(De)Constructing Emotions with Lisa Feldman Barrett, Ph.D

Transcription

1 INTERDISCIPLINAR Y AFFECTIVE SCIENCE LABORATORY (De)Constructing Emotions with Lisa Feldman Barrett, Ph.D UNC School of Social Work Clinical Lecture Series Cosponsored with UNC Department of Psychology Deconstructing Emotion: The Theory of Constructed Emotion February 2, 2018 Lisa Feldman Barrett, Ph.D. Northeastern University Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Atlas of Emotions Happy Anger Disgust Fear Sad New York Times, May 6, 2016 Three Myths FACES BODIES BRAINS UNC School of Social Work Clinical Lecture, cosponsored with UNC Dept. Psychology 1

2 Emotions are displayed on the face with expressions we recognize. N Ọ 1 Meta-Analysis: Facial Movements Duran et al. (2017) Remote Cultures: Bahinemo of Papua New Guinea Sorenson (1975) Sadong of Borneo Ekman et al. (1969) Sadong of Borneo Sorenson (1975) Fore of Papua New Guinea Ekman, Sorenson & Friesen (1969) Dani of Indonesia (Western New Guinea) Ekman (1972) Fore of Papua New Guinea Ekman & Freisen (1971) Dani of Indonesia (Western New Guinea) Ekman, Heider et al. (unpublished) Fore of Papua New Guinea Sorenson (1975) Gendron et al. (in press). Current Directions in Psychological Science UNC School of Social Work Clinical Lecture, cosponsored with UNC Dept. Psychology 2

3 Remote Cultures: Shuar of Amazonian Ecuador Bryant & Barrett (2008) Dioula of Burkina Faso Tracy & Robins (2008) Himba of Namibia (2 samples) Gendron et al. (2014) Hadza of Tanzania Gendron et al. (submitted) Mwani of Mozambique Crivelli, Jarillo et al. (2016) Trobrianders of Papua New Guinea (2 samples) Crivelli, Russell et al. (2016) Trobrianders of Papua New Guinea Crivelli, Jarillo et al. (2016) Trobrianders of Papua New Guinea (2 samples) Crivelli, Russell et al. (2017) Gendron et al. (in press). Current Directions in Psychological Science 19 Remote Samples Universal Cultural Variation More constrained 9 samples 1 sample Less constrained 0 samples 9 samples FA C T N Ọ 1 A face does not speak for itself. UNC School of Social Work Clinical Lecture, cosponsored with UNC Dept. Psychology 3

4 Chanes et al., (in press). JPSP Emotions have bodily fingerprints. N Ọ 2 UNC School of Social Work Clinical Lecture, cosponsored with UNC Dept. Psychology 4

5 Siegel et al. (in press). Psychological Bulletin Variation is the Norm FA C T N Ọ 2 An emotion is what internal sensations mean in relation to what is going on around you in the world UNC School of Social Work Clinical Lecture, cosponsored with UNC Dept. Psychology 5

6 There are dedicated emotion circuits in the brain. N Ọ 3 Fear is localized in the amygdala? 70 Proportion of Studies Reporting Increased Amygdala Activity A N G E R D I S G U S T F E A R H A P P Y S A D Lindquist, Wager, Kober, Bliss-Moreau & Barrett (2012) Behavioral and Brain Sciences UNC School of Social Work Clinical Lecture, cosponsored with UNC Dept. Psychology 6

7 Anger Disgust Fear Happy A pattern is a statistical summary, not a brain state C la r k - P o lne r, J o hns o n & B a r r e t t ( ) C e r e br a l C o r t e x Sad Wager, Kang, Johnson, Nichols, Satpute, & Barrett (2015). A Bayesian model of category specific emotional brain responses. PLoS Comp. Biol. N EO - CORTEX LIM B IC R EPTILIA N Triune Brain Striedter (2005). Brain Evolution. UNC School of Social Work Clinical Lecture, cosponsored with UNC Dept. Psychology 7

8 FA C T N Ọ 3 Emotions are complex constructions, not simple circuits. FA C T N Ọ 3 Reason does not rule emotion. (They don t live in separate parts of the brain.) So, what do we know? UNC School of Social Work Clinical Lecture, cosponsored with UNC Dept. Psychology 8

9 O Emotions are not built in. They re built. Kok et al. (2016). Current Biology. Internal Model at Work Medial Lateral N = 16; False Discovery Rate p <.05 Wilson-Mendenhall, Barsalou & Barrett (under review) UNC School of Social Work Clinical Lecture, cosponsored with UNC Dept. Psychology 9

10 Prediction World Body Sensation System One New Prediction World Body Sensation System Two Regulation of the Body Default Mode Network Core Hubs Salience Network Noriginal=280; Kleckner, Zhang, Touroutoglou, Simmons, Dickerson & Barrett (2017), Nature Human Behavior Nreplication = 280 UNC School of Social Work Clinical Lecture, cosponsored with UNC Dept. Psychology 10

11 Default Mode Network S O C I A L F E A R P H Y S I C A L F E A R A T Y P I C A L E M O T I O N S E M O T I O N E M O T I O N C O N C E P T S S U B J E C T I V E V A L U E S O C I A L A F F I L A T I O N C H R O N I C P A I N T R A I T J U D G E M E N T S E M P A T H Y M O R A L J U D G E M E N T S T H E O R Y O F M I N D R E W A R D S M O K I N G A D D I C T I O N P R O S P E C T I O N P E R C E P T I O N C O N C E P T S ( R E D ) Barrett & Satpute (2013). Large-scale brain networks in affective and social neuroscience. Current Opinion in Neurobiology INTEROCEPTION ALLOSTASIS The core task of all brains is to regulate the organism s internal milieu by anticipating needs and preparing to satisfy them before they arise. Sterling & Laughlin (2015). Principles of Neural Design (p. xvi) Regulation of Attention Locus Coeruleus (Norepinephrine) Upper Raphe Nuclei (Serotonin) Substantia Nigra and VTA (Dopamine) Bar et al. (2016). Neuroimage. UNC School of Social Work Clinical Lecture, cosponsored with UNC Dept. Psychology 11

12 The Biology of Meaning Making Default Mode Network Core Hubs Salience Network Barrett (2017). How emotions are made. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Emotions are not reactions to the world. They are constructions of the world. ANGER HAPPINESS IRRITATION ANNOYANCE ENVY DELIGHT GRATITUDE PRIDE AWE SERENITY COMPASSION DISGUST JOY ASTONISHMENT Emotional Granularity UNC School of Social Work Clinical Lecture, cosponsored with UNC Dept. Psychology 12

13 In your brain, you carry a model of the world. Your brain is not metabolically frivolous. What you think of as "outside" in the world partly comes from what's "inside" your own head. UNC School of Social Work Clinical Lecture, cosponsored with UNC Dept. Psychology 13

14 You are an architect of your own experience. In every waking moment, your brain uses past experience, organized as concepts, to guide your actions and give your sensations meaning. When the concepts involved are emotion concepts, your brain constructs instances of emotion Barrett (2017). The theory of constructed emotion. SCAN Barrett (2017). How emotions are made. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt UNC School of Social Work Clinical Lecture, cosponsored with UNC Dept. Psychology 14

15 You help to create the environment that influences the brain and bodies of those around you Emotional communication is a synchrony of constructions Miscommunication is dysynchrony UNC School of Social Work Clinical Lecture, cosponsored with UNC Dept. Psychology 15

16 You help to create the environment that turns on/off the genes to wire the brains of the next generation you re also an electrician. LisaFeldmanBarrett.com UNC School of Social Work Clinical Lecture, cosponsored with UNC Dept. Psychology 16

17 UNC School of Social Work Clinical Lecture, cosponsored with UNC Dept. Psychology 17