Table 3 Effect of iron supplementation and X-ray irradiation on non-heme iron, TBRAS and vitamin C and E in liver of mice fed low protein diet

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Russell Heath
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1 Effects of Excess Iron Supplementation and Total Body X-Ray-Irradiation on Oxidative Damage in the Bone Marrow and Liver of Mice Fed on a Low-Protein Diet Kaori Endoh * 1' 2, Masahiro Murakami * 1, Michiyo Kimura * 3 and Keizo Umegaki * 2 * 1 Kyoritsu Women's University; * 2 National Institute of Health and Nutrition * 3 Takasaki University of Health and Welfare We examined whether excess iron supplementation to a low-protein diet (7 % casein) caused oxidative damage, and whether an additional treatment of total body irradiation (TBI) enhanced this oxidative damage. A preliminary study showed that more than 1 week of feeding a low protein diet decreased plasma iron, increased liver non-heme iron, and also enhanced TBI-induced chromosomal damage in bone marrow. Based on these findings, mice were fed on the low-protein diet for 1 week and then on the same diet with and without excess iron (2.5 % carbonyl iron) for an additional week, before being exposed to TBI (0.5Gy) or not. Iron supplementation significantly increased the non-heme iron and lipid peroxidation in the liver, but did not increase chromosomal damage in the bone marrow. Simultaneous treatment with TBI and iron supplementation did not influence the degree of chromosomal damage or lipid peroxidation due to each treatment. These findings indicate that excess iron supplementation with a low-protein diet did not induce chromosomal damage in the bone marrow, but did induce marked lipid peroxidation in the liver. Jpn. J. Nutr. Diet., 66 (5) (2008) Key words; low-protein diet, iron, X-ray, oxidative damage, chromosomal damage

3 Table 1 Iron, total iron binding capacity and iron saturation in plasma and non-heme iron in liver of mice fed a low protein diet or basal diet for 1 week Male ICR mice were fed a low protein diet (casein 7%) or basal diet (casein 20%) for 1 week and then given TBI (0.5Gy) and sacrificed on day 2 post-exposure. Data are only shown unirradiated groups in this table. Values are means + SD, n=5. Significant dietary effect (versus basal diet group ; p<0.05). Table 2 Effects of iron supplementation and X-ray irradiation on chromosomal damage in bone marrow of mice fed low protein diet Male ICR mice were fed a low protein diet (casein 7%). After 1 week, they were fed the same diet with or without carbonyl iron (2.5%) for an additional 1 week, and then given TBI (0.5Gy). They were sacrificed on day 2 postexposure. Chromosomal damage in bone marrow was evaluated by the appearance of micronucleated reticulocytes in peripheral blood. Values are means + SD, n=6. Significant TBI effect (versus unirradiated within same iron group; p<0.05). (OGy) group Table 3 Effect of iron supplementation and X-ray irradiation on non-heme iron, TBRAS and vitamin C and E in liver of mice fed low protein diet Male ICR mice were fed a low protein diet (casein 7%). After 1 week, they were fed the same diet with or without carbonyl iron (2.5%) for an additional 1 week, and then given TBI (0.5Gy). They were sacrificed on day 2 post-exposure. Values are the means + SD, n= 6. *Significant carbonyl iron effect (versus no carbonyl iron group within same TBI dose; p<0.05).

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Adequate Intakes of Vitamin E and Protein Prevent Increases of Oxidative Damage to DNA, Lipids, and Protein Induced by Total Body Irradiation in Mice

NUTRITION AND CANCER, 44(2), 169 174 Copyright 2002, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. Adequate Intakes of Vitamin E and Protein Prevent Increases of Oxidative Damage to DNA, Lipids, and Protein Induced