The Vote! Winners. $100 Question from Ch 10 11/16/11

Transcription

1 Winners The Vote! a)! Artificial Intelligence b)! Drugs (including alcohol) and Cognition/Perception c)! Sleep and Dreaming d)! Disorders/Man Who Mistook e)! Other (Consciousness, emotion, twins, linguistic relativity)!!! According to the story, four prisoners are arrested for a crime, but the jail is full and the jailer has nowhere to put them. He eventually comes up with the solution of giving them a puzzle so if they succeed they can go free but if they fail they are executed. The jailer puts three of the men sitting in a line. The fourth man is put behind a screen (or in a separate room). He gives all four men party hats (as in diagram). The jailer explains that there are two red and two blue hats. The prisoners can see the hats in front of them but not on themselves or behind. The fourth man behind the screen can't see or be seen by any other prisoner. No "communication" between the prisoners is allowed. Then, prisoner C (see image) either calls out the color of his hat, or says he doesn't know. After this, prisoner B either calls out the color of his hat, or says he doesn't know. Similar for prisoner A. If any of the three prisoners can figure out what colour hat he has on his head all four prisoners go free. 2 The puzzle is to find how the prisoners can escape. $100 Question from Ch 10 What were the Imageless Thought and Imagery debates? 1

2 $100 Answer from Ch 10 Imagery Debate = is imagery similar to perception, or are they actually quite different Imageless Thought Debate = can thought happen without images at all? $200 Question from Ch 10 Perky s experiment in 1910 in which participants imagined items on a screen that, unbeknownst to them, were being projected behind the screen, suggested that. $200 Answer from Ch 10 Visual perception and visual imagery share similar mechanisms, because subjects were unable to tell the difference between what they perceived and what they were imagining 2

3 $300 Question from Ch 10 As compared to physical practice, for some motor tasks, mental practice leads to $300 Answer from Ch 10 Better performance and more generalizable skill $400 Question from Ch 10 Paivio s conceptual peg hypothesis suggested that these types of words were better for making images. 3

4 $400 Answer from Ch 10 Concrete words (vs. abstract ) $500 Question from Ch 10 What design feature of Finke & Pinker s experiment (involving dots and arrows) undermined the tacit knowledge explanation in a way that previous mental imagery experiments couldn t? $500 Answer from Ch 10 It was mental scanning experiment in which participant s couldn t use past experience in the same way as in the case of boats, islands and rabbits 4

5 $100 Question from Ch 11 Define syntax $100 Answer from Ch 11 How words are put together into phrases and sentences. Closely related to grammar $200 Question from Ch 11 What s the difference between linguistic determinism and linguistic relativity? 5

6 $200 Answer from Ch 11 Determinism = language determines thought, language limits thought Relativity = language influences thought $300 Question from Ch 11 What is the interactionist approach to parsing? $300 Answer from Ch 11 Syntax and Semantics processed on the fly, as we are perceiving langauge 6

7 $400 Question from Ch 11 Do color names have an effect on color perception? What perceptual phenomenon is affected? $400 Answer from Ch 11 Yes! Strong effects! Main thing affected, from class Categorical perception $500 Question from Ch 11 What distinguishes human language from other forms of communication? given examples of other forms of communication with some characteristics of language 7

8 $500 Answer from Ch 11 Human language is heirarchichal, arbitrary, and generative $100 Question from Ch 12 If I prepare adequately, then I will do well on tests. What does Modus Ponens tell us, if we take the conditional above to be true? $100 Answer from Ch 12 If the first part (the antecedent) is true, then the second part (the consequent), must also be true 8

9 $200 Question from Ch 12 What s the difference between ill-defined and well-defined problems? $200 Answer from Ch 12 Big problem space, no one right Answer vs. small problem space, Only one or a small set of right answers $300 Question from Ch 12 What s the difference between convergent and divergent thinking? 9

10 $300 Answer from Ch 12 Convergent thinking works for welldefined problems using available to converge on single best solution Divergent thinking more appropriate for ill-defined problems, a.k.a. thinking outside the box. Thinking of every possibly somewhat correct answer to a problem. $400 Question from Ch 12 Describe the differences in the Ways that novices and experts solve problems $400 Answer from Ch 12 Experts faster, better, more efficient, can make decision based on fewer bits of info, experts have more robust domain-relevant representations 10

11 $500 Question from Ch 12 Are formal logical rules the best way to think in the real world? Why or why not? $500 Answer from Ch 12 No! the real-world consists primarily of ill-defined problems, for which heuristic-based problem solving with top-down influence works well. But those formal rules are really good for abstract problems. $100 Question from Themes Perception is, whereas Imagery is. 11

12 $100 Answer from Themes Top-down, bottom-up $200 Question from Themes Behaviorists thought that mental imagery was. $200 Answer from Themes An Epiphenomenon, not worth studying 12

13 $300 Question from Themes Behaviorists thought language was learned $300 Answer from Themes Through conditioning, or simple reinforcement $400 Question from Themes Al Kim s ERP work separating the N400 and P600 offers a between semantics and syntax, whereas the left- and right-hemisphere damaged subjects in the joke study offered a between the two. 13

14 $400 Answer from Themes Neuroimaging/Neuroscientific double dissociation, Neuropsychological double dissociation $500 Question from Themes Name a concept from class that s similar to design fixation, and briefly describe why. $500 Answer from Themes Functional fixedness, innattentional blindness, many more. 14

15 $100 Question from Theory How does the implicit/explicit dichotomy apply to material for this test, either language, visual imagery, or problem solving? $100 Answer from Theory Many possible answers $200 Question from Theory two subsystems of memory, according to dual-coding theory 15

16 $200 Answer from Theory Perceptual and imaginary $300 Question from Theory Describe how mental sets can be useful, and how they can be Detrimental. Give examples. $300 Answer from Theory Many possible answers 16

17 $400 Question from Theory How does language relate to memory and visual imagery? $400 Answer from Theory Many possible answers $500 Question from Theory Describe how language, visual imagery, and problem solving interact 17

18 $500 Answer from Theory Many possible answers Final Jeopardy Draw as many connections between the material for this test and the stuff from Previous tests as you can in 5 minutes. Final Jeopardy Answer Many possible answers 18