Name _ AP Biology Your Inner Fish not NOT DUE DATE: March 17, 2015

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1 Name _ AP Biology Your Inner Fish Below are reading questions based on Your Inner Fish by Neil Shubin. As part of your 6 th six weeks test average for AP Biology, you will read the book and answer all questions and complete the assignment with a writing passage described below. Here are a few guidelines: You must answer all questions from each chapter. I am ing this question list to you so that you may directly type your answers or insert pictures/charts after the question. The completed assignment must be sent to me as a computer file, not as hard copy. All answers must be in your own words using proper terminology. Do not simply copy what you find from a Web site. Before you turn the completed assignment in, make sure to check for spelling and grammatical errors. In MS Word, avoid wiggle lines under the text you submit; they indicate improper English. This is NOT a Group Assignment! DUE DATE: March 17, 2015

2 Chapter 1, "Finding Your Inner Fish" 1. How does Neil Shubin maximize his chances of finding fossils? 2. What is the meaning of the illustration on page 9, and why did Dr. Shubin include in this chapter? 3. What is the ideal class of rock to find fossils in? 4. How long ago was the Devonian? 5. What is the location of the site that Tiktaalik was discovered? Chapter 2 "Getting A Grip" 1. What is it about your hand that is quintessentially human? 2. What is the basic pattern to the skeleton of a limb in vertebrates? 3. What are the two things about lungfish that caught scientists attention? 4. On page 37 there is an illustration of a fossil fish fin. What is special about that fossil? Chapter 3 "Handy Genes" 1. How is it that cells are as different as those found in muscle, nerve, and bone contain the same genes? 2. How do we know that there are two little patches of tissue that control the development of the pattern of bones inside limbs? 3. How does ZPA control the development of digits (fingers)?

3 4. What is the Sonic Hedgehog gene? 5. Were "new" genes required during the gradual transformation of fins into limbs over thousands of generations as populations of fish adapted to life on land? Look at the bones in this illustration; think about your hand, your forearm, and your upper arm. When you examine a biological structure, the way it is built should give you clues about what it does. 6. What can your forearm do that your upper arm can't? 7. What can your hand do that your forearm can't? Now look at Tiktaalik's "arm."

4 8. What do you think it could do? Chapter 4 "Teeth Everywhere" 1. According to Neil Shubin, what is the job of teeth? 2. What is special about mammalian teeth? 3. On p. 62 Shubin writes, "Go higher in the rocks and we see something utterly different: the appearance of mammalness." What does he mean by "go higher in the rocks?" Why not go lower? 4. Why do we have so much information about patterns of chewing and diet in the fossil record compared to information about how animals cared for their young? 5. How is the diverse human diet possible? 6. What do teeth, breasts, feathers, and hair have in common?

5 Chapter 5 Getting A Head Visit this web site and move the mouse over the nerve names. What does each of these nerves do? 1. Olfactory 2. Optic 3. Oculomotor 4. Vagus 5. Spinal Accessory 6. Hypoglossal Some great scientists achieve their "greatness" because they are exceptionally good at detecting patterns in what appears to be chaos. The recent movie, A Beautiful Mind, provides an example of such a person, and there are many others such as those mentioned in our book, Sir Richard Owen and Charles Darwin. Even the master detectives portrayed on CSI are gifted pattern detectors. 1. What is the common pattern for all vertebrate limbs? 2. What is the common pattern for all vertebrate skulls (see p. 83)? 3. On page 86 Shubin describes his old lab building constructed in 1896 what does it have to do with skulls and heads?!! 4. What happened to you between 23 and 28 days after you were conceived? 5. Why does the trigeminal nerve go to both the jaws and the ear?

6 6. Why does the facial nerve go to both the muscles of facial expression and muscles in the ear? 7. What was Johannes Goethe's epiphany (what pattern did he notice)? 8. Page 89 describes a fundamental pattern to all our body parts (nerves, bones) what is it? 9. What is the difference between the human embryo and the shark embryo illustrated on page 91? 10. Sharks have special bones that support the upper and lower jaws so that they extend and retract as the shark bites. What function do those bones have in humans? Chapter Six The Best-Laid (Body) Plans" 1. What does Shubin mean when he writes, "Just as with heads and limbs, our history is written within our development from egg to adult?" 2. List the ways fish, amphibian, and chicken embryos are alike: 3. Which tissues and organs form from the Ectoderm in all vertebrates? 4. Which tissues and organs form from the Mesoderm in all tetrapods? 5. Which tissues and organs form from the Endoderm in all tetrapods? 6. In the 1920's Hilde Mangold discovered a patch of cells in developing frog embryos called the "Organizer." What is the organizer and why was her discovery so important? 7. What is an "animal body plan?"

7 8. How is a human body plan and a fly body plan similar? 9. What are Hox genes and what do they do? 10. How does the BMP-4 - Noggin gene system work? 11. How is the sea anemone and human body plan similar? You have answered detailed questions covering the first six chapters of Your Inner Fish. For the remaining five chapters, summarize the theme of each chapter and describe a specific example in the chapter that increased your understanding of evolution. Each of these summaries should be limited to five sentences. Chapter 7 Adventures in Bodybuilding Chapter 8 Making Scents Chapter 9 Vision Chapter 10 Ears Chapter 11 The Meaning of It All