Anxiety, Stress and Health Disorders. Mr. Mattingly Abnormal Psychology
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1 Anxiety, Stress and Health Disorders Mr. Mattingly Abnormal Psychology
2 What is Anxiety? Anxiety = state of apprehension, tension or worry AKA: Fearful Behavior Distinction: Adaptive Fear vs. Maladaptive Anxiety Anxious is present or leads to many other disorders Freud s Viewpoint: Neurosis Neurosis = anxiety aroused by unconscious conflict or defense mechanisms Psychosis = state involving a loss of contact with reality Anxiety Disorder Forms: Phobias Panic Disorders Obsessive Compulsive (OCD) Generalized Anxiety Disorders (GAD)
3 Video Clip: Afraid of Balloons
4 Phobia: Intense, Irrational & Persistent Fear Agoraphobia = fear crowded places or enclosed places Greek: Fear of the Marketplace Afraid or Embarrassed of a Potential Emergency Emergency is a Panic Attack Specific Phobias = fear objects, places or situations Most popular conception: Animal (U.S. Most Common: Snake) Natural Environment (Ex: Storms or Heights) Situational (Ex: Tunnels, Bridges, Flying) Blood-Injury-Injection (Ex: seeing blood) Social Phobias = fear of being judged or embarrassed by others Most Common: Public Speaking Most likely to develop during preschool or adolescents
5 Movie Clip: Indiana Jones & Snakes
6 Video Clip: Extreme Animal Phobia
7 Dr. Phil: Blood-Injury-Injection Phobia
8 Phobias: Theories and Treatments Biological Theory: Amygdala (brain) & Fight or Flight Response Biological: Benzodiazepines and Anti-Anxiety Medication Fear of Flying: Valium or Alcohol Behaviorism Theories: Classical Conditioning (Watson s Little Albert Experiment) Bandura s Observational Learning (Kids and Spiders) Behaviorism Treatments: Systematic Desensitization = gradually expose (visualize to touch) Modeling = show proper behavior Flooding = intense expose (Ex: Claustrophobia - locked in closet) Cognitive Approach: Social Phobias (Standards & Expectations) Cognitive-Behavior Therapy: Group Sessions for Social Phobias Self-Efficacy Expectations - I can do
9 Video Clip: Fight or Flight Response
10 Keynote Design: Top 10 Phobias Goal #1: Use the internet to research 10 different phobias. Goal #2: Design a keynote on the 10 most interesting phobias. Keynote Format Directions: Use Template 11 Slides (1 Title + 10 Phobias) Large Background Image Definition of the Phobia Category of the Phobia Three Facts Related to the Phobia
11 Arachnophobia: Arachnophobia = fear spiders Phobia Category: Specific (Animal) Spider Facts: Fact #1 Fact #2 Fact #3
12 Panic Attacks vs. Panic Disorders: Panic Attack = short but tense periods of anxiety Triggered by a certain situation (Ex: Phobia or Exam Week) Symptoms of Panic Attacks: Pounding Heartbeat / Trembling / Sweats / Choking Feeling Dizzy / Upset Stomach / Chills / Hot Flashes / Chest Pain / Fear of Dying Panic Disorder = panic attacks are common occurrence w/o reason Worry about attacks and change behavior as result of worrying People with Panic Disorders: Feel they have life-threatening illnesses May seek frequent medical attention Commonly Developed: Adolescence - Mid Thirties
13 Movie Clip: Panic Attack (Matchstick Men)
14 Panic Disorders: Theories & Treatments Biological Theories: Abnormality in the Locus Ceruleus Locus Ceruleus = area of the brain stem involved w/ emergency responses The Cognitive Model: People Prone... Pay close attention to body sensations Misinterpret bodily sensations Snowballing of catastrophic thinking Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy: Confront the situation (Admit... ) First: Teach Relaxation and Breathing Exercises Second: Identify anxiety conditions Third: Use exercises while experiencing symptoms Fourth: Challenge their thought about senses Fifth: Use Systematic Desensitization Biological Resort: Antidepressants & Benzodiazepines
15 Big Bang Theory Clip: Locus Ceruleus
16 Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD): Obsessions = thoughts, images, or impulses that are persistent Intrude on consciousness w/o control Compulsions = repetitive behaviors one feels they must perform OCD = experience anxiety if one can t carry out compulsions Not considered psychotic Aware of how irrational their thoughts and behavior Common Obsessions: Dirt, Contamination, Germs Aggression / Hurtful Behavior Sexual / Pornographic Checking Patterns or Sequences
17 Video Clip: Marc Summers & OCD
18 Video Clip: Howie Mandel & OCD
19 OCD Theories & Treatments: Biological Field: Dysfunction of brain circuits controlling impulses Benzos were not useful in most cases Unlike other anxiety disorders Serotonin Enhancers (Prozac) Serotonin = neurotransmitter that regulates mood and impulses Cognitive-Behavior Field: Inability to turn off negative, intrusive thoughts Focus on the obsession / Limit the compulsiveness Then model the correct behavior No therapy has completely eliminated compulsive behavior
20 Video Clip: As Good As It Gets 0-14:00 Minutes / 25:45-48:25
21 Generalized Anxiety Disorders (GAD): GAD = disorder characterized by chronic anxiety with daily life Lasts longer than other anxiety disorders Three Typical Worries: Job Performance Relationships Health Associate their stress with something they think makes sense (knife) Freud s Types of Anxiety: Realistic Anxiety = face a real danger or threat (Ex: Oncoming Tornado) Neurotic Anxiety = repeatedly prevented from expressing our id Moral Anxiety = punishment from expressing or acting on our id
22 GAD Theories & Treatments: Cognitive Theories: Maladaptive Assumptions Bad assumptions cause a negative response to automatic thoughts Pessimistic Mindset: I m going to fail this test. Humanistic Theories: Conditions of Worth = set harsh self standards Biological Theories: Neurotransmitter: Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) GABA = carry inhibiting messages from neuron to neuron (blockers) Most Effective: Cognitive-Behavioral over Biological Therapy Too many side effects, relapses and dependency issues It can be difficult to confront the anxiety issue
23 Movie Review: The Aviator
24 Quiz Time: Anxiety Quiz #1
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Seek, Test, Treat and Retain for Vulnerable Populations: Measure MENTAL HEALTH Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) Reference: Radloff, L.S. (1977). The CES-D Scale: a self-report