Embodiment. Mary ET Boyle, Ph.D. Department of Cognitive Science UCSD. Erik Swanson

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1 Embodiment Erik Swanson Mary ET Boyle, Ph.D. Department of Cognitive Science UCSD

3 The body mandala

4 Mind Body Rene Descartes Reflex arc Physical vs. Mental Understanding both domains Interaction between both?

5 peripersonal space like an aura Your brain annexes the space around your body Your self does not end where your flesh ends Your body map will blend with the horses body map. Using tools The bat has been incorporated into your body map.

6 Elbow Room Tribe in Namibia Born with self space Intermingle with others Never alone! Himba Tribe woman lonelyplanetimages.com

9 Does your hand belong to you? How do you know it s your own hand? How do you know that you have a body? What makes you think you own it? How do you know where your body begins and ends? How do you keep track of its position in space?

11 In the 19th century, German physician Franz Joseph Gall divided the brain into dozens of personality organs to which the skull was said to conform.

13 Brain is a bordered organ subdivided into zones and functions. Lines are blurry Specialized neurons? Memories and emotions?

14 Dr. Wilder Penfield

15 electrical stimulation mapping COGS 11 Minds and Brains

18 Stimulation at other sites elicited other behavioral responses: magenta, motor responses; green, somatosensory; blue, auditory. Stars indicate the epileptic focus in the medial temporal lobe.

am not here As though I were half here and half not here. She reported that she had never felt this way before.

19 In 1941 Penfield reported a similar situation. Patient G.A. suffered habitual epileptic attacks that never evoked hallucinations. Yet upon electrical stimulation of her right superior temporal gyrus at point 0 she spontaneously exclaimed: I have a queer sensation as if I am not here As though I were half here and half not here. She reported that she had never felt this way before. Stimulation of point 1 elicited the response that she felt queer again, as if she were floating away. Similar responses occurred for point 3 and for point 5 in the neighboring parietal lobe.

20 Blanke, et al. NATURE VOL SEPTEMBER 2002 OBE could be a failure to integrate somatosensory and vestibular information The specific area involved in OBE is the temporoparietal junction (TPJ) on the right side. Neural correlate of disembodiment!

21 Blanke, et al. NATURE VOL SEPTEMBER 2002

22 Case, L. K. (2010) Arch Neurol. 67(12):

24 Sensory /visual information disparity? Difference a matter of quality or degree? Are experiences dormant?

25 The senses sight hearing taste smell somatic

26 Touch Nocioception Thermoception Proprioception Balance

27 Touch Touch receptors send your brain information about pressure. For example: gentle pressure, deep pressure, sustained pressure, hair follicle bending, and vibration In one s daily life, touch is by far the most prominent of the somatic senses in your conscious mind.

28 When you feel the sun beating down on you. Thermoception Skin thermoceptors: warm and cold When you swish an ice cube in your mouth. Not for body temp regulation

29 Nocioception Piercing pain Joint pain Heat pain Deep tissue pain Chemical pain Tickle Itch

30 Scientific American Mind, 2004

31 Inherent sense of your body s position and motion in space Enables one to touch your index fingers with your eyes closed Two types: Embedded in cartilage between skeletal joins and keeps track of load and rate of slippage in each joint. Embedded in muscles and tendons and measures stretch Proprioception

32 Scientific American Mind, 2004

33 Sense of up vs. down Inner ear canals Needed to operate body in the world Evolved early half billion years ago Balance

34 Wetness Hairiness Fleshiness Rubberiness Pain and touch Complex, composite sensations Sensory information

35 From 1998 BBC documentary "The Man Who Lost His Body."

Primary visceral map Represent heart, lungs, liver, colon, rectum, stomach Well developed in humans You have access to your internal sensations Results of the present study

differential perceptions and reactions associated with stimulation of skin and viscera.

36 Primary visceral map Represent heart, lungs, liver, colon, rectum, stomach Well developed in humans You have access to your internal sensations Results of the present study demonstrate that visceral and cutaneous pains of similar intensity have differential representation in somatosensory, motor, and limbic areas of the brain that could underlie the differential perceptions and reactions associated with stimulation of skin and viscera. On the other hand, the similar activations within S2 and posterior parietal cortices, as well as thalamus, basal ganglia, and cerebellum suggest the existence of a common cortical and subcortical network that identifies a stimulus as painful, independent of the nature of that pain.

A: visceral but not cutaneous stimulation significantly activated intra abdominal region of S1, while both types of stimulation showed small

37 Cortical activation evoked by noxious esophageal distention and noxious thermal heat in primary somatosensory (A; S1) and prefrontal (B; PFC) cortices. A: visceral but not cutaneous stimulation significantly activated intra abdominal region of S1, while both types of stimulation showed small activation in the trunk region of S1 (heat bilateral, balloon right). B: cutaneous but not visceral stimulation activated right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (BA 10). (cf. Tables 1 and 2 for stereotaxic coordinates and t values). Color bars show t values. Image left corresponds to subjects left.

38 Your embodiment is map dependent Chart body in space Body surface Musculature Intentions Potential for action Mirror maps Maps are plastic Can be reorganized in response to damage, experience, practice Formed early in life Mature with experience Continue to change One is unaware of maps Subjective sense of self Ability to navigate

39 Consciousness is what makes the mind body problem really. T. Nagel Consciousness for Nagel is subjectivity. Do you think that your cat is conscious? What about worms? Stones? Stone Conscious? The stone has no inner life; no point of view Cat Conscious? They do have a point of view; there is something to them.

40 What is it Like to Be a Bat? (1974) Consciousness has essential to it a subjective character what it is like aspect Thomas Nagel Nagel states that "an organism has conscious mental states if and only if there is something that it is to be that organism something it is like for the organism."

Although the nose is a relatively small portion of

nose dominates the somatosensory cortex.

of cortex, suggesting that it is an important sensory

Although the moles did not seem to detect prey with

41 Although the nose is a relatively small portion of the mole s body, the cortical representation of the nose dominates the somatosensory cortex. The forelimb also occupies a fairly large percentage of cortex, suggesting that it is an important sensory surface as well. Although the moles did not seem to detect prey with their forelimbs, important information about soil density and composition may come from this sensory surface.

42 J. COMP. NEUR., 166:

Somatosensory System. Steven McLoon Department of Neuroscience University of Minnesota

Somatosensory System. Steven McLoon Department of Neuroscience University of Minnesota Somatosensory System Steven McLoon Department of Neuroscience University of Minnesota 1 Course News Dr. Riedl s review session this week: Tuesday (Oct 10) 4-5pm in MCB 3-146B 2 Sensory Systems Sensory