National 5 - Key Area 1: Cells, Tissues and Organs

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1 National 5 - Key Area 1: Cells, Tissues and Organs 1. The diagram below shows some of the structures involved in transport in plants. Which line in the table below correctly identifies structures J and K and the substances transported by them? National 5 Specimen Paper, section 1, Q8. 2.The following statements relate to specialised cells. 1 Large surface area 2 Hollow tube with lignin support in the cell wall 3 Thin cell wall 4 Large number of chloroplasts State which of the above statements are correct for a root hair cell. A B C D 1 and 2 only 1 and 3 only 2 and 3 only 2 and 4 only 1

2 3. The diagrams below show examples of some types of specialised cells from the human body. The cells are not drawn to the same scale. (μm = micrometre) (a) Using the letters arrange the cells in order of size. 1 (b) Choose one of these cell types: Sperm Cell Egg Cell Red Blood Cell Describe the function of the chosen cell and explain how its specialisation allows it to carry out that function. 2 National Paper, section 2, Q6(a)(b).(modified version of (a) used) 2

3 National 5 - Key Area 2: Stem Cells and Meristems 1. The following statements relate to meristems. 1 They produce non-specialised cells 2 The are the sites of gamete production 3 They are found only in plants 4 They are found only in animals State which of the above statements are correct. A B C D 1 and 2 only 1 and 3 only 2 and 3 only 2 and 4 only National 5 Specimen Paper, section 1, Q5. 2. The diagram below shows some stages in the development of blood cells and nerve cells. (a) Describe the feature of stem cells which gives them the potential to develop into many different types of cells, such as blood and nerve cells. 1 (b) Which of the following statements refer to processes involving stem cells? A. Growth of new skin B. Transmission of nerve impulses C. Muscle contraction D. Repair of broken bones E. Production of insulin 1 3 National , Section 2, Q6(c)&(d)

4 3. Stem cells are unspecialised cells in animals which can divide then differentiate to produce a wide range of other cell types in the body. The diagram below shows how some specialised cell types are formed from unspecialised stem cells. Cell type unspecialised intermediate specialised Stem cells Basic bone cell Young fat cell Primitive blood cell Pre-cartilage cell Bone growth cells Bone replacement cells Mature fat cells Red blood cells Platelets White blood cells Elastic fibre cells Non-elastic fibre cells (a) Give the intermediate cell type which can develop into the widest range of specialised cell types. 1 (b) Give the intermediate cell type which contributes towards growth and repair 1 (c) Name the sites of production of non-specialised cells in plants 1 (d) Name two plant tissues which can be formed when plant cells specialise The diagram shows a section through part of a root. National 5 Hodder Gibson Model Papers, Model Paper 1, page 72, section 2, Q5. (a) (b) Identify the letter that shows the position of the meristem. Name a cell process responsible for increase in length of a root. 1 1 Higher Biology 2003, Section B, Q11(a).(modified command word used) 4

5 5. The diagram shows a vertical section through a shoot. (a) Define the term meristem. 1 (b) Identify the position of the meristem in the above diagram. 1 (c) Describe the function of xylem in a plant. 1 5

6 National 5 - Key Area 3: Control and Communication 1. The following diagram shows a human brain. (a) Nervous Control Which letter indicates the site of memory and conscious responses? Int2, 2013, Section A, Q The diagram below shows a section through the human brain. Which labelled part co-ordinates movement and balance? Int2, 2009, Section A, Q 25 (modified version used) 3. The diagram below shows a human brain. Which letter shows the site that controls heart rate and breathing rate? Int2, 2010, Section A, Q 23 6

7 4.The diagram below represents the human brain. Which line in the table below identifies structures 1, 2 and 3 of the human brain? Structure 1 Structure 2 Structure 3 A Medulla Cerebrum Cerebellum B Cerebrum Medulla Cerebellum C Cerebellum Cerebrum Medulla D Cerebrum Cerebellum Medulla 5. Which of the diagrams below identifies neurons and the direction of travel of nerve impulses? National , Section 1, Q5 National , Section 1, Q7 6. The following stages occur in a reflex action. 1 The effector produces a response. 2 A sense organ is stimulated. 3 An impulse passes along a sensory neurone. 4 An impulse passes along a motor neurone. The correct order of the stages is A 2, 3, 4, 1 B 2, 1, 4, 3 C 1, 2, 3, 4 D 3, 4, 1, 2. Int2, 2010, Section A, Q 24 7

8 7. The diagram below shows neurones connecting the eye with the central nervous system. Which line in the table below identifies correctly the types of neurones and the direction of impulses which travel along them? Int 2., 2013, Section A, Q25 8. The pathway for a reflex arc involves the following. 1. Central nervous system 2. Sensory neurone 3. Motor neurone Which of the following correctly represents the pathway of a reflex arc? A 1 > 2 > 3 B 1 > 3 > 2 C 2 > 1 > 3 D 2 > 3 > 1 Int 2 exam style questions, Q14 8

9 9 (a) The diagram below shows parts of the central nervous system (CNS) and a nerve to the heart. (i) Name the two parts, shown in the diagram, which make up the central nervous system (CNS). 1 (ii) Name the area, shown in the diagram, which controls heart rate. 1 (b) Reflex arcs contain relay fibres. (i) Name the structure which sends impulses to the relay fibre. 1 (ii) Describe the function of relay fibres in a reflex arc. 1 (c) Explain the function of a reflex response. 1 Int2, 2009, Section B, Q 13 (modified command word used for b (i)+(ii) 10. The grid below shows structures related to the nervous system. A. B. C. D. Relay nerve cell Muscle Motor nerve cell Sensory nerve cell Using letters from the grid, copy and complete the sequence below to show the order of the structures through which a nerve impulse travels in a reflex action. Int2, 2011, Section B, Q 14(c) 9

10 11. The diagram below shows the structures found in a reflex arc. (a) Copy and complete the table below to identify the structures and their functions. 3 (b) The sentence below give the functions of some parts of the central nervous system. Copy the sentence and underline one option in each set of brackets to make the sentence correct. 1 Int2, 2012, Section B, Q 12 (modified version used) 10

11 12 (a) Different parts of the brain have different functions. Copy the diagram and draw one line to link each part of the brain with its correct function. Part of the brain Cerebrum Medulla Cerebellum Function Control of breathing rate Conscious responses Co-ordination of movement 2 (b) (i) The flow chart below shows the structures in a reflex arc. Copy and complete the chart by inserting the names of the missing neurones. 2 (ii) Describe a function of a reflex response. 1 Intermediate 2, 2011, Section B, Q12 11

12 13. The diagram below represents a reflex arc. Describe the sequence of events in a reflex action and its significance. (5) Int 2 exam style questions 14. The diagram below shows a human brain with some areas labelled. With reference to the medulla, cerebrum, cerebellum and spinal cord, describe the function of the brain. (4) Int 2 exam style questions (modified version used) 12

13 National 5 - Key Area 3: Control and Communication (b) Hormonal Control 1. Which of the following shows correct responses to changes in sugar concentration in the blood? Higher Biology, 2009, Section A, Q27 2. The flow chart below shows some events in the control of the concentration of glucose in the blood. Which line in the table below identifies correctly substances X and Y? Higher Biology, 2014, Section A, Q27 13

14 3. The contraceptive pill contains hormones and its use has resulted in small quantities of these hormones reaching our fresh water supplies. The effect of these hormones on the heart rate of water fleas was investigated. Water fleas were placed into solutions of different hormone concentration and their heart rates were measured. (a) On graph paper, complete the vertical axis and plot a line graph to show the effect of the hormone on the heart rate of the water fleas. 2 (b) (i) Describe the effect of increasing hormone concentration on the heart rate of water fleas. 2 (ii) It has been suggested that the presence of this hormone in drinking water may have an effect on the heart rate of humans. State whether you agree or disagree with this suggestion and give a reason to support your choice. 1 Continued on the next page 14

15 Q3 continued. (c) An improvement to this experiment would be to set up a control to count the heart rate of water fleas placed in water without the hormone. State the purpose of this control. 1 National 5 Specimen, Section 2, Q7 4. At the start of an investigation, the blood glucose and insulin concentrations of a healthy adult human were measured and found to be normal. The individual then immediately drank a glucose drink and his blood glucose and insulin levels were re-measured at intervals over a period of 5 hours without further food or drink intake. The results are shown in the table below. (a) Calculate the simplest whole number ratio of blood glucose concentration at the start to the maximum level recorded. 1 (b) Calculate how long it took for blood insulin concentration to return to the start level from its maximum concentration. 1 Higher Biology 2013, Section B, Q11 (modified version used) 15

16 5. The regulation of glucose in the blood is represented in the diagram below. (a) The diagram above has two options in each of the four boxes A, B, C, D. State the correct option in each box. 2 (b) Identify organs X and Y. 2 (c) Insulin and glucagon are hormones. Describe two features of hormones. 2 National , Section 2, Q8 (modified version used) 16

17 Questions 1 and 2 are based on the diagram below. National 5 - Key Area 4: Reproduction 1. Which structure in a plant contains the male gamete? A Stigma B Anther C Filament D Ovule 2. Which structure in a plant combines with the male gamete to form the zygote? A Ovule B Pollen C Filament D Anther Int2 exam style questions, Q7&8 3. Which of the following pairs of human cells have the same number of chromosomes? A Liver cell and sperm cell B Kidney cell and sperm cell C Kidney cell and liver cell D Liver cell and egg cell National Paper, section 1, Q8. 4. Which of the following diagrams represents the process of fertilisation in plants? National Paper, section 1, Q11. 17

18 5. The table below shows the results of an investigation into the effect of temperature on egg As the temperature increases, the average number of eggs laid per female per day A increases B decreases C stays the same D halves. National Paper, section 1, Q9. 6. The fusion of the nuclei of two gametes is called A fertilisation B meiosis C random assortment D zygote. Int , Section A, Q The diagram below shows the process of fertilisation. Cell R is A a zygote B a gamete C an ovule D an embryo. Int , Section A, Q13. 18

19 8. The effects of 2 hormones, P and Q, on human sperm production are shown in the graph below. Which of the following statements is correct. A hormone P is high and hormone Q is high, sperm production is low B hormone P is low and hormone Q is low, sperm production is low C hormone P is low and hormone Q is high, sperm production is high D hormone P is high and hormone Q is low, sperm production is high. Int , Section A, Q The table below shows the results of an investigation into the effect of temperature on the number of eggs laid by female red spider mites. The percentage decrease in the average number of eggs laid per female when the temperature is increased from 20 C to 30 C is A 30% B 33% C 50% D 67%. Int , Section A, Q9. 19

20 10. The diagram below shows the main parts of a flower. Which line in the table identifies X and the type of gamete it produces? Int , Section A, Q The diagram below shows a stage in the process of reproduction. Process W is A meiosis B fertilisation C gamete production Int , Section A, Q13. D random assortment. 20

21 12. Sperm production in humans is controlled by two hormones, P and Q. As levels of P rise, sperm production increases. As levels of Q rise, sperm production decreases. Which of the graphs below shows the changes in hormone levels of a man whose sperm production is decreasing? Int , Section A, Q14. 21

22 13 (a) The diagram below shows a summary of events that occur during reproduction in a flowering plant. (i) Identify cell type R. 1 (ii) Identify the process in the diagram represents fertilisation. 1 (iii) Copy and complete the following table by inserting a tick in the correct boxes to show which of the cells in the diagram have a double (diploid) or single (haploid) set of chromosomes. 2 (b) Explain the need to produce cells with a single set of chromosomes in reproduction. 1 Int , Section B, Q The table below shows information on the number of eggs fertilised and the survival of offspring for four different animals. Calculate the percentage survival rate for the dog SG Biology 2009, Credit, Q5(a)

23 15. Read the following passage and answer the questions using information from it. Salve Imperator Adapted from The Life of Birds by David Attenborough. Reproduction for Emperor penguins involves extreme hardship. They start their breeding cycle in March at the beginning of the Antarctic winter. At this time the fringe of ice that surrounds the Antarctic continent is at its narrowest. The penguins walk across it for several miles to the permanent ice which is their breeding ground. Up to penguins gather and mating takes place in April. As the temperature falls, the sea ice expands by 2 miles per day. In May the female produces one large egg which she places on the top of her feet. The male takes the egg, juggles it onto the top of his feet and covers it with a fold of his densely feathered abdomen to keep it warm. Producing the egg has taken a significant proportion of the female s body reserves. She needs to replenish them urgently and heads back to sea to feed. As the winter winds begin to blow, the temperature falls. The male Emperors huddle closer together for warmth and shelter. They use their tiny stump of a tail as the third leg of a tripod and rest on their heels. Their upwardly turned toes keep their precious eggs off the ice. There is nothing to eat and for a month there is total darkness. After 60 days the eggs hatch. The males, close to starvation, manage to produce a little milky secretion from their gullets for their chicks. At this critical moment the females reappear. They have had a long journey as the ice has extended considerably. The females regurgitate their chicks first real meal. The males now start the long trek back to the sea to feed for the first time in four months. Three weeks later, the males are back to take over the care of the chicks, allowing the females to return to the sea. As winter slackens its grip, the ice begins to break up. The journey to the sea gets shorter and the parents can increase the frequency of feeding. In November the parents stop feeding the young and long processions of adults and young waddle down to the sea. (a) Describe why it is necessary for the females to leave their eggs and return to the sea. 1 (b) Calculate how much has the distance to the sea increased in the time between laying and hatching 1 (c) Describe how males keep their egg off the ice 1 (d) The following list describes events in the life of Emperor penguins. List: 1 walk to breeding grounds 2 mating 3 egg laying 4 eggs hatch and females return 5 parents and chicks waddle to the sea Copy and complete the time line below by placing the number of each event in the correct month. 2 (e) State how many months of the year are not spent breeding and rearing 1 23 SG Biology 2009, Credit, Q12 (modified command words used)

24 16. The diagram below represents some of the processes involved in human reproduction. The sex chromosomes are shown in each cell. (a) Identify the female cells. 1 (b) Copy the sentences below and select one option in each set of brackets to make the following sentence about fertilisation correct. 2 Int. 2 biology 2012, Section B, Q8(a)~(c) 17. The average production of sperm cells by a bull throughout the year is shown in the table below. (a) Describe the pattern of sperm production over one year. 2 (b) From the results, suggest one environmental factor which affects sperm cell production. 1 (c) In May, bulls produce a daily average of 8 cm 3 of fluid containing sperm cells. Calculate how many sperm cells would be contained in 1 cm 3 of this fluid SG Biology 2010, General, Q10

25 18. The diagram below shows a section through a flower. Copy and complete the following table using information from the diagram 3 SG Biology 2013, General, Q3 19. The diagram represents an insect-pollinated flower. Copy and complete the following table to show the letter, name and function of parts A, B and C. 2 SG Biology 2009, General, Q2 25