SAMPLE. Social Psychology. Explanations of Obedience.

Transcription

1 Social Psychology Explanations of Obedience

2 tutor2u Full Lesson PowerPoint This tutor2u Full Lesson PowerPoint is copyrighted and may not be reproduced or shared without permission from the author. All images are sourced under licence from Shutterstock andmay notbereusedorrepublished. Full Lesson PowerPoint Key Green = Key Word or Researcher Blue = Question / Discussion Purple = Task / Activity

3 Asch s Variations Recap Task: Without looking at your handout from last lesson, can you remember the % for each of the variations to Asch s study.

4 Variation Group Size: 1 Confederate Lower (3%) Group Size: 2 Confederates Lower (12.8%) Group Size: 3 Confederates Remained the same (32%) Group Size: 15 Confederates Lower (29%) Historical Context/Expertise: Perrin & Spencer (1981) 0.25% Culture: Meta-analysis by Smith & Bond - Fiji 58% Culture: Meta-analysis by Smith & Bond - Belgium 15% Unanimity Where one of the confederates gave the correct answer throughout. Unanimity Where one of the confederates gave a differentincorrect answerto the majority. Task Difficulty Where the task was made significantly more difficult, by making the different between the line lengths significantly smaller. 5% 9% Increased. Overall conformity on critical trials (higher/lower) and % (if applicable)

5 Variation Group Size: 1 Confederate Lower (3%) Group Size: 2 Confederates Lower (12.8%) Group Size: 3 Confederates Remained the same (32%) Group Size: 15 Confederates Lower (29%) Historical Context/Expertise: Perrin & Spencer (1981) 0.25% Culture: Meta-analysis by Smith & Bond - Fiji 58% Culture: Meta-analysis by Smith & Bond - Belgium 15% Unanimity Where one of the confederates gave the correct answer throughout. Unanimity Where one of the confederates gave a differentincorrect answerto the majority. Task Difficulty Where the task was made significantly more difficult, by making the different between the line lengths significantly smaller. 5% 9% Increased. Overall conformity on critical trials (higher/lower) and % (if applicable)

6 Social Psychology Task 1: Complete the following tasks, in THIS order: 1. Draw a picture that represents the Asch line study and write as MANY facts as you can about Asch s study around your picture. 2. Now fold your picture in half. 3. Now fold your paper in half again. 4. Now scrunch it into a tight ball. 5. Now AIM to get it in the bin *If you miss you ll have to pick it up. Now let s start today s lesson

7 Social Psychology Question: What do you think the point of that task was? Question: Why did you follow my instructions? Question: Why do you think people obey orders from others, especially when those orders are unjust/unfair.

8 Situational vs Dispositional Attribution Question: What do you think we mean by the following Situational Attribution Inferring (suggesting) that a person s behaviour is caused by something about the situation they are in Question: Did you follow my instructions because of the situation you were in, or because of your personality Dispositional Attribution Inferring (suggesting) that the reason for a person s behaviour is something about themselves, such as their personality

9 Social Psychology Obedience

10 Obedience Lesson Objectives: To outline the aim, method, results and conclusion of Milgram s (1963) research into obedience. To evaluate Milgram s (1963) research with reference to ethical guidelines.

11 Milgram (1963)

12 Milgram (1963) Task: You will each be given a card which details part of Milgram s (1963) research (the aim, method, results, conclusion and evaluation). Your task is to arrange yourself into the correct order, to outline Milgram s study. You only have 5 minutes If you don t have a card, your role is to organise the group. 5 Minutes

13 Give Me 100 Task: Summarise the aim, method, results and conclusion of Milgram s study in EXACTLY 100 words. No more, no less. EXACTLY 100 words. Use the follow key words to help you Obey (obedience) 300 volts Confederates 450 volts Electric shock Volunteer sample Verbal prompt 65% 100% 40 male participants 5 Minutes

14 Here s One I Made Earlier Aim: Milgram aimed to investigate whether ordinary Americans would obey unjust orders and inflict pain on another person. Method: 40 male volunteers took part in an experiment on learning and punishment. The real participants were paired with a confederate and told to teach the learner (confederate) word pairs. Each time the learner got an answer wrong, they had to administer an electric shock of increasing voltage. If the real participant tried to stop, the experimenter provided a verbal prod to continue. Results & Conclusion: Everyone administered 300 volts and 65% administered the full 450 volts, showing that nearly all people will obey an unjust order.

15 Evaluating Milgram (1963) Task: Use the mind map on your handout to detail different evaluation points (strengths / weaknesses) for the Milgram experiment. Milgram (1963) Biasedall male sample = lacks population validity

16 Evaluating Milgram (1963) Task: Select one strength and one weakness from your mind map and write two PEE paragraphs. Make sure the evidence is LINKED to Milgram s experiment. 8 Minutes

17 For Example Point Evidence/ Example Explain THE TOP BUN: One strength of Milgram s study is that it has high internal validity. THE MEAT: Milgram deceived his participants to see if they would obey an authority figure and his results showed that 100% reached 300 volts out of 450. OR Milgram s procedure used a covert observation to see THE BOTTOM BUN: This matters because

18 Feedback Task: Be ready to read out your evaluation paragraphs. As you listen to one another, think about what was effective and what could have been improved

19 Consider the following Question: Imagine you are working at John Lewis or Waitrose and you receive a call from the police. The policeman asks you to detain (hold onto) a customer who is suspected of shop lifting. Would you following his instructions? If yes, why? If not, why would you disobey an order from a policeman? Now imagine, the policeman asks you to strip search the customer would you? Are you sure you would respond in this way

20 Psychology in Action Question: How does this video relate to Milgram s study on obedience? Who is the authority in this video?

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22 Explanations of Obedience Question: What is meant by the following terms? Situational Attribution Dispositional Attribution Milgram (1963) AO1 Summary Task: Summarise the aim, method, results and conclusion of Milgram s research in EXACTLY 100 words, no more, no less, exactly 100. tutor2u AQA A Level Psychology Handout

23 Milgram (1963) AO3 Evaluation Task: Use the mind map below to detail different evaluation points (strengths / weaknesses) for the Milgram experiment. Task: Select one strength and one weakness listed above and write two PEE paragraphs. Make sure the evidence is LINKED to Milgram s experiment. Point Evidence/ Example Explain tutor2u AQA A Level Psychology Handout

24 Explain Evidence/ Example Point Explain Evidence/ Example Point tutor2u AQA A Level Psychology Handout

25 To find out whether ordinary Americans would obey unjust orders from a person in authority, to inflict pain on another person.

26 Milgram adver sed for male volunteers by placing an advert in a local newspaper which offered $4.50 for taking part in a study of punishment and learning.

27 40 volunteers, from a range of occupa ons and backgrounds, were selected to a end the laboratory at Yale University.

28 When they arrived they were greeted by the experimenter and introduced to a middleaged man whom they believed to be another par cipant, Mr Wallace, who was a confederate (actor).

29 The experimenter explained that one par cipant was to be the teacher and the other the learner. The real par cipant was always assigned the role of teacher.

30 The role of the teacher (the real par cipant) was to teach the learner a series of word pairs and then test their recall.

31 The teacher s role was to administer an electric shock every me the learner made a mistake and increase the voltage with each mistake.

32 Both the teacher and learner were shown an electric chair. The teacher was given a sample shock to convince them that the procedure was real, then the learner was strapped into the chair.

33 The learner gave predetermined responses to the test. As the shocks became higher, the learner s screams (which were pre recorded) became more drama c. At 180 volts he complained of a weak heart and at 300 volts he banged on the wall and demanded to leave. At 315 volts he refused to answer and became silent.

34 The experiment con nued un l the teacher refused to con nue or un l 450 volts was reached.

35 When/If the teacher objected the experimenter would respond with a series of prods which were standardised, including: Please con nue, Please go on, The Experiment requires that you con nue, etc.

36 Following the experiment the par cipants were debriefed.

37 ALL (100%) of the real par cipants went to at least 300 volts.

38 65% of the par cipants went to the full 450 volts.

39 Under certain circumstances, most people will obey orders, even if those orders involve inflic ng pain on another human being.

40 Milgram s study has been cri cised for breaking the code of ethics.

41 He did not gain the par cipants informed consent.

42

43 He made it difficult for his par cipants to withdraw (right to withdraw).

44 Many (if not all) of his par cipants experienced considerable stress and poten al psychological harm.