1. Vitamins are classified A. organic and inorganic B. elements and compounds C. essential and nonessential D. fat-soluble and water soluble

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1 1. Vitamins are classified A. organic and inorganic B. elements and compounds C. essential and nonessential D. fat-soluble and water soluble 2. Our bodies cannot produce A. vitamins B. proteins C. minerals D. carbohydrates 3. Vitamin which helps in chemical transmission of images from eye to brain is A. vitamin A B. vitamin B C. vitamin C D. vitamin D 4. Vitamin which helps in antioxidation is A. Vitamin A B. Vitamin B C. Vitamin C D. Vitamin E 5. Vitamin which is fat soluble is A. Vitamin A B. Vitamin B C. Vitamin C D. Vitamin D 6. Vitamin D activates enzymes A. 25 B. 50 C. less than 100 D. more than 100

2 7. Vitamins which are not stored in body are called A. fats B. minerals C. fat soluble vitamins D. water soluble vitamins 8. Vitamin which doesn't act as a coenzyme is A. Vitamin B B. Vitamin B 1 C. Vitamin B 2 D. Vitamin C 9. Non toxic vitamins include A. vitamin B complex B. vitamin C C. both (a) and (b) D. none of above 10. Number of water soluble vitamins is A. 3 B. 5 C. 7 D Water soluble vitamin include A. niacin B. vitamin C C. riboflavin D. all of the above

3 12. The symptoms of retinol excess are A. nausea B. weakness C. bone fragility D. all of these 13. Main function of insulin hormone is to A. increase blood sugar B. decrease blood sugar C. increase glycogen in liver D. decrease glycogen in liver 14. Ascorbic acid acts as an A. oxidizing agent B. reducing agent C. oxidizing and reducing agent both D. none of the above 15. A deficiency of thiamin produces the disease known as A. scurvy B. anemia C. cataract D. beri-beri 16. Acyl carrier protein (ACP) plays an important role in the biosynthesis of A. sugars B. fatty acids C. amino acids D. carbohydrates 17. Who discovered vitamin C (ascorbic acid)? A. Paul Berg B. Kerry Mull C. Linus Pauling D. Albert Szent-Gyorgyi

4 18. Selenium is an essential component of the enzyme glutathione peroxidase which A. oxidizes toxic hydoperoxycompounds in tissues B. reduces toxic hydoperoxycompounds in tissues C. scavenges toxic hydoperoxycompounds in tissues D. none of the above 19. A deficiency of niacin causes A. scurvy B. anemia C. cataract D. pellagra 20. Models of end-linked Osaka VI Fibrinogen dimers, a bilayer dimer is linked at A. both ends by one disulfide bond B. both ends by two disulfide bonds C. either end via a single disulfide bond D. either end via two disulfide bonds 21. The occurrence of metals such as iron or molybdenum in some flavoproteins can A. form chelation B. stabilize the semiquinone C. de-stabilize the semiquinone D. all of these 22. Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) is only synthesized by A. plants B. fishes C. animals D. micro-organisms

5 23. Which of the following are reduced coenzymes? A. ATP and GTP B. NAD+ and FAD C. NADH and FADH2 D. Coenzyme A and ubiquinone 24. The absence of ascorbic acid in the human diet gives rise to A. rickets B. beri-beri C. cataract D. pernicious anemia 25. Vitamins are essential because the organism A. can't synthesize these compounds in the B. can synthesize these compounds partially adequate amounts C. can't synthesize these compounds at all D. none of the above 26. The prosthetic group biotin is a carrier of which type of molecule? A. Ammonia B. Methyl group C. Sulfhydryl group D. Activated carbon dioxide 27. Which of these molecules is vitamin H? A. Biotin B. Carnitine C. Folic acid D. None of these 28. Vitamin K1 was first isolated from alfalalfa and has the phytyl side chain consisting of A. two isoprene unit B. four isoprene unit C. six isoprene units D. nine isoprene units

6 29. In one iron-metalloflavoprotein, the iron is present as a A. nonheme type B. heme-protein C. both (a) and (b) D. flavin moiety 30. Which of these is a vitamin A precursor? A. Thiamine B. Pyridoxine C. Cobalamin D. Beta-Carotene 31. A fat-soluble vitamin that regulates blood clotting is A. niacin B. vitamin A C. vitamin B D. vitamin K 32. Lipoic acid exists in A. reduced form B. oxidized form C. oxidized and reduced form both D. none of these 33. Vitamin B12 is useful in the prevention and treatment of A. scurvy B. cataract C. beri-beri D. pernicious anemia

7 34. An example of a digestive hormone is A. lipase B. pepsin C. gastrin D. amylase 35. In the co-enzyme B12 the position occupied by a cyanide ion in vitamin B12 is bonded directly to the of the ribose of adenosine. A. 5-6 dimethylbenzimidazole B. hydroxycobalamin C. cyanocobalamin D. adenine 36. What metal ion is specifically bound by vitamin B12? A. Iron B. Zinc C. Cobalt D. Copper 37. Which of the following compounds/(s) belong/(s) to the vitamin B6 group? A. Pyridoxal B. Pyridoxine C. Pyridoxamine D. All of these 38. The vitamin riboflavin, which occurs as a yellow pigment in egg yolk and milk become A. colorless on oxidation and regained its color on reduction with Zn in acid B. colorless on reduction with Zn in acid and regained its color on re-oxidation C. more deep in color on oxidation and regainedd. more deep in color on reduction with Zn in its color on reduction with Zn in acid acid and regained its color on re-oxidation 39. A deficiency of Vitamin K results in a decreased level of

8 A. fibrin B. thrombin C. fibrinogen D. prothrombin 40. Vitamin-D deficiency can cause A. beri-beri B. rickets C. cataract D. pernicious anemia 41. Which of these is a symptom of vitamin A deficiency? A. Blindness B. Osteoporosis C. Impaired blood clotting D. Impaired taste perception 42. The disease Beri-beri is due to a dietary deficiency in A. vitamin B1 (thiamine) B. vitamin B2 (riboflavin) C. vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) D. vitamin B What compound of raw egg white causes a syndrome similar to vitamin B deficiency? A. Betabindin B. Ovalbumin C. Albumin D. Avidin 44. An enzyme, L-folate reductase reduces folic acid to A. hydrofolic acid B. dihydrofolic acid C. trihydrofolic acid D. tetrahydrofolic acid

9 45. An early sign of retinol deficiencies in man is A. xeropthalmia B. keratinization C. night blindness D. none of these 46. β-carotene together with α-carotene, γ-carotene and cryptoxanthine are synthesized by A. plants B. animal C. plants and animals both D. none of these 47. Lipoic acid is a co-factor of the A. α-ketoglutaric dehydrogenase B. pyruvic dehydrogenase C. both (a) and (b) D. di-hydroorotate dehydrogenase 48. Biotin occurs mainly in combined forms bound to protein through A. ε-s-lysine moiety B. ε-n-lysine moiety C. ε-n-lipoyl - L-lysine D. ε-n-biotinyl-l-lysine 49. The most prominent role that tocopherol has in in-vitro systems is as a strong A. oxidizing agent B. reducing agent C. antioxidants D. all of these 50. The vitamin riboflavin is part of the molecule. A. FAD B. ferredoxin C. pyrophosphate D. pyridoxal phosphat

10 51. Vitamin-C is considered as a A. fat soluble B. water soluble C. fat and water soluble D. none of these 52. The vitamin niacin is part of the molecule. A. NAD+ B. ferredoxin C. pyrophosphate D. pyridoxal phosphate 53. Which of these hormones is a catecholamine? A. Follitropin B. Norepinephrine C. Tetrahydrofolate D. Tetraiodothyronine 54. Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase contains A. 2 flavins and 2 atoms of iron per molecule B. 2 flavins and 4 atoms of iron per molecule C. 4 flavins and 2 atoms of iron per molecule D. 4 flavins and 4 atoms of iron per molecule 55. E.coli ACP has its molecular weight as around A B C D

11 56. Which of the following mineral is involved in protein metabolism and oxidation reactions? A. calcium B. Manganese C. Magnesium D. Molybdenum 57. Which of the following mineral deficiency may result into impaired growth and development, skin lesions and loss of appetite? A. Iron B. Zinc C. Cobalt D. Magnesium 58. Which of the following is not a function of iron? A. Brain function B. Gene regulation C. Immune function D. Oxygen transport 59. Consumption of which nutrient leads to the multiplication of oral bacteria? A. Fat B. Protein C. Fluoride D. Carbohydrate 60. Examples of goitrogenic foods are and. A. turnips and corn B. rutabagas and okra C. cassava and lettuce D. raw cabbage and turnips 61. Manganese is needed for A. reproduction and functioning of central nervous system B. normal bone structure

12 C. both (a) and (b) D. muscle strengthening 62. Normal glucose metabolism requires A. calcium B. chromium C. magnesium D. manganese 63. Chronic consumption of excess selenium can lead to A. TPN B. diarrhea C. muscle weakness D. brittle hair and nails 64. Which trace mineral is a component of the enzyme that activates vitamin A in the eye? A. Iron B. Zinc C. Iodine D. Chromium 65. Which of the following vitamin is essential for the absorption of calcium from the intestinal tract? A. Vitamin A B. Vitamin B C. Vitamin C D. Vitamin D 66. Which of the following carbohydrate is effective in promoting the calcium absorption? A. Xylose B. Maltose C. Sucrose D. Lactose

13 67. What condition is caused by iodine deficiency during pregnancy and is characterized by stunted growth, deafness, and mental retardation? A. Cretinism B. Crohn's disease C. Keshan disease D. Multiple sclerosis 68. Iodine is a part of thyroid hormone and is essential for the prevention of A. goiter B. diarrhea C. osteoporosis D. muscle weakness 69. What transports copper from the intestinal cells to the liver? A. Albumin B. Acrolein C. Secretin D. Ceruloplasmin 70. Which group is most often affected with copper deficiency? A. Alcoholics B. Elderly woman C. Active toddlers with limited D. Preterm infants food variety 71. Manganese is a key component of all of the following enzymes except A. arginase B. ceruloplasmin C. pyruvate carboxylase D. Mn-superoxide dismutase 72. Selenium deficiency leads to A. diarrhea B. liver necrosis C. Crohn's disease D. multiple sclerosis

14 73. Which of the following is necessary for the clotting of blood, functions of certain enzymes and control of fluids through cell membranes? A. Cobalt B. Copper C. Calcium D. Magnesium 74. Which of the following statement is correct? A. Sodium and chloride are primarily involved in maintaining osmotic equilibrium and body fluid volume. C. Sodium and chloride are the chief extracellular ions of the body. B. Chloride ion is necessary for the production of hydrochloric acid of gastric juice. D. All of these 75. An endemic disease of cardiomyopathy in children is attributed to A. low intake of iron B. high intake of iron C. low Se in the environment D. high Se in the environment 76. What is the main source of natural fluoride? A. Meat B. Water C. Potatoes D. Mushrooms 77. Which of the following mineral is involved in the enzyme -controlled energy yielding reactions of metabolism? A. Iron B. Copper C. Calcium D. Phosphorus

15 78. The mineral which aids in the utilization of iron and in hemoglobin synthesis is A. cobalt B. copper C. calcium D. phosphorus 79. The mineral which is considered important in maintaining electrical potential in nerves and membranes is A. iron B. calcium C. magnesium D. manganese 80. Wilson's disease is an example of and Menkes' syndrome is an example of. A. zinc toxicity; zinc deficiency B. zinc deficiency; zinc toxicity C. copper deficiency; copper toxicity D. copper toxicity; copper deficiency 81. Which of the following two beverages contribute 20 to 30 percent of our daily manganese intake? A. Milk or tea B. Cola or coffee C. Tea or orange juice D. Milk or orange juice 82. Which of the following ion is required for the development of sound teeth with resistance to tooth decay? A. Sodium ion B. Chloride ion C. Fluoride ion D. Magnesium ion

16 83. Adding to a breakfast of cereal will help your body absorb iron. A. milk B. water C. coffee D. orange juice 84. Which of the following is required as a component of blood hemoglobin? A. Iron B. Copper C. Calcium D. Magnesium 85. Which of the following is correct? A. Cobalt is part of vitamin B12 B. Cobalt will not replace the need for vitamin B12 in humans C. Both (a) and (b) D. Cobalt will replace the need for vitamin B12 in humans 86. What type of compunds are vitamins A. Organic B. Streroid C. Non-organic D. Complex organic 87. How do plants manufacture vitamins A. From the soil B. Photosynthesis C. Water absorbtion D. None of these 88. Vitamins exist in what to forms A. fat and water soluble B. fat soluble and water solubl

17 C. water soluble and fat soluble D. all of the above 89. If vitamins taken in excess can be stored in A. fat B. body fat C. fat tissue D. all of the above 90. Excess water soluble vitamins are excretes through the A. ear B. nose C. mouth D. urine 91. B1 vitamins is A. Biotin B. Niacin C. Thiamin D. Riboflavin 92. Vitamin B2 is also known as A. Biotin B. Thiamin C. Folic acid D. Riboflavin 93. Vitamin B3 is A. Niacin B. Cobalin C. Folic acid D. Pyrodoxine

18 94. Vitamin B5 is also known as A. Biotin B. Cobalin C. Folic acid D. Pantothenic acid 95. Vitamin B6 is A. Thiamin B. Cobalin C. Pyridoxine D. Riboflavin 96. Vitamin B7 is called A. Biotin B. Niacin C. Thiamin D. Folic acid 97. Vitamin B9 is A. Niacin B. Thiamin C. Folic acid D. Riboflavin 98. Vitamin B12 is known as A. Cobalin B. Thiamin C. Folic acid D. Pyridoxine 99. Vitamin k is mainly stored in the A. Heart B. Liver C. Kidney D. None of the above

19 100. Water soluble vitamins act mainly as A. Fats B. Water C. Minerals D. coenzymes