Monday, September 8, 14 THEORIES OF

Transcription

1 THEORIES OF

2 Structuralism

3 Wilhelm Wundt Structuralism

4 Structuralism Wilhelm Wundt Discovered basic elements of conscious experience

5 Structuralism Wilhelm Wundt Discovered basic elements of conscious experience Method -- Introspection

6 Structuralism Wilhelm Wundt Discovered basic elements of conscious experience Method -- Introspection Divided into two categories Objective Sensations Sight and taste reflect the outside world Subjective Feelings Emotional responses

7 Functionalism

8 Functionalism William James

9 Functionalism William James Experiences are fluid and continuous

10 Functionalism William James Experiences are fluid and continuous The Principles of Psychology

11 Functionalism William James Experiences are fluid and continuous The Principles of Psychology Studied how mental processes help organisms adapt to their environment

12 Functionalism William James Experiences are fluid and continuous The Principles of Psychology Studied how mental processes help organisms adapt to their environment Introspection and Behavioral Observation

13 Functionalism William James Experiences are fluid and continuous The Principles of Psychology Studied how mental processes help organisms adapt to their environment Introspection and Behavioral Observation Adaptation learned and maintained because successful

14 Functionalism William James Experiences are fluid and continuous The Principles of Psychology Studied how mental processes help organisms adapt to their environment Introspection and Behavioral Observation Adaptation learned and maintained because successful Repeated = Habits

15 Behavioralism

16 John B. Watson Behavioralism

17 Behavioralism John B. Watson Agrees with Functionalists on the importance of learning

18 Behavioralism John B. Watson Agrees with Functionalists on the importance of learning Unscientific to study consciousness because each individual is unique

19 Behavioralism John B. Watson Agrees with Functionalists on the importance of learning Unscientific to study consciousness because each individual is unique For psychology to be a science data must be Observable Measurable

20 B.F. Skinner

21 B.F. Skinner Reinforcement and rewards = repetition

22 B.F. Skinner Reinforcement and rewards = repetition Animals are capable of learning complex behavior patterns

23 B.F. Skinner Reinforcement and rewards = repetition Animals are capable of learning complex behavior patterns People learn like animals

24 Gestalt School

25 Gestalt School Max Wertheimer, Kurt Kaffka, Wolfgang Kohler

26 Gestalt School Max Wertheimer, Kurt Kaffka, Wolfgang Kohler Context affects observations

27 Gestalt School Max Wertheimer, Kurt Kaffka, Wolfgang Kohler Context affects observations Gestalt = shape or form

28 Gestalt School Max Wertheimer, Kurt Kaffka, Wolfgang Kohler Context affects observations Gestalt = shape or form Perceptions are wholes that give shape or meaning to parts

29 Gestalt School Max Wertheimer, Kurt Kaffka, Wolfgang Kohler Context affects observations Gestalt = shape or form Perceptions are wholes that give shape or meaning to parts Experience cannot be broken down into parts

30 Gestalt School Max Wertheimer, Kurt Kaffka, Wolfgang Kohler Context affects observations Gestalt = shape or form Perceptions are wholes that give shape or meaning to parts Experience cannot be broken down into parts Rejects behavioralist notion of focusing on observable behavior

31 Gestalt School Max Wertheimer, Kurt Kaffka, Wolfgang Kohler Context affects observations Gestalt = shape or form Perceptions are wholes that give shape or meaning to parts Experience cannot be broken down into parts Rejects behavioralist notion of focusing on observable behavior Learning is active and purposeful, not mechanical

32 Gestalt School Max Wertheimer, Kurt Kaffka, Wolfgang Kohler Context affects observations Gestalt = shape or form Perceptions are wholes that give shape or meaning to parts Experience cannot be broken down into parts Rejects behavioralist notion of focusing on observable behavior Learning is active and purposeful, not mechanical Learning is accomplished by insight, not repetition

33 Freud s Psychoanalysis

34 Freud s Psychoanalysis Unconscious motives and internal conflicts are important in order to determine human behavior

35 Freud s Psychoanalysis Unconscious motives and internal conflicts are important in order to determine human behavior People are driven by hidden impulses

36 Freud s Psychoanalysis Unconscious motives and internal conflicts are important in order to determine human behavior People are driven by hidden impulses Dreams represent unconscious wishes

37 Freud s Psychoanalysis Unconscious motives and internal conflicts are important in order to determine human behavior People are driven by hidden impulses Dreams represent unconscious wishes Consultation with patients

38 Freud s Psychoanalysis Unconscious motives and internal conflicts are important in order to determine human behavior People are driven by hidden impulses Dreams represent unconscious wishes Consultation with patients Sexual and aggressive urges are more important than conscious experiences in feelings and behavior

39 Freud s Psychoanalysis Unconscious motives and internal conflicts are important in order to determine human behavior People are driven by hidden impulses Dreams represent unconscious wishes Consultation with patients Sexual and aggressive urges are more important than conscious experiences in feelings and behavior People seek to satisfy their impulses