2) At physiological ph (7.0), what is the net charge of this peptide? (note this only requires knowing the R groups on each amino acid)
|
|
- Sarah Townsend
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 page1 (of10) Proteins and peptides (9 points) Behold, a license plate! It is from a custom classic car (ca. 1940) on display at Simpson s Nursery in Jamul, which has many plants and a remarkable collection of vehicles (go figure ). 1; 4 pts) Write the sequence of the peptide spelled out in the plate, using the three letter code (eg. a tripeptide of tryptophan would be TrpTrpTrp). 2) At physiological ph (7.0), what is the net charge of this peptide? (note this only requires knowing the R groups on each amino acid) 3) Give a one sentence, general description of a prosthetic group 4) Write the name of the prosthetic group that contains iron 5; 2 pts) Write the name of the type of protein secondary structure that is depicted in the little pictures, using the space under each one
2 page2 (of10) Flipping M & M (8 points) You are analyzing three enzymes (A, B and C) that catalyze the same reaction. You determine the velocity (V) at various substrate concentrations (S), and plot the data using the Lineweaver-Burk method, excoriated by Eminem (see inset box). who re those jerks, lineweaver and burk? they took my curve and made a line that takes some nerve so I ll speak my mind those foolish nerds be wastin your time cause the hyperbola is still sublime Eminem: The Slim Substrate LP The resulting graph is shown on the right, with each enzyme s data indictated by letter. Answer the following questions. 6) What does the horizontal axis represent? 7) What does the vertical axis represent? 8) Which enzyme has the highest Vmax? 9) Which enzyme attains 50% Vmax at the lowest substrate concentration? 10) A fourth isozyme has a curved lineweaver burke plot. Sketch what the S vs V plot for that enzyme will look like in the space to the right.. 11) What can you say about the structure of this fourth enzyme? 12) (not Lineweaver-Burk related) Write the equation that defines kcat k cat = (Hint: this is not Km) 13) What is the definition of kcat in English? That is, use a sentence to describe its physical meaning, as opposed to an equation.
3 page3 (of10) Three residues for the Enzyme-Kings (8 points) The catalytic triad is a very common feature of many enzymes that hydrolyze chemical bonds. We focused on chymotrypsin in this class. Below are the three amino acids of the chymotrypsin catalytic triad. Name each amino acid, and in one sentence describe its function in the catalytic triad. 14) name: 15) function in catalytic triad: 1 16) name: 17) function in catalytic triad: 2 18) name: 19) function in catalytic triad: 3 20; 2 pts) Some catalytic triads have the amino acid cysteine in place of one of the amino acids above. Which amino acid above (you can say 1, 2, or 3 if you don t remember the name) would be the logical one to be substituted by cysteine in these alternate triads? Why? (one sentence).
4 page4 (of10) The last step (11 points) A recent article (Zanella et al. (2005) British Journal of Heamatology 130, 11-25) describes a genetic deficiency in red cell pyruvate kinase (PK). This is the most common defect in the glycolytic pathway, occurring in approximately 1 in 20,000 patients, and in the worse cases results in life-threatening neonatal anemia. Let s think about this enzyme and the effects of its loss in a cell 21; 4 pts) Write the reaction catalyzed by PK. Include the structures and names of the glycolytic pathway molecules; include any cofactors or other substrates used or produced in the reaction. In cells that have a PK deficiency, there is a buildup of the substrate of the PK reaction, and a build up of 2 phosphoglycerate (2-PG) and 3 phosphoglycerate (3-PG). Let s think about this. What are the two reactions that directly precede the PK reaction? Write each in the space provided. No need for structures, just names like 3-PG, etc. Include all reactants and products. 22) First (earlier) of the two reactions (here): 23) Second of the two reactions (here): 24) So why do the two molecules mentioned above build up in this syndrome? (one sentence) PK is allosterically regulated. Two regulators of PK are fructose 1,6 bisphosphate and ATP. Predict how each affects the enzyme s activity (inhibitor, activator) and say with one sentence why it makes sense. 25; 2 pts) Fr1,6bP is an allosteric of PK. This makes regulatory sense because: 26; 2 pts) ATP is an allosteric of PK. This makes regulator sense because:
5 page5 (of10) Thinking about drinking (8 points) Ingested ethanol is detoxified by the liver to harmless acetate. This occurs by a two reaction pathway, in which ethanol is converted into acetaldehye, and then acetaldehyde is converted into acetate. You have never seen this pathway, but your current knowledge will allow you think about ethanol detoxification in clear, chemical terms. Let s go! 27; 2 pts) First, draw the structures of the three molecules. I have included ethanol. That level of detail is fine ethanol acetaldehyde acetate The first step (ethanol to acetaldehyde) is catalyzed by alcohol dehydrogenase. The second step (acetaldehyde to acetate) is catalyzed by aldehyde dehydrogenase. Both use NAD+ as a substrate. Write the balanced reaction for the first step showing the two structures; and include NAD+ in the reactions. 28; 2 pts) Alcohol dehydrogenase reaction: Antabuse, is used clinically as a deterrent to drinking. It is an inhibitor of aldehyde dehydrogenase, and patients on Antabuse get very ill if they drink alcohol. 29) When a person on Antabuse drinks ethanol, what molecule do you expect to accumulate? 30; 2 pts) The E o for the acetaldehyde/ethanol half reaction is ev. Write the balanced half reaction, including electrons. 31) From the E o value, say which direction the half-reaction runs spontaneously, justifying your answer (one sentence).
6 page6 (of10) Dr. Krebs, I presume (16 points) 32; 2 pts) What is the main catabolic function of the Krebs cycle in oxygen-using cells (one sentence)? 33; 2 pts.) What is the carrier for acetyl groups that delivers them to the Krebs cycle? Write the common abbreviation for the carrier both with and without an attached acetyl group and 34; 3 pts.) Write out Krebs cycle reaction catalyzed by citrate synthase, showing all substrates and products, and include the structures and names of the pathway molecules. 35; 3 pts) The Krebs cycle results in the production of 3 distinct energy-rich molecules. What are they? 36; 2 pts.) Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) is a critical enzyme for producing substrate for the Krebs cycle. Write the balanced, net reaction catalyzed by PDH, including all reactants and products. No need for structures. Two critical PDH cofactors are TPP and lipoic acid. Describe briefly the function each in the PDH reaction. No need for pictures. 37) TPP: 38) Lipoic acid: 39; 2 pts.) We have discussed other dyhydrogenases, such as glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, alpha-ketogluarate dehydydrogenase, and succinate dehydrogenase. Which is most like PDH, and why (one sentence)
7 page7 (of10) Carbon in, carbon out (10 points) 40) In the Krebs cycle, two carbons are lost with each turn of the cycle. What is the form of the carbon that is lost? 41) If an acetyl group enters the Krebs cycle, and the cycle is allowed to go just one turn, how many of the added acetyl group s carbon atoms remain? (0, 1, 2): 42) There is an alternate cycle we discussed in class that avoids the loss of carbon, thus allowing use of acetyl groups for anabolism. What is the name of this cycle? 43; 2 points) In this alternate cycle, two reactions involve covalent addition of acetyl groups to cycle molecules. One of these molecules is also found in the Krebs cycle, and the other is unique to the alternate cycle. What are theses two molecules (just names)? and 44) Because there is no loss of carbon in this alternate cycle, acetyl groups that enter metabolism can be used for anabolism, such as the production of glucose. Can we use this cycle to convert acetyl groups into bigger molecules? Yes or no, and why (1 sentence). 45) When pathway intermediates are lost from the Krebs cycle, they can be replaced by four different reactions we have covered in class. What is the general name for these reactions? 46; 2 pts) One of these reactions is catalyzed by pyruvate carboxylase. Write the balanced reaction, including all substrates and products. No structures needed. 47) What role does biotin play in the pyruvate carboxylase reaction (one sentence)?
8 page8 (of10) It's Fructillyicious!!! (9 points) 48) Fructose is one of the most ingested sugars in the modern diet. What common dietary sugar contains fructose in its structure? 49; 2 pts) There are two ways that fructose enters glycolysis. One involves phosphorylation at the 6 carbon, and the other involves phosphorylation at the 1 carbon. What type of enzymes phosphorylate things, and what is the source of the phosphate that is transferred by such enzymes? type of enzyme source of phosphate Let s now explore how Fr-1-P, which isn t a glycolytic interemediate, enters glycolysis. 50; 2 pts) Write the reaction in which fructose is phosphorylated at the 1 position. Include the structure of the fructose and Fr-1-P; include all substrates and products. Draw the fructose in the linear (hint: ketone) configuration. Carbons with OH groups can be written -CHOH- or - CH 2 OH. Fr-1-P is processed to enter glycolysis by the action of fructose-1-phosphate aldolase (F1PA). This aldolase works in an identical manner to the aldolase of the glycolytic pathway. 51; 2 pts) Knowing this, draw the two products that result when F1PA acts on Fr-1-P, and write their names under them. 52; 2 pts) One of the products of F1PA is a glycolytic intermediate. The other molecule (an aldehyde) is almost a glycolytic intermediate. Write a plausible, energetically favorable biochemical reaction that would convert this molecule into a glycolytic intermediate. Include the structures and names of the substrate and product. Hint: remember question #49 above
9 page9 (of10) Whoa, dude where am I? (11 points) Here are 4 cellular locations A B C D mitochondrial outer membrane mitochondrial inner membrane mitochondrial matrix the cytosol For each phrase below, write the one letter that is best associated with the phrase 53) location of cytochromes 54) in contact with the cytosol 55) highly permeable to small ions and molecules 56) location of Krebs cycle enzymes 57) site of bacterial-type ribosomes 58) where ATP synthase is located 59) site of pentose phosphate pathway 60) contains porins 61) highly impermeable to small molecules and ions 62) where the PDH complex is found 63) location of glycolytic enzymes
10 page10 (of10) Truth is Truer than Fiction (T or F; 10 points) 64) No biochemical reactions in the cell have a positive delta G. 65) Glycogen is mobilized for metabolism by hydrolysis into monomers of free glucose. 66) A Michalelis-Menton enzyme is 80 % saturated when S equals 4 times the Km. 67) An enzyme decreases the forward activation energy more than the reverse activation energy. 68) Phosphate groups on proteins are removed by phosphatases. 69) ATP is a product of the reaction catalyzed by glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. 70) The Krebs cycle can not occur in the absence of oxygen. 71) A lactone is an intermediate of the pentose phosphate pathway. 72) In fermentation, both lactate and ethanol are formed to restore NAD +. 73) A reaction with a negative delta G must have a positive delta S,
kcat, but isozyme M (in muscle) has a Km of 5 um and isozyme L (in liver) has a Km of 20 um. Answer
Name ENZYMES and KINETICS (10 points this page) A substrate S is converted into product P. When an enzyme is added to the reaction, the activation energy is lowered. Use single sentence answers for the
More informationpage1 (of9) BIBC102 Midterm 1 Sp 2009
page1 (of9) 1) (2 pts) Define catabolism and anabolism. One sentence each should be fine. Catabolism- group of metabolic pathways that break down molecules to gain energy and precursors for biosynthesis
More informationPage 2 (out of 15) Page 3 (out of 13) Page 4 (out of 11) Page 5 (out of 13) Page 6 (out of 14) Page 7 (out of 14) Page 8 (out of 10)
Metabolic Biochemistry Midterm Thursday April 29, 2010; 5-6:20 Good afternoon. This is the midterm and like we discussed, it has two purposes. The first is to solidify your knowledge of the basic and oft-used
More informationSpring 2012 BIBC 102 midterm Hampton et al. Metabolic Biochemistry Midterm Tuesday May 8, 2012; 3:30-5:50
Metabolic Biochemistry Midterm Tuesday May 8, 2012; 3:30-5:50 Good afternoon and goooood evening. This midterm has two purposes. One is to solidify your knowledge of the frequently-used ideas and information
More informationkcat, but isozyme M (in muscle) has a Km of 5 um and isozyme L (in liver) has a Km of 20 um. Answer the following questions about this situation.
ENZYMES and KINETICS (10 points this page) A substrate S is converted into product P. When an enzyme is added to the reaction, the activation energy is lowered. Use single sentence answers for the following:
More informationMetabolic Biochemistry / BIBC 102 Midterm Exam / Spring 2011
Metabolic Biochemistry / BIBC 102 Midterm Exam / Spring 2011 I. (25 points) Fill in all of the enzyme catalyzed reactions which convert glycogen to lactate. Draw the correct structure for each intermediate
More informationPage 2 (out of 12) Page 3 (out of 22) Page 4 (out of 20) Page 5 (out of 13) Page 6 (out of 21) Page 7 (out of 24) Page 8 (out of 17)
Sp12 BIBC102 final, page 1 Hello Young Metabolites! This is the Metabolic Biochemistry final. I am hoping you will agree that you have learned a lot of new things about some of the core processes of life
More informationChemical Energy. Valencia College
9 Pathways that Harvest Chemical Energy Valencia College 9 Pathways that Harvest Chemical Energy Chapter objectives: How Does Glucose Oxidation Release Chemical Energy? What Are the Aerobic Pathways of
More information2. (12 pts) Given the following metabolic pathway (as it occurs in the cell):
Answer Sheet 1 (Gold) 1. (1 pt) Write your exam ID (A) in the blank at the upper right of your answer sheet. 2. (12 pts) Given the following metabolic pathway (as it occurs in the cell): a. Would you expect
More informationIt s Enzyme Time (12 points)
page 1 Student ID It s Enzyme Time (12 points) You overhear a student say the following quote: it s the kcat that s important! If you know the kcat of an enzyme, you can predict what the maximum rate of
More informationQuiz 4 Review Guide Fall 2018
Quiz 4 Review Guide Fall 2018 Major Topics: Enzyme Kinetics: o reaction rates and catalysis; transition state binding theory o Michaelis-Menten equation and interpretation o Inhibitors types and explanations
More informationMetabolism. Metabolic pathways. BIO 5099: Molecular Biology for Computer Scientists (et al) Lecture 11: Metabolic Pathways
BIO 5099: Molecular Biology for Computer Scientists (et al) Lecture 11: Metabolic Pathways http://compbio.uchsc.edu/hunter/bio5099 Larry.Hunter@uchsc.edu Metabolism Metabolism is the chemical change of
More information4. Which step shows a split of one molecule into two smaller molecules? a. 2. d. 5
1. Which of the following statements about NAD + is false? a. NAD + is reduced to NADH during both glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. b. NAD + has more chemical energy than NADH. c. NAD + is reduced
More informationGlycolysis. Degradation of Glucose to yield pyruvate
Glycolysis Degradation of Glucose to yield pyruvate After this Lecture you will be able to answer: For each step of glycolysis: How does it occur? Why does it occur? Is it Regulated? How? What are the
More informationBiochem sheet (5) done by: razan krishan corrected by: Shatha Khtoum DATE :4/10/2016
Biochem sheet (5) done by: razan krishan corrected by: Shatha Khtoum DATE :4/10/2016 Note about the last lecture: you must know the classification of enzyme Sequentially. * We know that a substrate binds
More informationRespiration. Organisms can be classified based on how they obtain energy: Autotrophs
Respiration rganisms can be classified based on how they obtain energy: Autotrophs Able to produce their own organic molecules through photosynthesis Heterotrophs Live on organic compounds produced by
More informationMetabolic Biochemistry / BIBC 102 Midterm Exam / Spring 2005
Metabolic Biochemistry / BIBC 102 Midterm Exam / Spring 2005 I. (20 points) Fill in all of the enzyme catalyzed reactions which convert glycogen to lactate. Draw the correct structure for each intermediate
More informationMETABOLISM Biosynthetic Pathways
METABOLISM Biosynthetic Pathways Metabolism Metabolism involves : Catabolic reactions that break down large, complex molecules to provide energy and smaller molecules. Anabolic reactions that use ATP energy
More informationCellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy Chapter 9
Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy Chapter 9 Assemble polymers, pump substances across membranes, move and reproduce The giant panda Obtains energy for its cells by eating plants which get
More informationIII. 6. Test. Respiració cel lular
III. 6. Test. Respiració cel lular Chapter Questions 1) What is the term for metabolic pathways that release stored energy by breaking down complex molecules? A) anabolic pathways B) catabolic pathways
More informationModule No. # 01 Lecture No. # 19 TCA Cycle
Biochemical Engineering Prof. Dr. Rintu Banerjee Department of Agricultural and Food Engineering Asst. Prof. Dr. Saikat Chakraborty Department of Chemical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur
More information7 Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy
7 Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy How Does Glucose Oxidation Release Chemical Energy? What Are the Aerobic Pathways of Glucose Metabolism? How Is Energy Harvested
More informationSix Types of Enzyme Catalysts
Six Types of Enzyme Catalysts Although a huge number of reactions occur in living systems, these reactions fall into only half a dozen types. The reactions are: 1. Oxidation and reduction. Enzymes that
More information10/25/2010 CHAPTER 9 CELLULAR RESPIRATION. Life is Work. Types of cellular respiration. Catabolic pathways = oxidizing fuels
CHAPTER 9 CELLULAR RESPIRATION Life is Work Living cells require transfusions of energy from outside sources to perform their many tasks: Chemical work Transport work Mechanical work Energy stored in the
More informationCh. 9 Cell Respiration. Title: Oct 15 3:24 PM (1 of 53)
Ch. 9 Cell Respiration Title: Oct 15 3:24 PM (1 of 53) Essential question: How do cells use stored chemical energy in organic molecules and to generate ATP? Title: Oct 15 3:28 PM (2 of 53) Title: Oct 19
More informationMarah Bitar. Faisal Nimri ... Nafeth Abu Tarboosh
8 Marah Bitar Faisal Nimri... Nafeth Abu Tarboosh Summary of the 8 steps of citric acid cycle Step 1. Acetyl CoA joins with a four-carbon molecule, oxaloacetate, releasing the CoA group and forming a six-carbon
More informationAhmad Ulnar. Faisal Nimri ... Dr.Faisal
24 Ahmad Ulnar Faisal Nimri... Dr.Faisal Fatty Acid Synthesis - Occurs mainly in the Liver (to store excess carbohydrates as triacylglycerols(fat)) and in lactating mammary glands (for the production of
More informationBCH 4054 Chapter 19 Lecture Notes
BCH 4054 Chapter 19 Lecture Notes 1 Chapter 19 Glycolysis 2 aka = also known as verview of Glycolysis aka The Embden-Meyerhoff Pathway First pathway discovered Common to almost all living cells ccurs in
More informationCellular Respiration. Overview of Cellular Respiration. Lecture 8 Fall Overview of Cellular Respiration. Overview of Cellular Respiration
Overview of Cellular Respiration 1 Cellular Respiration Lecture 8 Fall 2008 All organisms need ATP to do cellular work Cellular Respiration: The conversion of chemical energy of carbon compounds into another
More informationCitric Acid Cycle: Central Role in Catabolism. Entry of Pyruvate into the TCA cycle
Citric Acid Cycle: Central Role in Catabolism Stage II of catabolism involves the conversion of carbohydrates, fats and aminoacids into acetylcoa In aerobic organisms, citric acid cycle makes up the final
More informationBIOLOGY 311C - Brand Spring 2010
BIOLOGY 311C - Brand Spring 2010 NAME (printed very legibly) KEY UT-EID EXAMINATION III Before beginning, check to be sure that this exam contains 8 pages (including front and back) numbered consecutively,
More informationGlycolysis Part 2. BCH 340 lecture 4
Glycolysis Part 2 BCH 340 lecture 4 Regulation of Glycolysis There are three steps in glycolysis that have enzymes which regulate the flux of glycolysis These enzymes catalyzes irreversible reactions of
More informationCellular Respiration
Cellular Respiration 1. To perform cell work, cells require energy. a. A cell does three main kinds of work: i. Mechanical work, such as the beating of cilia, contraction of muscle cells, and movement
More informationGlycolysis. Glycolysis Expectations. Glycolysis 10/20/2015. Chapter 16, Stryer Short Course. Memorize/learn Figure 16.1
Glycolysis Chapter 16, Stryer Short Course Glycolysis Expectations Memorize/learn Figure 16.1 Know overall reaction and stages Explain chemical/physiological purpose of each step Learn structures Reversible/Irreversible
More informationGLYCOLYSIS Generation of ATP from Metabolic Fuels
GLYCOLYSIS Generation of ATP from Metabolic Fuels - Catabolic process degradative pathway - Energy stored in sugars (carbohydrates) released to perform biological work - Transforms GLUCOSE to PYRUVATE
More informationVocabulary. Chapter 19: The Citric Acid Cycle
Vocabulary Amphibolic: able to be a part of both anabolism and catabolism Anaplerotic: referring to a reaction that ensures an adequate supply of an important metabolite Citrate Synthase: the enzyme that
More informationFIRST BIOCHEMISTRY EXAM Tuesday 25/10/ MCQs. Location : 102, 105, 106, 301, 302
FIRST BIOCHEMISTRY EXAM Tuesday 25/10/2016 10-11 40 MCQs. Location : 102, 105, 106, 301, 302 The Behavior of Proteins: Enzymes, Mechanisms, and Control General theory of enzyme action, by Leonor Michaelis
More informationAerobic Fate of Pyruvate. Chapter 16 Homework Assignment. Chapter 16 The Citric Acid Cycle
Chapter 16 Homework Assignment The following problems will be due once we finish the chapter: 1, 3, 7, 10, 16, 19, 20 Additional Problem: Write out the eight reaction steps of the Citric Acid Cycle, using
More informationBiochemistry Prof. S. Dasgupta Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur. Lecture - 27 Metabolism III
Biochemistry Prof. S. Dasgupta Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Lecture - 27 Metabolism III In the last step of our metabolism of carbohydrates we are going to consider
More informationBIOLOGY 103 Spring 2001 MIDTERM LAB SECTION
BIOLOGY 103 Spring 2001 MIDTERM NAME KEY LAB SECTION ID# (last four digits of SS#) STUDENT PLEASE READ. Do not put yourself at a disadvantage by revealing the content of this exam to your classmates. Your
More informationCITRIC ACID CYCLE ERT106 BIOCHEMISTRY SEM /19 BY: MOHAMAD FAHRURRAZI TOMPANG
CITRIC ACID CYCLE ERT106 BIOCHEMISTRY SEM 1 2018/19 BY: MOHAMAD FAHRURRAZI TOMPANG Chapter Outline (19-1) The central role of the citric acid cycle in metabolism (19-2) The overall pathway of the citric
More informationChapter 9: Cellular Respiration Overview: Life Is Work. Living cells. Require transfusions of energy from outside sources to perform their many tasks
Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration Overview: Life Is Work Living cells Require transfusions of energy from outside sources to perform their many tasks Biology, 7 th Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece The
More informationGlucose is the only source of energy in red blood cells. Under starvation conditions ketone bodies become a source of energy for the brain
Glycolysis 4 / The Text :- Some Points About Glucose Glucose is very soluble source of quick and ready energy. It is a relatively stable and easily transported. In mammals, the brain uses only glucose
More informationName. Page 2 (out of 12) Page 3 (out of 10) Page 4 (out of 14) Page 5 (out of 12) Page 6 (out of 12) Page 7 (out of 9) Page 8 (out of 17)
Fa15 BIBC102 final, page 1! Good Evening Done-tabolites! This is your final. The graded exams will be available for pickup sometime next week. Stay tuned. The key will be posted on the website TONIGHT.
More informationit s a specific enzyme, the mechanism is that the intermediate which is the thioester ( aldehyde, substrate ) is covalently bound to the enzyme.
Oxidation of glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate : glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate on carbon1 it s an aldehyde group, which is oxidized and converted to carboxylic group ( aldehyde - becomes carboxylic acid ) this is
More informationnumber Done by Corrected by Doctor Nayef Karadsheh
number 11 Done by حسام أبو عوض Corrected by Moayyad Al-Shafei Doctor Nayef Karadsheh 1 P a g e General Regulatory Aspects in Metabolism: We can divide all pathways in metabolism to catabolicand anabolic.
More informationCellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy
Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy You should be able to: 1. Explain how redox reactions are involved in energy exchanges. Name and describe the three stages of cellular respiration;
More informationWHY IS THIS IMPORTANT?
CHAPTER 3 ESSENTIALS OF METABOLISM WHY IS THIS IMPORTANT? It is important to have a basic understanding of metabolism because it governs the survival and growth of microorganisms The growth of microorganisms
More informationCHY2026: General Biochemistry UNIT 7& 8: CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM
CHY2026: General Biochemistry UNIT 7& 8: CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM Metabolism Bioenergetics is the transfer and utilization of energy in biological systems The direction and extent to which a chemical reaction
More informationCellular Respiration Stage 1: (Glycolysis) AP Biology
Cellular Respiration Stage 1: (Glycolysis) What s the point? The point is to make! Glycolysis: Breaking down glucose glyco lysis (splitting sugar) glucose pyruvate 6C 2x 3C In the cytosol? Why does that
More informationPhysiological Chemistry II Exam IV Dr. Melissa Kelley April 13, 2004
Name Write your name on the back of the exam Physiological Chemistry II Exam IV Dr. Melissa Kelley April 13, 2004 This examination consists of forty-four questions, each having 2 points. The remaining
More informationGlycolysis. BCH 340 lecture 3 Chapter 8 in Lippincott 5 th edition
Glycolysis B 40 lecture hapter 8 in Lippincott 5 th edition All carbohydrates to be catabolized must enter the glycolytic pathway Glycolysis is degradation of glucose to generate energy (ATP) and to provide
More informationMicrobial Metabolism. PowerPoint Lecture Presentations prepared by Bradley W. Christian, McLennan Community College C H A P T E R
PowerPoint Lecture Presentations prepared by Bradley W. Christian, McLennan Community College C H A P T E R 5 Microbial Metabolism Big Picture: Metabolism Metabolism is the buildup and breakdown of nutrients
More informationMULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1. Which of the following statements concerning anabolic reactions is FALSE? A. They are generally endergonic. B. They usually require ATP. C. They are part of metabolism. D.
More information3.2 Aerobic Respiration
3.2 Aerobic Respiration Aerobic Cellular Respiration Catabolic pathways Breaks down energy-rich compounds to make ATP Requires oxygen Occurs in different parts of the cell C 6 H 12 O 6 (s) + 6O 2 (g) 6CO
More informationNAME KEY ID # EXAM 3a BIOC 460. Wednesday April 10, Please include your name and ID# on each page. Limit your answers to the space provided!
EXAM 3a BIOC 460 Wednesday April 10, 2002 Please include your name and ID# on each page. Limit your answers to the space provided! 1 1. (5 pts.) Define the term energy charge: Energy charge refers to the
More informationThis is an example outline of 3 lectures in BSC (Thanks to Dr. Ellington for sharing this information.)
This is an example outline of 3 lectures in BSC 2010. (Thanks to Dr. Ellington for sharing this information.) Topic 10: CELLULAR RESPIRATION (lectures 14-16) OBJECTIVES: 1. Know the basic reactions that
More informationChapter 9. Cellular Respiration and Fermentation
Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Energy flows into an ecosystem as sunlight and leaves as heat Photosynthesis generates O 2 and organic molecules, which are used in cellular respiration
More informationHow Cells Harvest Energy. Chapter 7. Respiration
How Cells Harvest Energy Chapter 7 Respiration Organisms classified on how they obtain energy: autotrophs: produce their own organic molecules through photosynthesis heterotrophs: live on organic compounds
More informationBY: RASAQ NURUDEEN OLAJIDE
BY: RASAQ NURUDEEN OLAJIDE LECTURE CONTENT INTRODUCTION CITRIC ACID CYCLE (T.C.A) PRODUCTION OF ACETYL CoA REACTIONS OF THE CITIRC ACID CYCLE THE AMPHIBOLIC NATURE OF THE T.C.A CYCLE THE GLYOXYLATE CYCLE
More informationChapter 9: Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy
AP Biology Reading Guide Name: Date: Period Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy Overview: Before getting involved with the details of cellular respiration and photosynthesis, take
More informationCELLULAR RESPIRATION. Xe - + Y X + Ye - CH 4 + 2O 2 CO 2 + H 2 O + energy. C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + energy SUMMARY EQUATION
AP BIOLOGY CELLULAR ENERGETICS ACTIVITY #2 NAME DATE HOUR CELLULAR RESPIRATION SUMMARY EQUATION STEPWISE REDOX REACTION Oxidation: Reduction: Xe - + Y X + Ye - CH 4 + 2O 2 CO 2 + H 2 O + energy C 6 H 12
More informationLAB 6 Fermentation & Cellular Respiration
LAB 6 Fermentation & Cellular Respiration INTRODUCTION The cells of all living organisms require energy to keep themselves alive and fulfilling their roles. Where does this energy come from? The answer
More informationCHAPTER 16. Glycolysis
CHAPTER 16 Glycolysis Net reaction of Glycolysis Converts: 1 Glucose Hexose stage 2 pyruvate - Two molecules of ATP are produced - Two molecules of NAD + are reduced to NADH Triose stage Glucose + 2 ADP
More informationAnswer three from questions 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9.
BCH 4053 May 1, 2003 FINAL EXAM NAME There are 9 pages and 9 questions on the exam. nly five are to be answered, each worth 20 points. Answer two from questions 1, 2, 3, and 4 Answer three from questions
More informationCH 7: Cell Respiration and Fermentation Overview. Concept 7.1: Catabolic pathways yield energy by oxidizing organic fuels
CH 7: Cell Respiration and Fermentation Overview Living cells require energy from outside sources Some animals obtain energy by eating plants, and some animals feed on other organisms Energy flows into
More informationIII. Metabolism Glucose Catabolism Part II
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Lethbridge III. Metabolism Glucose Catabolism Part II Slide 1 Metabolic Fates of NADH and Pyruvate Cartoon: Fate of pyruvate, the product of glycolysis.
More informationTransport. Oxidation. Electron. which the en the ETC and. of NADH an. nd FADH 2 by ation. Both, Phosphorylation. Glycolysis Glucose.
Electron Transport Chain and Oxidation Phosphorylation When one glucose molecule is oxidized to six CO 2 molecules by way of glycolysiss and TCA cycle, considerable amount of energy (ATP) is generated.
More informationPhotosynthesis in chloroplasts. Cellular respiration in mitochondria ATP. ATP powers most cellular work
Light energy ECOSYSTEM CO + H O Photosynthesis in chloroplasts Cellular respiration in mitochondria Organic molecules + O powers most cellular work Heat energy 1 becomes oxidized (loses electron) becomes
More informationCHAPTER 24: Carbohydrate, Lipid, & Protein Metabolism. General, Organic, & Biological Chemistry Janice Gorzynski Smith
CHAPTER 24: Carbohydrate, Lipid, & Protein Metabolism General, Organic, & Biological Chemistry Janice Gorzynski Smith CHAPTER 24: Carbohydrate, Lipid, & Protein Metabolism Learning Objectives: q Role in
More information2. What is molecular oxygen directly converted into? a. Carbon Dioxide b. Water c. Glucose d. None of the Above
Biochem 1 Mock Exam 3 Chapter 11: 1. What is glucose completely oxidized into? a. Carbon Dioxide and Water b. Carbon Dioxide and Oxygen c. Oxygen and Water d. Water and Glycogen 2. What is molecular oxygen
More informationMetabolism. Metabolism. Energy. Metabolism. Energy. Energy 5/22/2016
5//016 Metabolism Metabolism All the biochemical reactions occurring in the body Generating, storing and expending energy ATP Supports body activities Assists in constructing new tissue Metabolism Two
More informationnumber Done by Corrected by Doctor Nayef Karadsheh
number 13 Done by Asma Karameh Corrected by Saad hayek Doctor Nayef Karadsheh Gluconeogenesis This lecture covers gluconeogenesis with aspects of: 1) Introduction to glucose distribution through tissues.
More informationFatty acids synthesis
Fatty acids synthesis The synthesis start from Acetyl COA the first step requires ATP + reducing power NADPH! even though the oxidation and synthesis are different pathways but from chemical part of view
More informationName: Chem 351 Exam 3
Multiple hoice: Pick the BEST answer and write it in the box at the end of the section. 1) The TA (Krebs) ycle depends on oxygen availability, though it does not directly use it. How can you best explain
More informationCh 9: Cellular Respiration
Ch 9: Cellular Respiration Cellular Respiration An overview Exergonic reactions and catabolic pathway Energy stored in bonds of food molecules is transferred to ATP Cellular respiration provides the energy
More informationCHE 242 Exam 3 Practice Questions
CHE 242 Exam 3 Practice Questions Glucose metabolism 1. Below is depicted glucose catabolism. Indicate on the pathways the following: A) which reaction(s) of glycolysis are irreversible B) where energy
More informationCellular Respiration Stage 1: Glycolysis
Cellular Respiration Stage 1: Glycolysis 2007-2008 What s the point? The point is to make! 2007-2008 Glycolysis Breaking down glucose glyco lysis (splitting sugar) glucose pyruvate 6C 2x 3C In the cytosol?
More informationMITOCHONDRIA LECTURES OVERVIEW
1 MITOCHONDRIA LECTURES OVERVIEW A. MITOCHONDRIA LECTURES OVERVIEW Mitochondrial Structure The arrangement of membranes: distinct inner and outer membranes, The location of ATPase, DNA and ribosomes The
More informationCellular Respiration- -conversion of stored energy in glucose to usable energy for the cell -energy in cells is stored in the form of ATP
Cellular Respiration Notes Chapter 7 How Cells Make ATP Energy Releasing Pathways Cellular Respiration- -conversion of stored energy in glucose to usable energy for the cell -energy in cells is stored
More informationBIO 311C Spring Lecture 27 Monday 5 Apr. 1
BIO 311C Spring 2010 Lecture 27 Monday 5 Apr. 1 Review Metabolic Pathways and Processes that Participate in Respiration - Glycolysis Occurs in the cytoplasmic matrix - Pyruvate dehydrogenase - Krebs Cycle
More informationHow Cells Release Chemical Energy. Chapter 7
How Cells Release Chemical Energy Chapter 7 7.1 Overview of Carbohydrate Breakdown Pathways All organisms (including photoautotrophs) convert chemical energy of organic compounds to chemical energy of
More informationHow Cells Release Chemical Energy. Chapter 8
How Cells Release Chemical Energy Chapter 8 Impacts, Issues: When Mitochondria Spin Their Wheels More than forty disorders related to defective mitochondria are known (such as Friedreich s ataxia); many
More informationWhat is Glycolysis? Breaking down glucose: glyco lysis (splitting sugar)
What is Glycolysis? Breaking down glucose: glyco lysis (splitting sugar) Most ancient form of energy capture. Starting point for all cellular respiration. Inefficient: generates only 2 ATP for every 1
More informationBIOLOGY - CLUTCH CH.9 - RESPIRATION.
!! www.clutchprep.com CONCEPT: REDOX REACTIONS Redox reaction a chemical reaction that involves the transfer of electrons from one atom to another Oxidation loss of electrons Reduction gain of electrons
More informationPage 2 (out of 16) Page 3 (out of 12) Page 4 (out of 12) Page 5 (out of 16) Page 6 (out of 16) Page 7 (out of 13) Page 8 (out of 13)
Fa14%BIBC102%final,%page% 1%! Hello Non-Minion Metabolites! This test will be collected for grading. The graded exams will be available for pickup sometime next week. Stay tuned. The key will be posted
More informationDr. Nafeth Abu-Tarbou sh Introduction to Biochemist ry 15/08/2014 Sec 1,2, 3 Sheet #21 P a g e 1 Written by Baha Aldeen Alshraideh
P a g e 1 Enzyme Kinetics Vmax: The Maximal rate - The rate of reaction when the enzyme is saturated with substrate. -You can calculate it by the following equation: Vmax = k2 [E] T [E]T :Total enzyme
More informationBIOLOGY. Cellular Respiration and Fermentation CAMPBELL. Photosynthesis in chloroplasts. Light energy ECOSYSTEM. Organic molecules CO 2 + H 2 O
9 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation CAMPBELL BIOLOGY TENTH EDITION Reece Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick Figure 9.1 Figure 9.2
More informationTutorial 27: Metabolism, Krebs Cycle and the Electron Transport Chain
Tutorial 27: Metabolism, Krebs Cycle and the Electron Transport Chain Goals: To be able to describe the overall catabolic pathways for food molecules. To understand what bonds are hydrolyzed in the digestion
More informationYield of energy from glucose
Paper : Module : 05 Yield of Energy from Glucose Principal Investigator, Paper Coordinator and Content Writer Prof. Ramesh Kothari, Professor Dept. of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot - 360005
More informationMULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Respiration Practice Name MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Which of the following statements describes NAD+? A) NAD+ can donate
More informationCellular Respiration
Cellular I can describe cellular respiration Cellular respiration is a series of metabolic pathways releasing energy from a foodstuff e.g. glucose. This yields energy in the form of ATP adenosine P i P
More informationATP ATP. Cellular Respiration Harvesting Chemical Energy. The point is to make ATP!
ellular Respiration Harvesting hemical Energy 1 The point is to make! 2 Harvesting stored energy Energy is stored in organic molecules carbohydrates, fats, proteins Heterotrophs eat these organic molecules
More informationIntroduction. Living is work. To perform their many tasks, cells must bring in energy from outside sources.
Introduction Living is work. To perform their many tasks, cells must bring in energy from outside sources. In most ecosystems, energy enters as sunlight. Light energy trapped in organic molecules is available
More information2. What are the products of cellular respiration? Include all forms of energy that are products.
Name Per Cellular Respiration An Overview Why Respire Anyhoo? Because bucko all cells need usable chemical energy to do work. The methods cells use to convert glucose into ATP vary depending on the availability
More informationCellular Respiration and Fermentation
CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS URRY CAIN WASSERMAN MINORSKY REECE 7 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Lecture Presentations by Kathleen Fitzpatrick and Nicole Tunbridge, Simon Fraser University SECOND EDITION
More informationCellular Respiration and Fermentation
CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS URRY CAIN WASSERMAN MINORSKY REECE 7 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Lecture Presentations by Kathleen Fitzpatrick and Nicole Tunbridge, Simon Fraser University SECOND EDITION
More information3.7.1 Define cell respiration [Cell respiration is the controlled release of energy from organic compounds in cells to form ATP]
3.7 Cell respiration ( Chapter 9 in Campbell's book) 3.7.1 Define cell respiration [Cell respiration is the controlled release of energy from organic compounds in cells to form ATP] Organic compounds store
More informationGluconeogenesis. Gluconeogenesis / TCA 11/12/2009. Free energy changes in glycolysis 11/13/2009
Gluconeogenesis Gluconeogenesis / TCA 11/12/2009 Gluconeogenesis is the process whereby precursors such as lactate, pyruvate, glycerol, and amino acids are converted to glucose. Fasting requires all the
More information