1 PPAR. (PPARs), PPARα PPARβ PPARγ3, PPARγ PPARs, PPARγ PPARγ (PPARγ ; PPARγ ) PPARγ PPARγ : R714.7 : A : X(2014)

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1 34 3 Vol.34 No Mar Reproduction & Contraception doi: /j.issn X randc_journal@163.com γ ( ) (PPARs) PPARα PPARβ 3 PPARs ( ; ) : γ(ppαrγ); ; ; : R714.7 : A : X(2014) (peroxisome proliferator activated receptor PPARs) 1990 PPARs 1 PPAR PPARs [23] Issemann Green 1 PPAR PPARα 1992 Dreyer 2 PPARβ/δ [1] 1999 Barak [2] : ; Tel: ; tduan@yahoo.com (XBR ) ( ) 3 PPARs : PPARα(NR1C1) PPARβ/ δ(nr1c2) (NR1C3) : N [3] PPARs ~ A/B C D E/F 4 N- A / B 1 1(AF-1) MAP C 2 DNA (DBD) DBD AGGTCA D 222

2 DBD (LBD) [4] D E10 [2] PKC C- E / F (LCD) (AF-2) RXR PPARs : : ; ; 15- -Δ1214 J2 (15dPGJ2) (LA) HODE [5] [6] [7] 2 PPAR 3 1 Northern [8] blotting JEG3 PPAR γ [9] ( ) 3 [3] [10] [2] RXR α [11] RXR α / RXRβ E9.5~10.5 [12] PBP/DRIP205/TRAP220(PPARs ) RAP250/PRIP(PPARs ) 3.2 [14] [13] TS (PAPP-A) (hpgh) PAPP-A PAPP-A (hghr) (EVCT) PPPAγ IGF-II [15] hpgh Janus / -5(JAK2/STAT5) [16] Matrigel 3.1 [17] SV40 223

3 [19] [18] RXR RXR RXR [20] hcg 3.3 (hcg) [2021] hcg hcg [15] RXRα [21] ( ) Sapin / RXRα [11] O [21] FA/ LA RXR [22] PPARs COX-2 [25] S3-12 FATP1 FATP4 RXR ; FATP2 RXR Ldhb Pcx Dgat1 Angptl4 Hsd17b4 Hsd17b11 Dcakd 4 [2728] ; COX-2 COX-2 COX-2 / [28] (PGs) NF-κB [26] (IL-1β IL-6 IL-10 TNF-α) [29] [29] COX-2 (15dPGJ2) ( ) PGE 2 PGE 2α ( 15dPGJ2) 5 [27] p38 MAP [23] [24] [30] Toth [31] -2(COX-2 ) (PPARα γ ) P-450 COX-2 [32] (intrauterine growth retardation IUGR) (PE) 224

4 c RXRα [33] [34] RXRα mrna PE PE IUGR RXRα mrna IUGR IUGR/PE DNA mrna [35] [35] 3 (FPLD3) 24 h / 6 [1] Braissant O Foufelle F Scotto C et al. Differential expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs): tissue distribution of PPAR-alpha -beta and -gamma in the adult rat. Endocrinology (1): [2] Barak Y Nelson MC Ong ES et al. Ppar gamma is required for placental cardiac and adipose tissue development. Mol Cell (4): [3] Fournier T Tsatsaris V Handschuh K et al. PPARs and the placenta. Placenta (2-3): [4] Gervois P Torra IP Chinetti G et al. A truncated human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha splice variant with dominant negative activity. Mol Endocrinol (9): [5] Kliewer SA Sundseth SS Jones SA et al. Fatty acids and eicosanoids regulate gene expression through direct interactions with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha and gamma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (9): [6] Davies SS Pontsler AV Marathe GK et al. Oxidized alkyl phospholipids are specific high affinity peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ligands and agonists. J Biol Chem (19): [7] Bishop-Bailey D Wray J. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors: a critical review on endogenous pathways for ligand generation. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat (1-2):1-22. [8] Matsuo H Strauss JR. Peroxisome proliferators and retinoids affect jeg-3 choriocarcinoma cell function. Endocrinology (3): [9] Wang Q Fujii H Knipp GT. Expression of ppar and rxr isoforms in the developing rat and human term placentas. Placenta (8-9): [10] Daoud G Simoneau L Masse A et al. Expression of cfabp and ppar in trophoblast cells: effect of ppar ligands on linoleic acid uptake and differentiation. Biochim Biophys Acta (1-3): [11] Sapin V Dolle P Hindelang C et al. Defects of the chorioallantoic placenta in mouse rxralpha null fetuses. Dev Biol (1): [12] Wendling O Chambon P Mark M. Retinoid x receptors are essential for early mouse development and placentogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2): [13] Antonson P Schuster GU Wang L et al. Inactivation of the nuclear receptor coactivator rap250 in mice results in placental vascular dysfunction. Mol Cell Biol (4): [14] Shalom-Barak T Nicholas JM Wang Y et al. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma controls muc1 transcription in trophoblasts. Mol Cell Biol (24): [15] Handschuh K Guibourdenche J Guesnon M et al. Modulation of papp-a expression by PPAR gamma in human first trimester trophoblast. Placenta (Suppl A):S [16] Lacroix MC Guibourdenche J Fournier T et al. Stimulation of human trophoblast invasion by placental growth hormone. Endocrinology (5): [17] Tarrade A Schoonjans K Pavan L et al. PPAR gamma/ rxralpha heterodimers control human trophoblast invasion. J Clin Endocrinol Metab (10): [18] Pavan L Tarrade A Hermouet A et al. Human invasive trophoblasts transformed with simian virus 40 provide a new tool to study the role of ppargamma in cell invasion process. Carcinogenesis (8): [19] Fournier T Pavan L Tarrade A et al. The role of ppar-gamma/ rxr-alpha heterodimers in the regulation of human trophoblast invasion. Ann N Y Acad Sci : [20] Schaiff WT Carlson MG Smith SD et al. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma modulates differentiation of human trophoblast in a ligand-specific manner. J Clin Endocrinol Metab (10):

5 [21] Tarrade A Schoonjans K Pavan L et al. Pargamma/Rxralpha heterodimers control human trophoblast invasion. J Clin Endocrinol Metab (10): [22] Schaiff WT Bildirici I Cheong M et al. Peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor-gamma and retinoid x receptor signaling regulate fatty acid uptake by primary human placental trophoblasts. J Clin Endocrinol Metab (7): [23] Schild RL Sonnenberg-Hirche CM Schaiff WT et al. The kinase p38 regulates peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma in human trophoblasts. Placenta (2-3): [24] Dunn-Albanese LR Ackerman WT Xie Y et al. Reciprocal expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorgamma and cyclooxygenase-2 in human term parturition. Am J Obstet Gynecol (3): [25] Xu Y Wang Q Cook TJ et al. Effect of placental fatty acid metabolism and regulation by peroxisome proliferator activated receptor on pregnancy and fetal outcomes. J Pharm Sci (10): [26] Shalom-Barak T Zhang X Chu T et al. Placental ppargamma regulates spatiotemporally diverse genes and a unique metabolic network. Dev Biol (1): [27] Ackerman WT Zhang XL Rovin BH et al. Modulation of cytokine-induced cyclooxygenase 2 expression by pparg ligands through nfkappab signal disruption in human wish and amnion cells. Biol Reprod (3): [28] Tornblom SA Patel FA Bystrom B et al. 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase and cyclooxygenase 2 messenger ribonucleic acid expression and immunohistochemical localization in human cervical tissue during term and preterm labor. J Clin Endocrinol Metab (6): [29] Lappas M Permezel M Rice GE. 15-deoxy-delta(1214)- prostaglandin j(2) and troglitazone regulation of the release of phospholipid metabolites inflammatory cytokines and proteases from human gestational tissues. Placenta (11-12): [30] Capparuccia L Marzioni D Giordano A et al. Ppargamma expression in normal human placenta hydatidiform mole and choriocarcinoma. Mol Hum Reprod (6): [31] Toth B Bastug M Scholz C et al. Leptin and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors: impact on normal and disturbed first trimester human pregnancy. Histol Histopathol (12): [32] Toth B Bastug M Mylonas I et al. Peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor-gamma in normal human pregnancy and miscarriage. Acta Histochem (4): [33] Rodie VA Young A Jordan F et al. Human placental peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta and gamma expression in healthy pregnancy and in preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction. J Soc Gynecol Investig (5): [34] Holdsworth-Carson SJ Lim R Mitton A et al. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors are altered in pathologies of the human placenta: gestational diabetes mellitus intrauterine growth restriction and preeclampsia. Placenta (3): [35] Murthi P Kalionis B Cocquebert M et al. Homeobox genes and down-stream transcription factor ppargamma in normal and pathological human placental development. Placenta (4): ( ) Research Advances on Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor γ and Pregnancy Han CAI Tao DUAN (Shanghai Frist Maternity and Infant Hospital of Tongji University Shanghai ) ABSTRACT Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor including PPARα PPARβ and. has tight correlations with pregnancy besides some common functions PPARs have including anti-inflammatory metabolic regulation and cell differentiation. This article reviews the importance of for pregnancy from the distribution in the placenta the important role in the placental development including trophoblastic differentiation invasion and placental fatty metabolism and the relationship with parturition and pathological pregnancy. Key words: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (); pregnancy; placenta; trophocyte 226