How Did We Get To The? CT Scan Granularity & Development of TAVER. Multi & Single Center Reports Getting Us Closer to Answer
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1 How Did We Get To The? CT Scan Granularity & Development of TAVER Multi & Single Center Reports Getting Us Closer to Answer
2 # Patients Dying That anyone survives complete transection of this artery is almost unbelievable Parmley,LF Circ,June DOA 24 ALIVE Isthmus Rupture <1H 1<6 H 6-<24H 1-2D 3-4D 5-7D 8-14D 15D-3M 4-12M 2-3Y
3 Patients 3 Eras
4 AAST II Level 1 Trauma Ctrs. ISS: 35.6 v 42.4 TAVER V. OPEN 453 BTAI Pts. Mediastinial Treatment Hematoma: Non-Random 26 v 51% NOM(91),TAVER(198), OPEN(61) prbc : 0 v 3 units Hosp Mortality: 8.6 v. 19.7%(all cause) 2.5 v. 13.1%(aortic) DuBose,JTraumaAcute Care Surg 2015;78:
5 CT Replaces Angiography AATS 1 (1998) vs. AATS 2 (2008) 8.3% vs. 84.4%
6 Lesions Grades Azizzadeh,J Vas Surg.2009;49: (24.6%) 68(17.8%) 192(50.3%) 28(7.4%) DuBose,JTraumaAcute Care Surg 2015;78:
7 Treatment BTAI ASST II % TAVER vs 23.5% Open vs 32.2% Non Op DuBose,JTraumaAcute Care Surg 2015;78:
8 Early Technology Challenging
9 Improving Technology Conformational Endograft ASSTS I 2008 vs ASSTS II 2015 Endo Complication 18.4% (13.6 e-leak) vs 5.5% DuBose,JTraumaAcute Care Surg 2015;78:
10 Predictors Aortic Mortality BTAI Pts Variable Odds Ratio p ISS Lesion Grade TEVAR Chest AIS Score DuBose,JTraumaAcute Care Surg 2015;78:
11 TEVAR vs. OPEN REPAIR Time to Treatment, Open vs. TEVAR Mean Time to Rx Open 34hr TAVER 74 hr! Open Cases TAVR Cases Column1 Admission 6 Hours 24 Hours 48 Hours DuBose,JTraumaAcute Care Surg 2015;78:
12 LEE,WA J Vasc Surg 2011;53:187-92
13 Non-operative Management of Blunt Traumatic Aortic Injury (BTAI) Joseph Rabin MD, Joe DuBose MD, Clint W. Sliker MD, James V. O Connor MD, Thomas M. Scalea MD, and Bartley P. Griffith MD. Disclosures: None
14 Excluded: in extremis low grade lesions repair < 48 hrs non-aortic death < 48h 284 BTAI UMD patients Stable + high grade lesion 18 Rupture: Contrast extravasation Surgery or autopsy 31 Stable: No repair within 48 hrs HarrisDG,TaylorB, J Vasc Surg 2015;61:332-8
15 Model Construction Factors dichotomized for univariate analysis Strongest factor from each data group included for multivariate analysis Factors weighted according to β coefficient A priori goal of 100% sensitivity HarrisDG, J Vasc Surg 2015;61:332-8
16 Factor mm Lactate > 4 mm Diameter ratio > 1.4 DTA hematoma > 10 mm Lactate β coefficient Multivariate P Odds Ratio Weig ht ( ) ( ) 0.53 < ( ) Model Components 2 2 3
17 Points 7 Sensitivity: 100% Specificity: 84% Accuracy: 90% AUROC Rupture, n=18 Stable, n=31 Mean: 6 ± 1 2 ± 2 P <
18 Operational Use High risk for aortic rupture when any 2 are present: Lactate > 4 mm Mediastinal hematoma > 10 mm Lesion: normal aortic ratio > 1.4 mm HarrisDG, J Vasc Surg 2015;61:332-8
19 What Happens to the 20 yo trauma patient with a 20mm device who is going to live 50 years? What is the durability of the device? Now 15 year data. Discussion AATS, JTCVS 2010;140: Anthony Caffarelli AATS
20 Standford Led TAVER but... CT indicative of Stable Aorta but, 70% Small Pseudo Aneurysms <3cm Caffarelli: The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Volume 140, 2010,
21 Bart s Recommendations Grade I & II Watch with Med Rx Grade III <4 cms can watch if needed but prefer treating Model Seems Reasonable Guide 2 of 3 Lactate>4, Hematoma>10, Lesion/Aorta>1.4
22
23 Delayed Repair May Reduce TBI EARLY REPAIR DELAYED REPAIR # Patients P Value Days to Repair GCS & BAIS 7 & 4 9 & 4 ns Progressive TBI 34% 0 % Mortality 7 (24 %) 4 (17%) ns Rabin, AnnThoracSurg 2014;98:46-52
24 Model Performance Sensitivity AUROC: 0.98 ( ) Specificity
25 Outcome Outcomes Rupture, n = 18 Stable, n = 31 Inpatient mortality 89% 23% Aortic mortality 83% 0% CT to decompensation, med (IQR) 64hr (44 124) n/a
26 Can a Aortic Injury Score Guide Early vs Delayed Treatment of BTAI Donald G. Harris, Joseph Rabin, Robert S. Crawford
27 J Vasc Surg 2011;53:187-92
28 J Vasc Surg 2011;53:187-92
29 Admission Lactate Rupture Stable mm
30 Admission Characteristic Derivation Rupture, Groups n = 18 Stable, n = 31 Age, yrs 48 ± ± Male, n (%) 14 (78) 21 (68) 0.53 Mean Art. Pressure, mmhg 84 ± ± Heart Rate, bpm 108 ± ± Glasgow coma scale 9 ± 5 11 ± Non-chest injury severity score 26 ± ± Revised trauma score 5.67 ± ± Hemoglobin, g/dl 12 ± 2 12 ± Lactate, mm 7 ± 3 4 ± P
31 Diameter Ratio
32 Periaortic Hematoma
33 High Grade Aortic Injury
34
35 High Grade Aortic Injury
36 Traumatic Aortic Injury Second most common cause of death due to blunt trauma Annual incidence in U.S. - 7,500-8,000 1,000-1,500 arrive to hospital alive Fabian TC, Richardson JD, Croce MA, Smith JS, Jr., Rodman G, Jr., Kearney PA, Flynn W, et al. Prospective study of blunt aortic injury: Multicenter Trial of the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma. J Trauma. 42: ; discussion 380-3, 1997.
37 Methods Retrospective study (7/2005-7/2007) 26 consecutive patients with TAI treated with aortic endograft Comparison Group 26 consecutive patients treated with open surgery (7/03-12/05) Left heart bypass (heparinized circuit)
38
39 Aortic Injury Morphology and Location Non-operative Survivors INJURY LOCATION INJURY TYPE Arch Isthmus Descending Intraluminal thrombus/intimal injury 2 4 Mural hematoma 1 1 Pseudoaneurysm <½ aortic circumference Pseudoaneurysm >½ aortic circumference Caffarelli et al. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg :
40
41
42
43 Evolution in BTAI AATS 1 (1998) vs. AATS 2 (2008) Diagnosis by CT: 8.3 vs. 84.4% Endographic Repair now: 65% Reduced Mortality : 22 vs. 13% Procedural Paraplegia: 8.7 vs. 1.6 % Time to Rx: 16 vs. 54 Hrs.
44
45 Lactate: 2.6 mm Ratio: 1.7 Hematoma: 0 mm
46 Lactate: 4.4 mm Ratio: 1.6 Hematoma: 16 mm
47 Lactate: 4.4 mm Ratio: 1.6 Hematoma: 16 mm
48 Clinical Assessment Test 9 blinded vascular surgeon reviewers Vitals, labs & representative CT slices Performance compared to model
49 Model vs Clinical Assessment Clinical Test Risk Model P Sensitivity 0.7 ± < 0.05 Specificity 0.6 ± < 0.05 Accuracy 0.6 ± < 0.01
50 Discussion High grade BTAI Aortic risk score Negative Positive Delayed repair Immediate repair
51 Summary Risk score reliably identifies high-risk BTAI Improves patient selection Opportunity to optimize management of patients with high-grade aortic lesions
52 # Patients Dying ISTHUMUS RUPTURE <1H 1<6 H 6-<24H 1-2D 3-4D 5-7D 8-14D 15D-3M 4-12M 2-3Y
53
54
55 % TREATED Mean: 34Hr Mean:75Hr. OPEN vs TEVAR Admission 6 Hours 24 Hours 48 Hours HOURS to TREATMENT TEVAR Open Non-Op: 122pts(30%) Grade I & II 91 pts. vs TEVAR 61pts. Open: 61pts(16%) higher ISS, HemotomaComprssion, RBC tx TEVAR: 198 pts(54%)
56
57 Can an Aortic Injury Score Guide Early vs Delayed Treatment of BTAI
58
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