skeletons animals and their Unit 2 Skeletons of vertebrate animals Animals and their skeletons The human skeleton Skeletons of other animals Shark

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "skeletons animals and their Unit 2 Skeletons of vertebrate animals Animals and their skeletons The human skeleton Skeletons of other animals Shark"

Chad Briggs
5 years ago
Views:

1 Unit 2 animals and their skeletons Animals and their skeletons Skeletons of vertebrate animals The human skeleton Skeletons of other animals Shark Flying birds Frog Elephant Movement How movement works Animals and movement Joints People and joints Animals and joints Doc Scientia - Natural Sciences and Technology - Grade 5 65

The skeleton has three very important functions: it gives shape to the animal s body; it supports the animal s body; and it protects the internal organs. 2.1

2 In the previous unit, you learned that vertebrate animals have an endoskeleton. This means that the skeleton is found on the inside of the body. The skeleton consists of several very hard bones that form a strong frame structure. The skeleton has three very important functions: it gives shape to the animal s body; it supports the animal s body; and it protects the internal organs. 2.1 Skeletons of vertebrate animals The human skeleton Human skeleton The sketch alongside is a representation of the human skeleton. Study it thoroughly before moving on to the following part. humerus scapula sternum Without your skeleton your body would not have any shape. Therefore, it gives structure to your body. forearm bone pelvis thighbone The skeleton of a full-grown human consists of 206 different bones. shin 66 Doc Scientia - Natural Sciences and Technology - Grade 5

3 Oooh, what do you think is Doc hiding in this cupboard? Watch this! Do you think there could be a treasure inside? Heehee, wait! I have a good idea. Heeheehee. Oh yes? Your skeleton also protects your vital organs. Vital organs are the organs in your body without which you would not be able to live, e.g. your brain, heart and lungs. Furthermore, your skeleton also protects other parts of your body. Let us look at this The more closely: Your protects the following, amongst others: the brain the eyes the eardrum Doc Scientia - Natural Sciences and Technology - Grade 5 67

4 Life and living things The and the sternum Your and sternum protect the following, amongst others: the lungs the heart The the liver Heeh eeh ee! The protects your spinal cord. The also supports the upper body. k!!! Eee ekk WAAHH! I am th e sk elet Doc s cupbo on in a rd! Wh a aa aaah h!!! h!!! AAA H H H AAAH 68 Doc Scientia - Natural Sciences and Technology - Grade 5

The consists of several vertebrae. There is a cavity in the centre of each vertebra. The spinal cord runs through these cavities in the vertebral column (). Why must your spinal cord be protected?

If your spinal cord is damaged, you could be paralysed. Your arms and legs are known as your limbs.

5 The consists of several vertebrae. There is a cavity in the centre of each vertebra. The spinal cord runs through these cavities in the vertebral column (). Why must your spinal cord be protected? Your spinal cord consists of very sensitive and delicate nerve tissue. Your brain sends signals or messages to the rest of your body through your spinal cord. If your spinal cord is damaged, you could be paralysed. Your arms and legs are known as your limbs. Together with your scapula (shoulder blade) and hipbone, these bones make it possible for you to move. Later in this unit we will discuss movement in more detail Skeletons of other animals Let us take a closer look at the skeletons of other vertebrate animals. Your hands and feet contain most of the bones in your body. Each hand contains 27 bones, and each foot contains 26 bones. This means that in your hands and feet alone there are 106 bones! Oh no! Wally Worm passed out! Have you forgotten? A worm does not have a! He is an invertebrate Shark Here is a representation of a shark s skeleton: Uuuuuurrr... Here you can see that the shark s or vertebral column ends in his tail. This is the case with most vertebrate animals. Doc Scientia - Natural Sciences and Technology - Grade 5 69

2.1.2.2 Frog You could most probably have guessed that the sketch alongside is the skeleton of a frog.

Notice how large the sternum is in comparison to the rest of the bird s body.

The reason for this is to make it easier for the bird to fly. vertebrae sternum 2.

6 Frog You could most probably have guessed that the sketch alongside is the skeleton of a frog. Notice how much longer the frogs hind limbs are compared to its forelimbs Flying birds The skeleton alongside is of a bird that can fly. Notice how large the sternum is in comparison to the rest of the bird s body. Birds also have bones that are lighter and hollower than other vertebrate animals. The reason for this is to make it easier for the bird to fly. vertebrae sternum Elephant It is no secret that the picture alongside is the skeleton of an elephant. Just look at the massive tusks that protrude from the. Notice how many more the elephant has compared to the skeletons of other animals. Just as with the shark, the elephant s also ends in its tail. scapula hipbone 70 Doc Scientia - Natural Sciences and Technology - Grade 5

STD.6 (2015) MOVEMENT IN THE BODY. When an organism moves from one place to another, it is termed as locomotion. locomotion.

STD.6 (2015) MOVEMENT IN THE BODY Q.1 Define Locomotion. When an organism moves from one place to another, it is termed as locomotion. Ex.A jump, hop, walk and swim. Q.2 Differentiate between movement