Indigenous Knowledge about Uses of Medicinal Plants

Transcription

1 UGC Approved Journal Research Link Since March 2002 H ome Science An International, Registered & Referred Monthly Journal : Research Link - 161, Vol - XVI (6), August , Page No ISSN RNI - MPHIN Impact Factor Indigenous Knowledge about Uses of Medicinal Plants The objective of the present investigation is to collect the information from rural men and women about Indigenous uses of medicinal plan. The present investigation was carried out at the two villages (Thur and Loriya) of Mewar. Twenty five respondents from each village belonging to the age range of above 45 were selected for the present investigation. Semi structured interview schedule was used for data collection. Key Words : Indigenous Knowledge, Medicinal plants. DR. KUSUM MITTAL* & DR. RUPALI RAJVANSHI** Introduction : Indigenous knowledge is the local knowledge that is unique to a culture or society. This knowledge is passed from generation to generation, usually by word of mouth and cultural rituals, and has been the basis for agriculture, food preparation, health care, education, conservation and the wide range of other activities that sustain societies in many parts of the world. The twentieth century witnessed a revolution in human health care. The dramatic decline in mortality, the increase in life expectancy and the eradication of smallpox are highlights of this success. Scientific innovation, leading to the development of new medicines, has played a major role in this achievement. However, despite these successes, it is estimated that over one-third of the world's population lacks regular access to affordable essential drugs. In other words, modern medicine is unlikely to be a realistic treatment option for a substantial proportion of the world's population. In India, for example, according to the Government, 70 per cent of the population uses traditional Indian medicine. Traditional medicinal plants are widely available rural areas. Due to its local availability and low cost, it is affordable by the vast majority of people living in developing countries are using parts of these plant sources to cure various diseases. Objective : The objective of the present investigation is to collect the information from rural men and women about Indigenous uses of medicinal plan. Materials and Methods : The present investigation was carried out at the two villages (Thur and Loriya) of Mewar. Twenty five respondents from each village belonging to the age range of above 45 were selected for the present investigation. Semi structured interview schedule was used for data collection. Results and Discussion : In this section information collected by rural respondents about indigenous uses of various medicinal plants is described : (a) Ratanjot : Ratanjot seed oil is used to manufacture soaps. Bark of Ratanjot is utilized to make dark blue dye for clothing, fishing nets and lines, leaves are used for fumigating bed bugs. Bark is also used as an external application for skin diseases and for sores on domestic livestock. In addition, the tender twigs of the plant are used for cleaning teeth. The root extract of Ratanjot plant is used as yellow dye while the bark extract as blue dye. Ratanjot plant leaf juice is used as an external application for piles. The roots are used an antidote for snakebites. (b) Guava : The decoction is used to treat vomiting, nausea, stomach ailments, menstrual problems, vertigo. Chewing the tender leaves cures bleeding gums. It is believed that if tender leaves are chewed before consuming alcohol one does not develop a hangover. The decoction of the leaves is used as a gargle for relieving painful throat and mouth swelling The decoction also relieves fever, boils and diabetes. A infusion of the flowers is used to treat injuries, ulcers and skin problems. Fruits are eaten on their own, they are cooked and eaten. A decoction of the bark treats diarrhea and dysentery. The timber from the tree has *Lecturer, Meera Girls College, Deptt. of Home Science, MLSU Udaipur (Rajasthan) **Post Doctral Fellow, UGC, Gupta Dental Care, 358- Block A, Chitrakoot Nagar, Bhuvana, Udaipur (Rajasthan) UGC Approved - Research Link - An International Journal Vol-XVI (6) August

2 a fine grain and is strong. It is used for making carvings, etchings, hair combs, handles. It is also used as fuel (c) Amaltash : Decoction of flower buds taken in morning prevents from diabetes. The pod (Fruit) pulp is good during pregnancy; Paste of pods grind with tamarind is given to cattle to get relief from enlargement of stomach The bark of Amaltas is good sources of tannin. The wood of the tree is of much solid and used as building material for to construct houses, Bridges and Agriculturist equipments. (d) Arandi / Castor : Castor leaves are used as an external application to boils and swellings. The leaves, when heated in coconut oil, can be applied on guinea-worm sores, to extract the worms. The castor seeds are used in making jewelry, particularly necklaces and bracelets. Chewing one castor seed daily, for a period of seven days after menstruation, makes a woman sterile. Castor oil is massaged over the breasts of women, after childbirth, to increase the milk flow. Regular use of castor oil promotes hair growth and cures dandruff. Massage castor oil into your body before bathing, once in a week, to keep the skin healthy and have a sound sleep. Apply castor oil on hands and feet, before going to bed, to keep them soft. Applying the castor oil over the eyebrows and eyelashes keeps them well groomed. (e) Jamun : The leaves are used in a variety of tooth powder brands. They are also used as fodder for cattle, sheep and goats. The leaves contain essential oils. The essential oils are used in soap making and perfumes.for diarrhea, Take 2 leaves (it should neither be tender nor too thick). Grind them, add a little rock salt and make a pill. Take a pill each in the morning and evening. for dental & gum infections, Mix ash of jamun leaves and ash of almond shells. Add a little peppermint to make an excellent tooth powder which not only cleans teeth but stops bleeding. (f) Tulsi : The economically important part of tulsi is mainly its leaves and the tender part of the shoots which yield essential oils. These oils are considered to possess antibacterial and insecticidal properties. It is used in bronchitis, applied to skin to cure ring worm infection, and also used in the ear to relieve earache. An infusion of the leaves in used to relieve stomachic in gastric disorder of children. Flowers are used to promote hunger or appetite. Seeds of tulsi are useful in complaints of the urinary systems. (g) Peepal : Its leaves serve as a wonderful laxative as well as tonic for the body. It is especially useful for patients suffering from Jaundice. It helps to control the excessive amount of urine released during jaundice. The leaves of Peepal are highly effective in treating heart disorders. The Peepal leaves are collected, cleaned, dried and then painted with the gold acrylic, in order to preserve them for the future. The leaves are also used as camel and elephant fodder because of its nutritional and medicinal values. The Peepal fruit is also useful in treatment of asthma (h) Karanj Flowers are claimed to have anti- diabetic action. Seed oil is rubbed as liniment on skin diseases and rheumatic parts. Seed powder is given as an tonic. Seed oil is used for making soap. (i) Amla : Amla powder and oil are used traditionally for the treatment of scalp. Amla powder improves immunity and gives physical strength. It improves complexion and removes wrinkles. Amla is also used to treat constipation and is used as a cooling agent to reduce the effects of sun strokes and sun burns. It is the main ingredient used in the shampoo. It is even used in the dyeing industry.it extract is popularly used in the ink. Amla wood is commonly used in firework. (j) Heena : It is useful in wounds, ulcers, burning sensations, boils, fever. Leaves are useful in wounds ulcers cough, bronchitis, dysentery etc. It lowers body temperature to soothe headaches, fevers and burning feet. Heena is also used for dying of cloths. (k) Aloe Vera : Aloe Vera juice is tonic and is used in wounds, ulcer and burns. It also helps in healing blisters & also provides relief from itching. It is also used for insect bites, scrapes, and scratches. Aloe Vera leaves gel stops the bleeding of minor cuts easily. (l) Tamarind Fruit used for constipation, and stomach disorders. It is also used to treat colds and fever. Women sometimes use tamarind to treat pregnancy-related nausea. It is given to children to treat intestinal worms. Sometimes a thick paste of tamarind seeds is used as a cast for broken bones. Seed powder used for printing and starching of the fabric. (m) Harad : Fruit has digestive, anti-inflammatory and is additionally beneficial in constipation, piles, cough and colds. Improving appetite and helps in digestion. It is also useful in healing of wounds and scalds. It is used as gargle against inflammation of mouth. The herb improves memory. Its powder, when mixed with honey and ghee, is an effective remedy for anemia. It serves as a good astringent for loose gums, bleeding and ulceration in gums. It is also used as a natural dye for clothing. (n) Semal : Leaves are good for skin corruption. Flower are astringent and are good for skin troubles. Young fruits are useful for healthy body. The bark is used for healing wounds. A paste of is good for skin corruption. (o) Shoeflower : Flower are used for hair care, as shoe polish by rubbing it on the shoe flower and in dyeing. The oil of this flower is applied to the skin. (p) Neem : Leaves are used in cupboard to prevent insects, in bath water for skin diseases, and also for blood cleanup. Neem is used in dyeing. Fruit is used for extraction of neem oil, and making seed cake. Neem bark & roots in power form is used to control fleas &ticks on pets. Twigs of neem are also used for cleaning teeth. (q) Chemali : Flower Decoction of flower buds taken in morning prevents from diabetes. Oil is used for massage purpose. (r) Mahuaa : flower is edible and is a food item for UGC Approved - Research Link - An International Journal Vol-XVI (6) August

3 tribal's. Used to make syrup for medicinal purposes. flower is used in dyeing. A decoction of the bark treats diarrhea and dysentery. Seed paste is applied to cure muscle fatigue and relieve pain in the muscle and joints to improve the texture and vigor of skin. It is used for edible purposes culinary, hair oil, illumination, lighting, keeps body glossy and warm. (s) Sadabhar : Flowers are claimed to have antidiabetic action. Leaves of sadabhar is used in dyeing. (t) Kenner : The leaves are used as tooth powder. kenner is used in dyeing. Fruit is digestive and activates the liver and spleen. It is a good remedy for urinary diseases & diabetes. Thus it can be concluded that rural women possesses good knowledge about the uses of medicinal plants. Need arises to document and preserve the indigenous knowledge and scientifically verify it. References : (1) Xiaorui Zhang (2004) : Traditional Medicine : Its Importance and Protection. (2) Twarog, Sophia and Kapoor, Promila (2004) : United Nations Conference on Trade and Development Protecting and promoting Traditional Knowledge :system,national Experiences, National and International dimensions. MeesOe-he$e Yespeves mebyeboeer efveùece (1) MeesOe-he$e MeyoeW mes DeefOekeâ vener nesvee ÛeeefnS~ (2) efnvoer SJeb ceje"er ceeoùece kesâ MeesOehe$eeW keâes ke=âefleosje 10 (Kruti Dev 010) cew šef&he keâjjeekeâj hespeceskeâj 6.5 cew YespeW~ (3) hebpeeyeer ceeoùece kesâ MeesOehe$eeW keâes Deveceesue efueefhe (AnmolLipi) Ùee Dece=le yeesueer (Amritboli) Ùee pee@ùe (Joy) cew šef&he keâjjeekeâj hespeceskeâj 6.5 cew YespeW~ (4) Deb«espeer ceeoùece kesâ MeesOehe$e šef&cme vùet jesceve (Times New Roman), SefjÙeue heâewš (Arial) cew šef&he keâjjeekeâj hespeceskeâj 6.5 Ùee ceef eâesmeeheäš Je[& cew Yespes pee mekeâles nq~ (4) MeesOehe$e keâer efjeefoe - (1) Meer<e&keâ (2) Syemš^skeäš (3) keâer-je[&dme (5) ØemleeJevee/ØeJesMe (5) GösMÙe (6) MeesOe heefjkeâuhevee (7) MeesOe ØeefJeefOe SJeb #es$e (8) meebefkùekeâerùe lekeâveerkeâ (9) efjejesûeve Ùee efjemues<ece (10) megpeeje (11) efve<keâ<e& SJeb (12) meboye& «eble metûeer~ (6) meboye& «eble metûeer Fme Øekeâej ow - For Books : (1) Name of Writer, "Name of Book", Publication, Place of Publication, Year of Publication, Page Number/numbers. For Journals : (2) Name of Writer, "Title of Article", Name of Journal, Volume..., Issue..., Page Numbers. Web references : (7) iegpejeleer ceeoùece kesâ MeesOehe$e njske=â<cee (Harekrishna), šsjeheâewš Je Ce (Terafont Varun), šsjeheâewš DeekeâeMe (Terafont Aaksah) cew šef&he keâjjeekeâj hespeceskeâj 6.5 cew Yespes pee mekeâles nq~ (8) MeesOehe$e keâer meeheäškeâe@heer efjmeûe& efuebkeâ kesâ F&-cesue DeeF&[er researchlink@yahoo.co.in hej Yespeves kesâ yeeo ne@[&keâe@heer, MeesOehe$e kesâ ceewefuekeâ nesves kesâ Iees<eCee he$e kesâ meele nmlee#ej keâj efjmeûe& efuebkeâ kesâ keâeùee&ueùe keâes Øesef<ele keâjw~ efjmeûe& efuebkeâ keâer meomùelee keâe Megukeâ Yegieleeve je ^erùeke=âle yeqkeâew Éeje meeroes š^ebmeheâj Ùee pecee efkeâùee pee mekeâlee nw~ yeqkeâ keâe efjejejce efvecveevegmeej nwyeqkeâ : mšsš yeqkeâ Dee@heâ FefC[Ùee yeçebûe : Deesu[ heueeefmeùee, Fvoewj, keâes[ - SBIN Keeles keâe veece : efjmeûe& efuebkeâ, Keelee vebyej Yegieleeve keâer cetue jmeero, MeesOe-he$e SJeb meer[er kesâ meele keâeùee&ueùeerve heles hej Yespevee DeefveJeeÙe& nw~ UGC Approved - Research Link - An International Journal Vol-XVI (6) August

4 UGC Approved Journal Research Link Since March 2002 H ome Science An International, Registered & Referred Monthly Journal : Research Link - 161, Vol - XVI (6), August , Page No ISSN RNI - MPHIN Impact Factor MewMeJe Je yeeuùeejemlee cew heeùes peeves Jeeues meeceevùe jesie Øemlegle MeesOehe$e cew MewMeJe Je yeeuùeejemlee cew heeùes peeves Jeeues meeceevùe jesieew hej ÛeÛee& keâer ief& nw~ pevce kesâ meceùe efmemeg Skeâ DemeneÙe ØeeCeer kesâ he cew neslee nw~ Fme meceùe ieyee&meùe kesâ Deebleefjkeâ JeeleeJejCe mes efvekeâuekeâj Jen yee e JeeleeJejCe kesâ mecheke&â cew Deelee nw, peneb JeeleeJejCe keâer efjeefyeve JemlegSB ØelÙe#e Je DeØelÙe#e he mes Gmekesâ mjeemlùe keâes ØeYeeefJele keâjleer nw~ Ùeefo efmemeg keâer mecegefûele oskeyeeue keâer peeleer nw, lees Jen JeeleeJejCeerÙe leljeew kesâ kegâøeyeeje mes yeûee jnlee nw Deewj Ùeefo Gmekeâer oskeyeeue cew LeesÌ[er Yeer ueehejjeener yejleer peeleer nw, lees Jen jesieew keâe efmekeâej nes peelee nw, efpememes Gmekeâe efjekeâeme ØeYeeefJele neslee nw~ MeesOehe$e cew heeûeve mecyeboeer, Õeebme mecyeboeer, ljeûee, kegâhees<ece peefvele, ves$e, keâeve Deeefo jesieew kesâ meele ner keâype, hesš cew keâerì[s, YetKe ve ueievee, otoe heuešvee Deeefo jesieew kesâ mecyeboe cew ÛeÛee& keâer ief& nw~ efyeveerlee efye thfor izk.kh vius thou izlkj esa dhkh Hkh flfkj vksj xfrghu ugha ik;k x;k gs] xhkzdkyhu volfkk ls ysdj thou i;zur rd og fujarj u;s&u;s xq.kksa rfkk volfkkvksa dh izkfir djrk jgrk gs] ftlls og /khjs&/khjs izr;sd vkxs vkus okyh volfkk esa vksj vf/kd fodflr o ifjido fn[kk;h nsrk gsa fodkl dh bl izfø;k esa igys xhkkzolfkk] 'ks'koklfkk rfkk fqj cky;kolfkk vkrh gsa jksx vfkkzr~ vlolfk gksuka ;g fpfdrlk fokku dk ewyhkwr ladyiuk gsa izk;% 'kjhj ds iw.kz:is.k dk;z djus esa fdlh izdkj dh deh gksuk jksx dgykrk gsa fdurq jksx dh ifjhkk"kk djuk mruk gh dfbu gs ftruk dfbu ^LokLF;* dks ifjhkkf"kr djuka ^^'kjhj ds fdlh vax@mikax dh lajpuk dk cny tkuk ;k mlds dk;z djus dh {kerk esa deh vkuk ^jksx* dgykrk gsa lu~ 1974 rd fo'o LokLF; laxbu }kjk nh x;h ^LokLF; dh ifjhkk"kk& 'kkjhfjd] ekufld,oa lkekftd rksj ij iw.kzr% Bhd gksuk gh LokLF; gs] dsoy jksxksa dh vuqiflfkfr dks LokLF; ugha dgrs gsaa chekjh dhkh&dhkh :X.k LokLF; ;k C;kf/k ds :i esa Hkh tkuk tkrk gsa chekjh dks dhkh&dhkh jksx ds i;kz; ds :i esa Hkh ns[kk tkrk gsa nwljs odro;ksa esa Hksn gsa dqn yksx chekjh dks O;fDrijd :i ls ifjhkkf"kr jksx ds jksxksa dh LokuqHkwr /kkj.kk ds :i esa of.kzr djrs gsaa ^fo'o LokLF; laxbu laxbu }kjk iznrr ifjhkk"kk ds vuqlkj LoLFk gksus dk vfkz gs] ^^'kkjhfjd] ekufld vksj lkekftd :i ls iw.kz LoLFk gksuk u fd dsoy jksxksa ;k nqczyrk dk de gks tkuka buesa ls fdlh Hkh,d volfkk dk f'kdkj gksus ij O;fDr dks vlolfk ;k chekj ekuk tk ldrk gsa chekjh ;k fpfdrlk volfkk dk mipkj djus ;k mlds y{k.kksas dks de djus ds vks"k/k vksj QkWesZdksyksth ds fokku dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gsa ekufld vksj kkjhfjd fod`fr;ksa ds dkj.k gksus okyh xahkhj vkthou fodykaxrk dks of.kzr djus ds fy, fodklkred fodykaxrk kcn dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gsa ¼1½ jksxksa ds izdkj % izd`fr] xq.k vksj izlkj ds dkj.kksa ds vk/kkj ij jksx nks izdkj ds gksrs gsa % ¼1½ tuetkr jksx,oa ¼2½ vftzr jksxa ¼1½ tuetkr jksx % tuetkr jksx os gksrs gsa] tks uotkr f'k'kq eas tue ds le; ls gh fo eku gksrs gsaa ;s jksx vkuqokaf'kd vfu;ferrkvksa ;k mikip;h fodkjksa ;k fdlh vax ds lgh rjhds ls dke ugha djus dh otg ls gksrs gsaa ¼2½ vftzr jksx % vftzr jksx os gksrs gsa] tks tuetkr ugha gksrs] ysfdu fofhkuu dkj.kksa vksj dkjdksa dh otg ls gks tkrs gsaa tsls lapk;h jksx ;k laøked jksx] xsj&lapkjh ;k xsj laøked jksx vkfn dqn jksx jdrk/kku tsls&,m~l ¼,DokMZ be;wuks fmfqfl,alh flamªkse½ bl jksx esa 'kjhj dh jksx izfrjks/kd {kerk u"v gks tkrh gs vksj ;g be;wuks fmfqfl,alh ok;jl ¼,p0vkbZ0oh0½ dh otg ls gksrk gsa dqn fo}kuksa us LokLF; dh n`f"v ls gekjs kjhj ds jksxksa ds fofhkuu igyqvksa dks fu/kkzfjr fd;k gs % ¼1½ vk/;kfred] ¼2½ ekufld,oa ¼3½ 'kkjhfjda Scholars clasified different as fects of the disease of our body in he point of view of health which has been given below. vfkkzr~ ogh O;fDr iwjh rjg ls LoLFk gksrk gs] tks eu] meneùekeâ ØeeOÙeehekeâ (ie=n efje%eeve efjeyeeie), [e@.megmeeruee eflejeejer Øee.ceneefJeÅeeueÙe, efmeleejiebpe (GòejeKeC[) UGC Approved - Research Link - An International Journal Vol-XVI (6) August

5 vkrek vksj 'kjhj rhuksa ls LoLFk gksrk gsa ;fn dkbz Hkh O;fDr bu rhuksa esa ls fdlh dh mis{kk j[krk gs] rks og dhkh Hkh iw.kz :i ls LoLFk ugha jg ldrk gsa ¼2½ 'ks'ko vksj cky;kolfkk esa gksus okys jksx % tue ds le; f'k'kq,d vlgk; izk.kh ds :i esa gksrk gsa bl le; xhkkz'k; ds vkarfjd okrkoj.k ls fudydj og ckº; okrkoj.k ds leidz easa vkrk gs] tgk okrkoj.k dh fofhkuu olrq, izr;{k o vizr;{k :i ls vlds LokLF; dks izhkkfor djrh gsa ;fn f'k'kq dh leqfpr ns[khkky dh tkrh gs] rks og okrkoj.kh; rroksa ds dqizhkko ls cpk jgrk gs vksj ;fn mldh ns[khkky esa FkksM+h Hkh ykijokgh cjrh tkrh gs] rks og jksxksa dk f'kdkj gks tkrk gsa ftlls mldk fodkl izhkkfor gksrk gsa vr% f'k'kq LokLF; ds izfr ykijokgh ugha djuh pkfg,a ¼1½ ikpu lecu/kh jksx % Mk;fj;k] isfpl] dct] isv esa xsl] nw/k iyvuk] rfkk isv esa dhm+s gksuka ¼2½ 'okal lecu/kh jksx % tqdke] [kk lh] fueksfu;k] czksadkbfvl] nek] dkyh [kk lh] fm Fkhfj;k vkfna ¼3½ Ropk ds jksx % QksM+s&QqUlh],ythZ] nkn] [kkt vkfna ¼4½ dqiks"k.k tfur jksx % izksvhu dh deh ls Dokf'k;jdj izksvhu] dsyjh dh deh ls ejlel] fovkfeu&, dh deh ls us= jksx] fovkfeu&ch dh deh ls csjh&csjh] fovkfeu&lh dh deh ls LdohZ] fovkfeu&mh dh deh ls fjdv~l] vk;ksmhu dh deh ls?ksa?kk] yksg yo.k dh deh ls,uhfe;k vkfna ¼5½ us= jksx % vk [k nq[kuk] vk [ksa yky gksuk] [kqtyh] tyu o vk [k ls ikuh vkuk vkfna ¼6½ dku ds jksx % dku esa nnz rfkk dk cguka f'k'kqvksa o ckydksa esa ikpu lecu/kh jksx cus gh jgrs gsaa fueu y{k.kksa ds vk/kkj ij tkuk tk ldrk gs fd f'k'kq o ckyd ikpu lecu/kh jksx ls ihfm+r gsa tsls& Hkkstu ds izfr v:fp] nw/k myvuk] dct irys nlr vkfna ¼v½ vfrlkj % vfrlkj cppksa dk,d lkeku; jksx gsa fodflr ns'kksa dh rqyuk esa Hkkjr o"kz esa xjhch] vkkurk rfkk okrkoj.k ds dkj.k cppksa dks ;g jksx vf/kd ek=k esa gksrk gsa osls rks gj mez ds ckyd o o;ld blls ihfm+r gks ldrs gsa] ysfdu f'k'kqvksa esa ;g jksx vf/kd ik;k tkrk gsa fo'ks"k :i ls mu cppksa dks tks Åij ds nw/k ds }kjk iksf"kr fd, tkrs gsaa ¼c½ dct % dct ls rkri;z fu;fer :i ls ey R;kx u gksuk de gksuk rfkk dm+k ey gksuk gsa dhkh&dhkh ey bruk dm+k gksrk gs fd cpps dks vr;f/kd tksj yxkuk im+rk gsa ftlls ey R;kx ds le; cppk jksrk fpyykrk gsa LokLF; dh n`f"v ls izfrfnu ey R;kx gksuk ;k vk r dk [kkyh gksuk t:jh gsa ¼l½ isv esa nnz % isv esa ok;q Hkj tkus ls isv esa ihm+k gksrh gsa ihm+k ds c<+us ij cppk tksj&tksj ls jksus yxrk gsa gkfk&isj ivdrk gs vksj nw/k ugha ihrk gsa ¼n½ Hkw[k u yxuk % Hkw[k u yxus ls rkri;z gs fd cppk Hkkstu ds fu/kkzfjr le; ij viuh Hkw[k dh vko';drk dks izdv u djsa lkeku;r% tsl&tsls f'k'kq vk;q esa c<+rk tkrk gs] osls&osls mldh 'kkjhfjd ek x ds vuqlkj Hkw[k c<+rh tkrh gs] fdurq tc ckyd viuk izfrfnu dk vkgkj ysuk can dj ns ;k Hkkstu esa v:fp fn[kk,] rks rqjar bl ckr dks tkuus dk iz;kl djuk pkfg, fd cpps dh Hkw[k de gkus dk D;k dkj.k gsa ¼b½ nw/k iyvuk % lkeku;r% nw/k myvuk dkbz jksx ugha gsa f'k'kqvksa dks nw/k ihus ds ckn tc mb;k tkrk gs ;k mdkj fnykus ds fy, da/ks ls yxk;k tkrk gs] rks og nw/k myv nsrk gsa cpps dks nw/k myvus ds dbz dkj.k gks ldrs gsaa ¼Q½ isv esa dhm+s gksuk % cppksa ds isv esa dhm+s gksuk dksbz vlk/kkj.k ckr ugha gsa vf/kdka'kr% fo'o ds lhkh ns'kksa ds cppksa ds isv esa dhm+s ik, tkrs gsaa dsoy mudh ek=k esa varj gksrk gsa isv esa dhm+s gksus ij cpps dh Hkw[k lekir gks trkh gsa ckyd dqiksf"kr gks tkrk gs] ftlls vk;q ds vuqlkj 'kkjhfjd o`f) vksj fodkl ugha gks ikrk gsa ¼t½ 'okal lecu/kh jksx % buds vurxzr] lnhz] [kk lh] tqdke] fueksfu;k vkfn vkrs gsaa bl izdkj ge ns[krs gas fd LoLFk 'kjhj esa gh bz'oj dk okl gksrk gsa ftlds fy, O;fDr thoui;zur dk;z djrk gsa og vius dks LoLFk j[kus dk iwjk iz;kl djrk gsa lunhkz % ¼1½ flag] MkW-vuhrk % vkgkj,oa iks"k.k fokku] i` 81- ¼2½ c['kh] HkwfiUnj dksj % lkeqnkf;d iks"k.k fokku] i` ¼3½ eq[kthz],0 ds0,oa ekfkqj] ds0 ih0 % ekuo fodkl dk ifjp;] i`0 52&55- UGC Approved - Research Link - An International Journal Vol-XVI (6) August

6 UGC Approved Journal Research Link Since March 2002 H ome Science An International, Registered & Referred Monthly Journal : Research Link - 161, Vol - XVI (6), August , Page No ISSN RNI - MPHIN Impact Factor yeûûeew hej heâemš hetâ[ / pebkeâ hetâ[ Deenej keâe Meejerefjkeâ efjekeâeme hej ØeYeeJe Øemlegle MeesOehe$e cew yeûûeew hej heâemš hetâ[ / pebkeâhetâ[ Deenej keâe Meejerefjkeâ efjekeâeme hej ØeYeeJe keâe DeOÙeÙeve efkeâùee ieùee nw~ Deepe kesâ Jew%eeefvekeâ Ùegie cew DeeOegefvekeâerkeâjCe kesâ yeì{les ngs keâoceew ves Deenej SJeb Yeespeve keâer JÙeJemLee keâes efyeukegâue ner yeoue efoùee nw~ heâemš hetâ[ / pebkeâ hetâ[ nceejs owefvekeâ peerjeve keâer Skeâ Øekeâej keâer DeeJeMÙekeâlee mee yeve ieùee nw~ Fme Ùegie cew yeûûeew keâer Yeespeve mecyeboeer DeeoleeW keâes hetce& he mes yeoue efoùee nw~ hees<ece mlej mecyeboeer Fme keâef"ve mecemùee keâer Deesj mes kegâú peve mecetnew keâe lelee kegâú efjekeâememeerue osmeew keâe OÙeeve ieùee nw lelee GvneWves heefyuekeâ nsule vùetš^erefmeùeve keâe Yeer OÙeeve Fme Deesj Deekeâef<e&le efkeâùee nw~ Fme mecemùee kesâ mecyeboe cew ØeLece Debleje& ^erùe mlej hej 1932 cew nsule Dee@iexveeF&]pesMeve ueerie ves ØeejbYe efkeâùee, efpemecew efjeefyeve Øekeâej kesâ kegâheesef<ele yeûûeew keâes Úebšves keâe ØeÙeeme efkeâùee ieùee~ hetvece heec[s* Je [e@.veerefuecee kebâjej** vkt ds lkeku; thou esa fdlh Hkh lkeku; e/;eoxhz; o fueuoxhz; ifjokj esa iks"k.k dk Kku vksj mldh egrrk lk/kkj.k yksxksa esa u ds cjkcj gsa tcfd mppoxhz; ifjokjksa esa blds egro dks yksx HkyhHkk fr tkuus dk iz;kl djrs gsa vksj mldk vuqlj.k Hkh djus dk iz;kl djrs gsaa vkt Hkkjr o"kz esa Hkh ik'pkr; lalñfr dh >yd ns[kus dks fey jgh gs] vfkkzr~ yksxksa dh :fp ik'pkr; Hkkstu dh vksj tkx:d gksrh utj vk jgh gsa gkykafd fodflr ns'kksa esa iks"k.k,oa Hkkstu ds Kku ds izfr vf/kd /;ku vkdf"kzr fd;k tk jgk gsa vkt ds bl oskkfud ;qx esa fokkiu&nwjn'kzu ds ek/;e Mouth Publicity, T.V. Channels vkfn es a fn[kk,,oa fd, x, fokkiuks a ds ek/;eksa ls Hkkstu dk Lokn,oa :fp vkt ds ckyd,oa ckfydkvksa esa cny jgk gsa ; fi fokkiuksa esa fn[kk;s x;s HkksT; inkfkksaz dh xq.korrk ds fo"k; esa tkudkjh mu fd'kksj&fd'kksfj;ksa dks ugha gksrh gs] ijarq mugsa flqz muds ilan ik=ksa ds }kjk fd;k x;k fokkiu blfy, ilun gs fd og muds ilandh; ik=ksa }kjk fd;k x;k gsa mnkgj.k rksj ij fqye vfhkus=h twgh pkoyk tad QwM & ØSDl dk fokkiu djrh gs] rks cppksa }kjk ;gh ilan fd;k x;k fd mudh ilanhnk vfhkus=h dk Lo;a HkksT; inkfkz gsa xq.korrk,oa iksf"vdrk ls mugsa dksbz rkri;z ugha gsa iks"k.k 'kjhj dh vkñfr,oa vkdkj dks izhkkfor djrk gs] tcfd oa'kkuqøe euq"; ds 'kkjhfjd <k ps dh vf/kdre lhek fu/kkzfjr djrk gsa okrkoj.k 'kjhj ds vk/kkj dks vf/kdre lhek rc c<+kus esa lgk;d ;k ck/kd gksrk gsa ;wjksih; rfkk izkp; tkfr;ksa ds ckydksa dk ikyu iks"k.k tc vejhdk & tgk muds vius ns'k ls Hkkstu ds izdkj rfkk Hkkstu lecu/kh vknrksa esa fhkérk gsa v/;;u ls ;g Kkr gqvk fd iks"k.k esa HkksT; inkfkksaz ds ifjorzu ek= ls gh bu ckydksa dh Å pkbz vius ns'k ds vkslr ckydksa dh Å pkbz ls chl lsuvhehvj vf/kd gks xbza vejhdk esa vkt ds rhu o"kz iwoz egkfo ky;ksa esa izos'k izkir djus okys ekrk&firk dh vis{kk mudh lurkusa vkt mudh vis{kk Å ph gsa bl 'kkjhfjd Å pkbz lecu/kh Js"Brk vkaf'kd :i ls iks"k.k fokku ds uohu Kku dks tkrk gsa iks"k.k ds uohu Kku ls euq"; dh vkslr vk;q esa o`f) gqbz gsa mér iks"k.k ds ifj.kke Lo:i ekufld dq'kyrk esa Hkh vfhko`f) gksrh gsa mrre rfkk flfkj ekufld dk;z djus dh ;ksx;rk cgqr dqn mrrj 'kkjhfjd n'kk ij fuhkzj djrh gsa vk/kqfudhdj.k,oa ik'pkr;hdj.k % vkt ds bl oskkfud ;qx esa vk/kqfudhdj.k ds c<+rs gq, dneksa us vkgkj,oa Hkkstu dh O;oLFkk dks fcydqy gh cny dj j[k fn;k gsa QkLV QwM@tad QwM gekjs nsfud thou dh,d izdkj dh vko';drk lh cu x;k gsa bl ;qx esa cppksa dh Hkkstu lecu/kh vknrksa dks iw.kz :i ls cny fn;k gsa iks"k.k Lrj lecu/kh bl dfbu lel;k dh vksj ls dqn tu lewgksa dk rfkk dqn fodkl'khy ns'kksa dk Kku vkdf"kzr gqvk gs rfkk mugksaus ifcyd gsyfk U;wVªs'ku dk Hkh /;ku bl vksj vkdf"kzr fd;k gsa bl lel;k ds lecu/k esa izfke vurzjk"vªh; Lrj ij 1932 esa Health Organization League us izkjehk fd;ka ftlesa fd fofhké izdkj ds dqiksf"kr cppksa dks Nk Vus dk iz;kl fd;ka ¼L.ON Hit Org. 1933½ Nutation of Health Organization us viuh rduhdh vf/kdkjksa ds e/; vusd iks"kd lecu/kh losz{k.k djk;sa lu~ 1951 esa FAO/WHO dh la;qdr fo'ks"kkksa dh *MeesOeÚe$ee, meebf&veele efjeõeefjeåeeueùe, jebûeer (PeejKeC[) **MeesOe-efveoxefMekeâe SJeb [erve (ie=n efje%eeve efjeyeeie), meer.sme.deepeeo ÙetefveJeefme&šer Dee@heâ S«eer.šskeâ.keâevehegj (GòejØeosMe) UGC Approved - Research Link - An International Journal Vol-XVI (6) August

7 desvh us tula[;k ds iks"k.k Lrj dks ekius dh,d fjiksvz rs;kj dha bl fjiksvz esa iks"k.k Lrj dks ekius dh fof/k dh folr`r tkudkjh nsrs gq, crk;k x;k fd,ufkzksiksesfvªd eki fpfdrldh; tk p rfkk Hkkstu xzg.k djus dh fof/k ds }kjk iks"k.k Lrj ekik tk ldrk gsa U.S.A. dh Inter Department Committee on Nutrition for National Defence us,d if=dk esa Hkh iks"k.k Lrj dks ekius dh fof/k dks crk;k x;k gs rfkk vius ikl ds if'peh {ks=ksa esa losz{k.k djk;ka iwoz fd'kksjkolfkk % iwoz fd'kksjkolfkk mrrj cky;kolfkk ds izkjehk dk og vuks[kk dky gs] ftls oklro esa ekrk&firk ds fy, cky fodkl dh bl volfkk dks le>uk dfbu gsa ;g volfkk ckfydkvksa ds O;fDrRo ds fuekz.k dh gksrh gsa bl volfkk esa og fofhké vkgkjh; vknrksa] vfhko`frr;ksa] O;ogkj] :fp,oa bpnkvksa ds izfr:iksa dk fuekz.k djrk gsa CyS;j] tksul,oa fleilu ds vuqlkj] ß'kSf{kd n`f"vdks.k ls thou pø esa iwoz fd'kksjkolfkk ls vf/kd dksbz egroiw.kz volfkk ugha gsaþ bl volfkk esa ckyd,oa ckfydk, viuh vk/kkjhkwr vko';drkvksa dk rfkk mudh lel;kvksa,oa ifjflfkfr;ksa dh iw.kz tkudkjh izkir djuk pkgrh gsa] tks muds O;ogkj dks :ikurfjr vksj ifjofrzr djrh gsa bl volfkk esa ckfydkvksa esa vusd vuks[ks ifjorzu fn[kk;h nsrs gsaa mnkgj.kkfkz & 6 o"kz dh vk;q esa mldk LoHkko mxz fn[krk gs vksj og yxhkx lc ckrksas dk mrrj ^u* ;k ^ugha* vfkok ^gk * esa nsrh gsa 7 o"kz dh vk;q esa og mnklhu fn[krh gs rfkk vdsyk jguk ilun djrh gsa 8 o"kz dh vk;q esa mles a vu; lgikfb;ksa esa lkekftd leca/k LFkkfir djus dh Hkkouk cgqr izcy gksrh gsa 9 ls 12 o"kz rd dh vk;q esa fo ky; esa muds fy, dksbz vkd"kzd ugha fn[kk;h nsrk gsa og ml le; dksbz fu;fer dk;z u djds dksbz egku vksj jksekapdkjh dk;z djuk pkgrh gsa UGC - APPROVED - JOURNAL efjmeûe& efuebkeâ keâer meomùelee keâe Megukeâ Yegieleeve je ^erùeke=âle yeqkeâew Éeje meeroes š^ebmeheâj Ùee pecee efkeâùee pee mekeâlee nw~ yeqkeâ keâe efjejejce efvecveevegmeej nwyeqkeâ : mšsš yeqkeâ Dee@heâ FefC[Ùee yeçebûe : Deesu[ heueeefmeùee, Fvoewj, keâes[ - SBIN Keeles keâe veece : efjmeûe& efuebkeâ, Keelee vebyej Yegieleeve keâer cetue jmeero, MeesOe-he$e SJeb meer[er kesâ meele keâeùee&ueùeerve heles hej Yespevee DeefveJeeÙe& nw~ UGC Approved - Research Link - An International Journal Vol-XVI (6) August