand J Med Sci Sports 1993;3: Balsom PD, et al. Creatine supplementation per se does not enhance endurance exercise performance. Acta Physiol Scand 1993;149: Balsom PD, et al. High-intensity exercise and muscle glycogen availability in humans. Acta Physiol Scand 1999;168: Barceló DG.Vanadium. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1999;37:265. Erratum in J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 2000;38: Bemben MG, et al. Creatine supplementation during resistance training in college football athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2001;33: Bemben MG. Effects of creatine supplementation on isometric force-time curve characteristics. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2001;33: Berardi JM, Ziegenfuss TN. Effects of ribose supplementation on repeated sprint performance in men. J Strength Cond Res 2003;17:47.
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6 56. Fry A, et al. Endocrine and performance responses to high volume training and amino acid supplementation in elite junior weightlifters. Int J Sports Nutr 1993;3: Giamberardino MA, et al. Effect of prolonged L-carnitine administration on delayed muscle pain and CK release after eccentric effort. Int J Sports Med 1996;17: Goedecke JH, et al. The effects of medium-chain triacylglycerol and carbohydrate ingestion on ultra-endurance exercise performance. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2005;15: Goforth HW Jr, et al. Persistence of supercompensated muscle glycogen in trained subjects after carbohydrate loading. J Appl Physiol 1997;82: Gotshalk LA, et al. Creatine supplementation improves muscular performance in older men. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2002;34: Goulet ED, et al. Effect of glycerol-induced hyperhydration on thermoregulatory and cardiovascular function and endurance performance during prolonged cycling in a 25 degrees C environment. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2006;31: Grant KE, et al. Chromium and exercise training: effect on obese women. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1997;29: Green AL, et al. Carbohydrate ingestion augments skeletal muscle creatine accumulation during creatine supplementation in humans. Am J Physiol 1996;271:E Green AL, et al. The influence of oral creatine supplementation on metabolism during submaximal incremental treadmill exercise. Proc Nutr Soc 1993;53:84A. 65. Greenhaff PL, et al. Effect of oral creatine supplementation on skeletal muscle phosphocreatine resynthesis. Am J Physiol 1994;266:E Greenhauf PL. Creatine and its application as an ergogenic aid. Int J Sports Nutr 1995;5:S100.
7 67. Halberstam M, et al. Oral vanadyl sulfate improves insulin sensitivity in NIDDM but not in obese nondiabetic subjects. Diabetes 1996;45: Hallmark MA, et al. Effects of chromium and resistive training on muscle strength and body composition. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1996;28: Hargreaves M, et al. Effect of muscle glycogen availability on maximal exercise performance. Eur J Appl Physiol 1997;75: Harris RC, et al. The effect of oral creatine supplementation on running performance during maximal short term exercise in man. J Physiol 1993;467:74P. 71. Harris RK, et al. Elevation of creatine in resting and exercised muscle of normal subjects by creatine supplementation. Clin Sci 1992;83: Hasten DL, et al. Effects of chromium picolinate on beginning weight training students. Int J Sports Nutr 1992;2: Hatfield DL, et al. The effects of carbohydrate loading on repetitive jump squat power performance. J Strength Cond Res 2006;20: Hathcock JN, Shao A. Risk assessment for coenzyme Q 10 (ubiquinone). Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2006;45: Hawley JA. Effect of increased fat availability on metabolism and exercise capacity. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2002;34: Hellsten Y, et al. Effect of ribose supplementation on resynthesis of adenine nucleotides after intense intermittent training in humans. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2004;286:R Heymsfield SB, et al. Garcinia cambogia (hydroxycitric acid) as a potential antiobesity agent: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 1998; 280:1596.
8 78. Hitchins S, et al. Glycerol hyperhydration improves cycle time trial performance in hot humid conditions. Eur J Appl Physiol 1999;80: Horton TJ, et al. Fuel metabolism in men and women during and after long-duration exercise. J Appl Physiol 1998;85: Indner WJ, et al. The effect of glycerol and desmopressin on exercise performance and hydration in triathletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1998;30: Ivy JL. Effect of pyruvate and dehydroxyacetone on metabolism and aerobic endurance capacity. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1998;6: Izquierdo M, et al. Effects of creatine supplementation on muscle power, endurance, and sprint performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2002;34: Jakobi JM, et al. Neuromuscular properties and fatigue in older men following acute creatine supplementation. Eur J Appl Physiol 2001; 84: Janssen G, et al. Muscle carnitine level in endurance training and running a marathon. Int J Sports Med 1989;10:S Jansson E. Sex differences in metabolic response to exercise. In: Saltin B, ed. Biochemistry of Exercise VI. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, Jenkins RR. Exercise, oxidative stress, and antioxidants: a review. Int J Sports Nutr 1993;3: Jeukendrup AE, Aldred S. Fat supplementation, health, and endurance performance. Nutrition 2004;20: Jeukendrup AE, et al. Effect of endogenous carbohydrate availability on oral medium chain triglyceride oxidation during prolonged exercise. J Appl Physiol 1996;80:949.
9 89. Jeukendrup AE, et al. Effect of medium-chain triacylglycerol and carbohydrate ingestion during exercise on substrate utilization and subsequent cycling performance. Am J Clin Nutr 1998;67: Jeukendrup AE, et al. Metabolic availability of medium-chain triglycerides coingested with carbohydrate during prolonged exercise. J Appl Physiol 1995;79: Jeukendrup AE, et al. Nutritional considerations in triathlon. Sports Med 2005;35: Jeukendrup A. High-carbohydrate versus high-fat diets in endurance sports. Schweiz Z Sportmed Sporttraumatol 2003;51: Kaats GR, et al. A randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled study of the effects of chromium picolinate supplementation on body composition: a replication and extension of a previous study. Curr Ther Res 1998;57: Karlic H, Lohninger A. Supplementation of L-carnitine in athletes: does it make sense? Nutrition 2004;20: Kavouras SA, et al. Rehydration with glycerol: endocrine, cardiovascular, and thermoregulatory responses during exercise in the heat. J Appl Physiol 2006;100: Kenney J, Carlberg KA. The effect of choline and myo-inositol on liver and carcass fat levels in aerobically trained rats. Int J Sports Med 1995;16: Kersick R, et al. Effects of ribose supplementation prior and during intense exercise on anaerobic capacity and metabolic markers. Int J Sports Nutr Exerc Metab 2005;15: Kilduff LP, et al. Effects of creatine on isometric bench-press performance in resistancetrained humans. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2002;34: Kim K, et al. (-)-Hydroxycitrate ingestion and endurance exercise performance. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol 2005;51:1.
10 100. Koenigsberg PS, et al. Sustained hyperhydration with glycerol ingestion. Life Sci 1995;57: Koh-Banerjee PH, et al. Effects of calcium pyruvate supplementation during training on bocy composition, exercise capacity, and metabolic responses to exercise. Nutrition 2005;21: Koopman R, et al. Combined ingestion of protein and carbohydrate improves protein balance during ultra-endurance exercise. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2004;287:E Koopman R, et al. Combined ingestion of protein and free leucine with carbohydrate increases postexercise muscle protein synthesis in vivo in male subjects. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2005;288:E Kovacs EM, Westerterp-Plantenga MS. Effects of (-)-hydroxycitrate on net fat synthesis as de novo lipogenesis. Physiol Behav 2006;23:88: Kraemer WJ, et al. Hormonal responses to consecutive days of heavy-resistance exercise with or without nutritional supplementation. J Appl Physiol 1998;85: Kramer WJ, et al. The effects of amino acid supplementation on hormonal responses to resistance training overreaching. Metabolism 2006;55: Kreider RB, et al. Effects of creatine supplementation on body composition, strength, and sprint performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1998;30: Kreider RB, et al. Effects of oral d-ribose supplementation on anaerobic capacity and selected metabolic markers in healthy males. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2003;13: Kreider RB, et al. Long-term creatine supplementation does not significantly affect clinical markers of health in athletes. Mol Cell Biochem 2003;244:95.
11 110. Kriketos AD, et al. (-)-Hydroxycitric acid does not affect energy expenditure and substrate oxidation in adult males in a post-absorptive state. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1999;23: Laaksonen R, et al. Ubiquinone supplementation and exercise capacity in trained young and older men. Eur J Appl Physiol 1995;72: Levenhagen DK, et al. Post-exercise nutrient intake is critical to recovery of leg glucose, and protein homeostasis in humans. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2001;280:E Levenhagen DK, et al. Postexercise protein intake enhances whole-body and leg protein accretion in humans. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2002;34: Lieberman HR, et al. Carbohydrate administration during a day of sustained aerobic activity improves vigilance, as assessed by normal ambulatory monitoring device, and mood. Am J Clin Nutr 2002;76: Lukaski HC, et al. Chromium supplementation and resistance training effects on whole body and regional composition, strength, and trace element status of men. Am J Clin Nutr 1996;63: Lynch NJ, et al. Effects of moderate dietary manipulation on intermittent exercise performance and metabolism in women. Eur J Appl Physiol 2000;81: Lyons TP, et al. Effects of glycerol-induced hyperhydration prior to exercise in the heat on sweating and core temperature. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1990;22: Magal M, et al. Comparison of glycerol and water hydration regimens on tennis-related performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2003;35:150.
12 119. Maher TJ, Committee on Military Nutrition Research. Safety concerns regarding supplemental amino acids: results of a study. In: Marrtiott BM, ed. Food Components to Enhance Performance. Washington, DC: National Academies Press, Malm C, et al. Supplementation with ubiquinone-10 causes cellular damage during intense exercise. Acta Physiol Scand 1996;157: Maughan RJ. Creatine supplementation and exercise performance. Int J Sport Nutr 1995;5: Mihic S, et al. Acute creatine loading increases fat-free mass, but does not affect blood pressure, plasma creatine, or DK activity in men and women. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2000;32: Mujika I, et al. Creatine supplementation does not improve sprint performance in competitive swimmers. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1996;28: Murray R, et al. Physiological responses to glycerol ingestion during exercise. J Appl Physiol 1991;71: Nakai M, et al. Mechanism of insulin-like action of vanadyl sulfate: studies on interaction between rat adipocytes and vanadium compounds. Biol Pharm Bull 1995;18: Odland LM, et al. Effect of oral creatine supplementation on muscle [PCr] and short-term maximum power output. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1997;29: Op t Eijnde B, et al. No effects of oral ribose supplementation on repeated maximal exercise and de novo ATP resynthesis. J Appl Physiol 2001;91: Op t Eijnde B, Hespel P. Short-term creatine supplementation does not alter the hormonal response to resistance training. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2001;33: Ostojic SM, Ahmetovic Z. The effect of 4 weeks treatment with a 2-gram daily dose of
13 pyruvate on body composition in healthy trained men. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 2009;79: Oyono-Enguelle S, et al. Prolonged submaximal exercise and L-carnitine in humans. Eur J Appl Physiol 1988;58: Palmer GS, et al. Carbohydrate ingestion immediately before exercise does not improve 20 km time trial performance in well trained cyclists. Int J Sports Med 1998;19: Parise G, et al. Effects of acute creatine monohydrate supplementation on leucine kinetics and mixed-muscle protein synthesis. J Appl Physiol 2001;91: Pearlman JP, Fielding RQ. Creatine monohydrate as a therapeutic aid in muscular dystrophy. Nutr Rev 2006;64(2 Pt 1): Pitsiladis YP, Maughan RJ. The effects of alterations in dietary carbohydrate intake on the performance of high-intensity exercise in trained individuals. Eur J Appl Physiol 1999;79: Pline KA, Smith CL. The effect of creatine intake on renal function. Am Pharmacother 2005;39: Poortmans JR, Francaux M. Long-term oral creatine supplementation does not impair renal function in healthy athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1999;31: Porter DA, et al. The effect of oral coenzyme Q 10 on the exercise tolerance of middleaged, untrained men. Int J Sports Med 1995;16: Prevost MC, et al. Creatine supplementation enhances intermittent work performance. Res Q Exerc Sport 1997;68: Pritchard NR, Kaira PA. Renal dysfunction accompanying oral creatine supplements. Lancet 1998;351:1252.
14 140. Raben AB, et al. Serum sex hormones and endurance performance after a lacto-ovovegetarian and mixed diet. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1992;24: Rasmussen BB, et al. An oral essential amino acid-carbohydrate supplement enhances muscle protein anabolism after resistance exercise. J Appl Physiol 2000;88: Rasmussen BB, Phillips SM. Contractile and nutritional regulation of human muscle growth. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 2003;31; Rawson ES, Clarkson PM. Acute creatine supplementation in older men. Int J Sports Med 2000;21: Redondo D, et al. The effect of oral creatine monohydrate supplementation on running velocity. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1994;26:S Reed MJ, et al. Dietary lipids: an additional regulator of plasma levels of sex hormone binding globulin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1987;64: Rennie MJ, Tipton KD. Protein and amino acid metabolism during and after resistance exercise and the effects of nutrition. Annu Rev Nutr 2000;20: Riedesel ML, et al. Hyperhydration with glycerol solutions. J Appl Physiol 1987;63: Roberts J. The effect of coenzyme Q 10 on exercise performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1990;22:S Robertson RJ, et al. Blood glucose extraction as a mediator of perceived exertion during prolonged exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 1990;61: Robinson TM, et al. Role of submaximal exercise in promoting creatine and glycogen accumulation in human skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol 1999;87:598.
15 151. Romer LM, et al. Effects of oral creatine supplementation on high intensity, intermittent exercise performance in competitive squash players. Int J Sports Med 2001;24: Roy BD, et al. Effect of glucose supplement timing on protein metabolism after resistance training. J Appl Physiol 1997;82: Roy BD, et al. Macronutrient intakes and whole body protein metabolism following resistance exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2000;32: Shao A, Hathcock JN. Risk assessment for creatine monohydrate. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2006;45: Shomrat A, et al. Effects of creatine feeding on maximal exercise performance in vegetarians. Eur J Appl Physiol 2000;82: Snow RJ, Murphy RM. Factors influencing creatine loading into human skeletal muscle. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 2003;31: Stanko RT, et al. Body composition, energy utilization and nitrogen metabolism with a severely restricted diet supplemented with dihydroxyacetone and pyruvate. Am J Clin Nutr 1992;55: Stanko RT, et al. Body composition, energy utilization, and nitrogen metabolism with a 4.25-MJ/d low-energy diet supplemented with pyruvate. Am J Clin Nutr 1992;56: Stanko RT, et al. Enhanced leg-exercise endurance with a high-carbohydrate diet and dihydroxyacetone and pyruvate. J Appl Physiol 1990;69: Stanko RT, et al. Enhancement of arm-exercise endurance capacity with dihydroxyacetone and pyruvate. J Appl Physiol 1990;68: Stanko RT, et al. Inhibition of lipid accumulation and enhancement of energy expenditure by the addition of pyruvate and dihydroxyacetone to a rat diet. Metabolism 1986;35:182.
16 162. Starling RD, et al. Effect of inosine supplementation on aerobic and anaerobic cycling performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1996;28: Starling RD, et al. Relationships between muscle carnitine, age and oxidative status. Eur J Appl Physiol 1995;71: Stensrud T, et al. L-Tryptophan supplementation does not improve running performance. Int J Sports Med 1992;13: Steussi C, et al. L-carnitine and the recovery from exhaustive exercise: a randomized double-bline, placebo-controlled trial. Eur J Appl Physiol 2005;95: Stevenson SW, Dudley GA. Dietary creatine supplementation and muscular adaptation to resistive overload. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2001;33: Suminski R, et al. The effect of amino acid ingestion and resistance exercise on growth hormone responses in young males. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1993;25:S77. Abstract Tarnopolsky MA, et al. Carbohydrate loading and metabolism during exercise in men and women. J Appl Physiol 1995;78: Tarnopolsky MA, et al. Gender differences in carbohydrate loading are related to energy intake. J Appl Physiol 2001;91: Tegelman R, et al. Effects of a diet regimen on pituitary and steroid hormones in male ice hockey players. Int J Sports Med 1992;13: Tipton KD, et al. Acute response of net muscle protein balance reflects 24-h balance after exercise and amino acid ingestion. Am J Physiol 2003;284:E Trappe SW, et al. The effects of L-carnitine supplementation on performance during swimming. Int J Sports Med 1994;15:181.
17 173. Trent LK, Thieding-Cancel D. Effects of chromium picolinate on body composition in a remedial conditioning program. Naval Health Research Center report no San Diego, CA: Naval Health Research Center, van Loon LJC, et al. Effects of acute (-)-hydroxycitrate supplementation on substrate metabolism at rest and during exercise in humans. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;72: Van Schuylenbergh R, et al. Effects of oral creatine-pyruvate supplementation on cycling performance. Int J Sports Med 2003;24: Vandenberghe K, et al. Caffeine counteracts the ergogenic action of creatine loading. J Appl Physiol 1996;80: Vandenberghe K, et al. Long-term creatine intake is beneficial to muscle performance during resistance training. J Appl Physiol 1997;83: Vasankari TJ, et al. Increased serum and low-density-lipoprotein antioxidant potential after antioxidant supplementation in endurance athletes. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;65: Vierck JL, et al. The effects of ergogenic compounds on myogenic satellite cells. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2003;35: Volek JS, et al. Performance and muscle fiber adaptations to creatine supplementation and heavy resistance training. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1999;31: Volek JS, et al. Physiological responses to short-term exercise in the heat after creatine loading. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2001;33: Volek JS, et al. Response of testosterone and cortisol concentrations to high-intensity resistance exercise following creatine monohydrate supplementation. J Strength Cond Res 1996;10:292.
18 183. Volek JS, et al. Testosterone and cortisol in relationship to dietary nutrients and resistance exercise. J Appl Physiol 1997;82: Volek JS. Influence of nutrition on responses to resistance training. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2004;36: Vukovich MD, et al. Carnitine supplementation: effect on muscle carnitine and glycogen content during exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1994;26: Walker LJ, et al. Dietary carbohydrate, muscle glycogen content, and endurance performance in well-trained women. J Appl Physiol 2000;88: Walker LS, et al. Chromium picolinate effects on body composition and muscular performance in wrestlers. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1998;30: Wapnir PA, et al. Enhancement of intestinal water absorption and sodium transport by glycerol in rats. J Appl Physiol 1996;81: Warber JP, et al. The effect of choline supplementation on physical performance. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2000;10: Williams MM, et al. Effect of inosine supplementation on 3-mile treadmill run performance and VO 2 peak. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1990;22: Willoughby DS, Rosene J. Effects of oral creatine and resistance training on myosin heavy chain expression. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2001;33: Willoughby DS, Rosene J. Effects of oral creatine and resistance training on myogenic regulatory factors expression. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2003;35: Wiroth JB, et al. Effects of oral creatine supplementation on maximal pedaling performance in older adults. Eur J Appl Physiol 2001;84: Wolfe RR. Regulation of muscle protein by amino acids. J Nutr 2002;132:3219S.
19 195. Wyss M, Kaddurah-Daouk R. Creatine and creatinine metabolism. Physiol Rev 2000;60: Yan Z, et al. Effect of low glycogen on glycogen synthase in human muscle during and after exercise. Acta Physiol Scand 1992;145: Yuen VG, et al. Comparison of the glucose-lowering properties of vanadyl sulfate and bis (maltolato) oxovanadium (IV) following acute and chronic administration. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 1995;73: Zuliani U, et al. The influence of ubiquinone (CoQ10) on the metabolic response to work. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 1989;29:57.
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