Chapter 17 TREATMENT: PSYCHOTHERAPY

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1 Chapter 17 TREATMENT: PSYCHOTHERAPY

2 Treatment Used to be Abnormal behavior = institutionalization Now Drugs and Therapy = deinstitutionalization

3 Psychotherapy An interaction between a trained therapist and someone suffering from psychological difficulties.

4 Eclectic Approach The most popular form of therapy-it is basically a smorgasbord where the therapist combines techniques from different schools of psychology.

5 Psychoanalysis Freud s therapy Use of Free Association, Hypnosis, and Dream Interpretation to gain insight into the client s unconscious

6 Psychoanalytic methods Psychotherapists use their techniques to overcome resistanceby the client. The psychoanalyst wants you to become aware of the resistance and together interpret (ex. Latent content) it s underlying meaning.

7 Transference In psychoanalysis, the patient s transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships The patient projects feeling from the past to the therapist.

8 Humanistic Therapy Carl Rogers Therapy Focuses: Self-actualization Present and Future (not past) Conscious thoughts (not unconscious) Take responsibility for actions (don t blame childhood anxieties)

9 Humanistic Therapy Client (Person) Centered Therapy Uses active listening skills Echo Restate Clarify Show Unconditional Positive Regard through Genuineness Acceptance Empathy Therapist listens without interpreting and does not direct the client (patient) to any particular insight.

10 Behavior Therapy Applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors Behaviors are problem so change behavior (don t look for cause of the disorder) Uses CLASSICAL and OPERANT conditioning

11 Classical Conditioning Techniques COUNTERCONDITIONING: behavioral therapy that conditions new responses to stimuli that trigger unwanted behaviors. Two Types:

12 Systematic Desensitization Associates a pleasant, relaxed state with gradually increasing, anxiety-triggering stimuli Usually phobias can be for OCD Progressive Relaxation Exposure Therapy Flooding

13 Aversive Conditioning A type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state with an unwanted behavior What are some ways you can change the behaviors of your friends with aversive conditioning?

14 Operant Conditioning Token Economy: reward (privileges or treats) for a desired behavior

15 Cognitive Therapy Change the way we view the world (change our schemas) Thoughts intervene between events and emotional reactions Aaron Beck Depressed people similar view of world Use CT to take off dark sunglasses in which they view their surroundings

16 Cognitive Therapy- Does It Work?

17 Group Therapy Therapist works with a number of patients at one time 6-10ish people Cognitive, behavior, and humanistic therapists all can lead group therapies. Can you think of any advantages or disadvantages?

18 Advantage of Group Therapy Therapists can help more than one person at a time. Overall session cost is lower. Patients interact with others having the same problems as they have. Builds a sense of community

19 Family Therapy Therapy that treats the family as a system Views the patient s problems as influenced by or directed at family members Attempts to guide the family toward positive relationships and improved communication

20 Studies on Psychotherapy Studies researching the effectiveness of psychotherapy have found: Clients believe therapy is effective. Clinicians believe therapy is effective. Researchers are still debating psychotherapy s effectiveness. The more clear cut the problem, the more effective the therapy is. No one therapy is absolutely more effective than the others.