Swine Liquid Feeding Research Update: Phase II year 3/5. J. Zhu, D. Wey, M. Rudar and C. de Lange

Transcription

1 Swine Liquid Feeding Research Update: Phase II year 3/5 J. Zhu, D. Wey, M. Rudar and C. de Lange Swine Liquid Feeding Association; February 22, 2011

2 Swine Liquid Feeding Research: Phase II ( ) Research objectives: 1. Increase usage and nutritional value of co-products by manipulating dietary electrolyte balance & use enzymes or bacteria, aimed at reducing feed costs 2. Explore physical aspects of liquid feed delivery to enhance feed intake, gut health & development, and to increase efficiency of nutrient use 3. Quantify overall energy usage, impact on the environment, pork meat quality and gut health associated with liquid feeding co-products 4. Extend the positive effects of liquid feeding to conventional dry feeding systems

3 Sponsors - Research Phase II Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Ontario Pork OMAFRA & Univ. of Guelph Research Partnership Program AB Vista Feed Ingredients / AB Agri Big Dutchman Pig Equipment Casco Inc. / Corn Products International Nutreco Canada Inc / Shurgain Chr. Hansen Animal Health & Nutrition Lallemand / Institute Rosell Great Lakes Nutrition Agribrands Purina Canada Inc. Furst McNess Grand Valley Fortifiers Daco Animal Nutrition B.S.C. Nutrition Dwyer Manufacturing Ltd. Please consider these generous supporters

4 Today s topics Emulsifying properties of CDS and CSW in highmoisture corn based diets short & in progress Genetic engineering of microbial inoculants delivery of epidermal growth factors short & in progress Increasing nutritional value of dry co-products in vitro and in vivo results

5 I. Emulsifiers for liquid feed (High-moisture) corn based liquid feeds separate very quickly: Concerns about feed homogeneity Considerable energy required to mix and pump the liquid feed Some emulsifiers and emulsifying feed ingredients are already used, but have not been assessed very carefully: Differences between products? What about corn distillers solubles (CDS) and corn steep water (CSW)?

6 Rapid separation of Corn + SBM from minerals and water Control

7 0.1 % Xanthan gum 0.2 % Xanthan gum 0.3 % Xanthan gum Control Added gums reduce rate of feed separation Xanthum gum > Guar Gum > Arbocell What about co-products such as CDS and CSW and energy cost of pumping feed? separation test is not effective

8 Viscosity test rheometer Adjusted by Dr. Lencki Food Technology Centre at the University of Guelph Liquid feed is placed between two plates that are controlled by a motor: Plates rotate in opposite directions at increasing speeds (shear rate) Resistance of the plates to rotating corresponds to the viscosity of the liquid feed: more viscous implies better suspension of feed particles

9 Viscosity (Pas) Viscosity of corn distillers solubles (CDS) and corn steep water (CSW) mixed with ground corn CDS CSW Corn + 15% CDS Corn + 10% CSW Shear Rate (1/s) 20 o C

10 Conclusions viscosity studies When mixed with ground corn, CDS has a higher viscosity than CSW; CDS better maintains corn particles in suspension in liquid feeds Next study: determine the impact of mixing ground high-moisture corn with CDS or CSW on energy requirements to mix liquid feeds

11 II. Microbes for delivery of epidermal growth factor (EGF) Post-weaning growth lag can be attributed in part to withdrawal of milk which contains bio-active proteins that protect and stimulate gut development A key bio-active protein is EGF: Available in purified form, shown to be effective when fed to piglets, very expensive Genes controlling production of EGF has been isolated and included in probiotic bacteria (Dr. Li; Univ of Guelph)

12 % increase in Body weight Lactococcus lactis (LL) - engineered to express epidermal growth factor (EGF): enhances growth of mice a a b b Control LL Pure EGF LL + EGF Newly weaned MICE; twice daily oral dosing 0.75 x 10 9 CFU of LL or LL-EGF, PBS for control and EGF, 50 ug/kg of pure EGH (U of Guelph; Cheung et al.; 2009)

13 V illous H eight in Jejunum (um ) V illou s H eigh t in D uodenum (um ) Microbial delivery of EGF: improved gut development in newly weaned pigs 750 a a b a Control EV-LL EGF-LL EGF a b b b First attempt to demonstrate effectiveness in newly weaned pigs failed We ll try again 0 Control EV-LL EGF-LL EGF

14 III. Increasing nutritional value of co-products Previously we have shown higher effectiveness of phytase in liquid feeding than in dry feeding Focus on DDGS and Wheat shorts substantial opportunities for improvements Organic matter utilization in pigs Corn Shorts DDGS Digestible Undigestible

15 Increasing nutritional value of dry co-products Main indigestible nutrient is fiber Main Organic Nutrients Fiber Starch Fat Protein Corn Shorts DDGS

16 Increasing nutritional value of dry co-products Approach: In the lab, conduct (in vitro) studies to explore use of enzymes and microbial inoculants to enhance digestibility of shorts and DDGS Test a limited number of effective combinations of enzymes and of enzymes + microbial inoculants in pig performance studies

17 Response to enzymes in DDGS Total sugar release (mg/ml) Added enzyme (% of DDGS) Glucanase Xylanase

18 Within treatment CV <6%; all treatment means differ Response to enzymes in DDGS and shorts Total sugar release (mg/ml) % 0.45% Added Glucanase + Xylanase (% of ingredient) DDGS Shorts

19 Synergistic effect of enzymes and inoculants added to DDGS

20 Two finishing pig performance studies 30% of diet DM is steeped DDGS Four treatments: DDGS (control) DDGS + enzymes (blend of xylanase and glucanase) DDGS + inoculants (prod. A in exp. 1; prod. B in Exp. 2) DDGS + enzymes + inoculants Common 70% supplement for all four treatments Appearance of organic acids in steeped DDGS Nutrient digestibility, growth performance (66 to 118 kg) & carcass quality (384 pigs; 12 pigs/pen) Response to treatments similar in Exp. 1 & 2

21 Lactic acid in liquid, % Both enzymes (P<0.01) and inoculants (P<0.01) increase lactic acid content of steeped DDGS: effects are additive Control +Enz +Inoc +Enz+Inoc

22 Acid in liquid, % Combining enzymes and inoculants stimulates favourable fermentation: enzymes alone yield (too) much acetic acid Lactic Acetic Control +Enz +Inoc +Enz+Inoc

23 BW gain, kg/d Both enzymes (P<0.01) and inoculants (P<0.01) improve BW gain of finishing pigs fed steeped DDGS (no interactive effect; P>0.10) Control +Enz +Inoc +Enz+Inoc

24 Enzymes (P<0.05; only in one Exp.) but not inoculants (P>0.10) improve feed:gain (DM basis) of finishing pigs fed steeped DDGS (no interactive effect; P>0.10) Feed:gain, kg/kg Exp. 1 Exp. 2 Control +Enz +Inoc +Enz+Inoc

25 mm Both enzymes and inoculants do not impact carcass quality of finishing pigs fed steeped DDGS (no interactive effect; P>0.10) fat depth loin depth Control +Enz +Inoc +Enz+Inoc

26 Enhancing nutritional value of dry co-products Main findings: In the lab: Fiber degrading enzymes (xylanase & glucanase) increase nutrient release from DDGS and wheat shorts Beneficial effects of combining enzymes with microbial inoculants when steeping DDGS In finishing pig performance studies: Both enzymes and microbial inoculants promote positive fermentation (lactic acid) of steeped DDGS; better when used in combination Both enzymes and microbial inoculants improve BW gains when feeding steeped DDGS, without compromising carcass quality Next steps: More detailed evaluation

27 Summary & key points Opportunity to enhance handling of corn containing liquid diets with CDS: maintenance of suspension; energy cost of mixing and pumping Use of probiotics that produce epidermal growth factor (EGF) appears promising, but was not confirmed in a weaner pig performance study Steeping of dry co-products with enzymes and microbial inoculants presents substantial opportunity to increase nutritional values of coproducts

28 Sponsors - Research Phase II Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Ontario Pork OMAFRA & Univ. of Guelph Research Partnership Program AB Vista Feed Ingredients / AB Agri Big Dutchman Pig Equipment Casco Inc. / Corn Products International Nutreco Canada Inc / Shurgain Chr. Hansen Animal Health & Nutrition Lallemand / Institute Rosell Great Lakes Nutrition Agribrands Purina Canada Inc. Furst McNess Grand Valley Fortifiers Daco Animal Nutrition B.S.C. Nutrition Dwyer Manufacturing Ltd.