Progress in Pediatric Surgery

Transcription

1

2 Progress in Pediatric Surgery Volume 20 Executive Editors W.Ch.Hecker. J.Prevot. L.Spitz U. G. Stauffer. P. Wurnig Senior Editor P. P. Rickham Editors A. H. Bill, Seattle/USA J. Boix-Ochoa, Barcelona C. C. Ferguson, Winnipeg R. K. Ghandi, Bombay. S. L. Gans, Los Angeles J. A. Haller, Baltimore M. Kasai, Sendai O. Knutrud, Oslo J. Lister, Liverpool N.A.Myers, Melbourne Assistant Editor T. A. Angerpointner, Munich

3 Historical Aspects of Pediatric Surgery Volume Editor P. P. Rickham, Zurich With 119 Figures Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo

4 Professor Dr. P. P. RICKHAM, M.D., M.S., F.R.C.S., F.R.C.S.I., F.R.A.C.S., D.C.H., F.A.A.P. U niversitats-kinderklinik Chirurgische Abteilung SteinwiesstraBe 75 CH Zurich Volumes 1-17 of this series were published by Urban & Schwarzenberg, Baltimore-Munich ISBN-13: e-isbn-13: DOl: / Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data. Historical aspects of pediatric surgery. (Progress in pediatric surgery; v. 20). Includes index. 1. Children - Surgery - History. I. Rickham, P. P. (Peter Paul) II. Series. [DNLM: 1. Surgery - history. 2. Surgery - in infancy & childhood. WI PR677KA v. 20 / WO 925 H673] RD137.AIP7 vol '.98 s [617'.9809] ISBN (U.S.) This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically those of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, broadcasting, reproduction by photocopying machine or similar means, and storage in data banks. Under 54 of the German Copyright Law where copies are made for other than private use, a fee is payable to "Verwertungsgesellschaft Wort", Munich. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1986 Softcover reprint ofthe hardcover 1st edition 1986 The use ofregistered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Product liability: The publisher can give no guarantee for information about drug dosage and application thereof contained in this book. In every individual case the respective user must check its accuracy by consulting other pharmaceutical literature. 2123/

5 Preface At first sight it may appear strange that a volume of Progress in Pediatric Surgery should be devoted to the history of our specialty. One assumes that progress is concerned primarily with recent developments whilst history deals with matters of the past. However, in the past there has also been considerable progress in the development of our understanding of paediatric surgical problems, otherwise we would not have progressed to our present achievements. The editors, therefore, do not apologize for compiling this volume but, on the contrary, feel that the publication of this volume is most timely. Modern paediatric surgery has now been practised for three generations. The handful of pioneers who were the founders of our specialty worked mainly before the last world war. A few dozen of the intermediary generation started work immediately after the war, while the new generation who are now dominating our specialty must be counted in thousands. Two factors have radically altered paediatric surgery as practised by the intermediary and the present generation of surgeons. Firstly, there has been an enormous increase in the number of men and women working in our specialty, resulting in a drastic reduction in the number of patients seen by each surgeon. Secondly, the fact that whilst practically every problem studied by the surgeons of the intermediary generation was new and unknown, most of these problems have now been largely solved. The new generation of paediatric surgeons is thus confronted with a well-studied subject, and progress will only be achieved in relatively small, well-defined areas. This lies in the nature of progress of a surgical specialty. The change, however, calls for a different attitude towards progress. The pioneering spirit which was still so dominant in the intermediary generation has, I believe, somewhat abated, and painstaking, detailed research has taken its place. The modern paediatric surgeon, being two generations removed from the beginning of his specialty, has not had the same knowledge of these beginnings as surgeons of my, the intermediary generation. He is, however, aware of the fact that the enormous development of our specialty during the last fourty years was to a large extent brought about by improvement in techniques and materials rather than by the quality of the surgeons. In addition, the establishment of paediatric surgery as a specialty in its own rights has stimulated the interest into the roots of our specialty.

6 VI Preface It is not accidental that the World Association of Paediatric Surgeons and the British Association of Paediatric Surgeons have both this year established a study group for historical questions. This volume was planned in order to further stimulate these interests. In previous volumes we have occasionally published historical contributions, for instance, on malformations of the anus and rectum. In the present volume we do not attempt to provide the reader with a complete history of paediatric surgery. This is a volume in a specialised series, not a textbook, and we have included articles on a variety of historical subjects. These are broadly divided into four sections: firstly, biographical sketches of some of the most important pioneers of the first generation of paediatric surgeons; secondly, brief accounts of the development of paediatric surgery in some countries or institutions; thirdly, biographies of some of our predecessors of the dim distant past; and fourthly, and perhaps most important, descriptions of the progress in our understanding of the pathophysiology of certain malformations and the improvements in treatment. Research in these historical subjects is time-consuming and necessitates working through a large volume of relevant and irrelevant literature. It is, therefore, a source of pride that so many authors have submitted their contributions to this volume. This will be the last volume which I personally edit, and it gives me great pleasure to present the reader with a sample of the history of our great past which will, I hope, lead to an even better future. P. P. RICKHAM, Zurich

7 Contents The History of Pediatric Surgery in Germany. W. C. Hecker. With 5 Figures... 1 The History of Pediatric Surgery in France. J. Pn!vot. With 12 Figures Years of Pediatric Surgery in Stockholm, with Personal Memories from the Last 50 Years. T. Ehrenpreis. With 6 Figures The Cradle of Pediatric Surgery. D. Anagnostopoulos and D. Pellerin 34 Pediatric Surgery in Islamic Medicine from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance. C. A. Montagnani. With 7 Figures WILLIAM E. LADD. M.D.: Great Pioneer of North American Pediatric Surgery. H. Bill. With 1 Figure DENIS BROWNE: COLLEAGUE ( ). J.Crooks t. With 1 Figure 60 DENIS BROWNE: SURGEON. P. P. Rickham ROBERT E. GROSS. H. W. Clatworthy. With 2 Figures 76 MAx GROB ( ). U. G. Stauffer. With 1 Figure 85 The Dawn of Paediatric Surgery: JOHANNES FATIO - His Life, His Work and His Horrible End. P. P. Rickham. With 6 Figures The History of Oesophageal Atresia and Tracheo-Oesophageal Fistula N.A.Myers Historical Aspects of Hydrocephalus. E. Ring-Mrozik and T. A. Angerpointner. With 9 Figures The History of Colostomy in Childhood. A. F. Schiirli. With 10 Figures Hirschsprung's Disease: An Historical Review. D. Cass Club-foot Through the Centuries. E. H. Strach. With 14 Figures 215 The History of Treatment of Cleft Lip and Palate. M. Perko. With 15 Figures

8 VIII Contents Professor Bochdalek and His Hernia: Then and Now. J.A.Haller, Jr Paediatric Urology 1000 Years Ago. R.E.Abdel-Halim. With 4 Figures Sketches of Surgical Cases Drawn in at The East London Hospital for Children, Shadwell. V. A. J. Swain. With 26 Figures 265 Subject Index

9 List of Editors and Contributors Editors Angerpointner, T. A., Dr., Kinderchirurgische Klinik im Dr. von Haunerschen Kinderspital der UniversiHit Munchen, LindwurmstraBe 4, D-8000 Munchen 2 Hecker, W. Ch., Prof. Dr., Kinderchirurgische Klinik im Dr. von Haunerschen Kinderspital der Universitat Munchen, LindwurmstraBe 4, D-8000 Munchen 2 Rickham, P.P., Prof. Dr. M.D., M.S., F.R.C.S., F.R.C.S.I., F.R.A.C.S., D.C.H., F.A.A.P., Universitatskinderklinik, Chirurgische Abteilung, SteinwiesstraBe 75, CH-8032 Zurich Pn!vot, J., Prof., Clinique Chirurgical Pediatrique, H6pital d'enfants de Nancy, F Vandrevre Cedex Spitz, L., Prof., PhD. FRCS, Nuffield Professor of Pediatric Surgery, Institute of Child Health, University of London, Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street, 30 Guilford Street, GB-London WClN leh Stauffer, U. G., Prof. Dr., Universitatskinderklinik, Kinderchirurgische Abteilung, SteinwiesstraBe 75, CH-8032 Zurich Wurnig, P., Prof. Dr., Kinderchirurgische Abteilung des Mautner Markhof'schen Kinderspitals, Baumgasse 75, A-1030 Wien

10 x Contribntors List of Editors and Contributors You will find the adresses at the beginning of the respective contribution Abdel-Halim, R. E. Anagnostopoulos, D. Angerpointner, T. A. Bill, H. 52 Cass, D. 199 Clatworthy, H. W. 76 Crooks, J. 60 Ehrenpreis, T. 17 Haller, J.A., Jr. Hecker, W. Ch Montagnani, C. A Ring-Mrozik, E. 158 Myers, N.A. 106 Pellerin, D. 34 Perko, M. 238 Prevot, J. 9 Rickham, P.P. 69,94 Scbarli, A.F. 188 Stauffer, U. G. 85 Strach, E. H. 215 Swain, V. A.J. 265