Lab sect. (TA name/time): BIOLOGY 317 Spring First Hourly Exam 4/22/10

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Mitchell Little
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1 Name: Lab sect. (TA name/time): BIOLOGY 317 Spring 2011 First Hourly Exam 4/22/10 1) (24 pts) Match the letter of the family given on the right with the characteristics for a plant described on the left. Each family may be used more than once. elongate receptacle perfect flowers with parts in multiples of 3 doubly serrate leaf margins laminar stamens valvate anthers bilateral floral symmetry with many stamens composed of distinct anthers and filaments A. Berberidaceae B. Betulaceae C. Fagaceae D. Magnoliaceae E. Ranunculaceae involucre of bracts beneath female flowers separate male and female catkins 2) (5) If you were walking through the forest in the spring and came across a flowering tree, list five (5) traits that might convince you that it was wind pollinated?

2 3) (21) Circle the best answer from the choices available with each question. Fertilization is a) The product of meiosis b) The act of fusion between the egg and sperm c) The transfer of pollen from an anther to a stigma d) The process that produces spores e) The process that produces the gametes in plants Which of the following is a synapomorphy (shared derived similarity) for the clade known as Tricolpates or Eudicots? f) A single cotyledon g) Vessel elements in the xylem h) Pollen shed in the 3-celled stage i) Pollen with three apertures through which the pollen tube can emerge j) Net-veined leaves A goal of modern classifications is to name monophyletic groups. Which of the following groups is not monophyletic? a) Seed plants b) Monocots c) Tricolpates (Eudicots) d) Angiosperms e) Dicots Which of the following terms describes an ovary in which the ovules are attached to ovary wall? a) Free-central placentation b) Basal placentation c) External placentation d) Parietal placentation e) Axile placentation The gynoecium is a collective term to describe all of which part of a flower? a) sepals b) stamens c) nectaries d) petals e) carpels What is the process by which a plant can produce seed without sexual reproduction? a) Self-fertilization b) geitonogamy c) agamospermy d) cleistogamy e) vegetative reproduction Which of the following major groups of land plants has free-living gametophytes and dependent sporophytes? a) Angiosperms b) Seed plants c) Conifers d) Ferns e) Mosses 2

3 4) (4) a) How are rhizomes and stolons different? b) What similar function to they perform? 5) (12) The fact that most flowering plants are hermaphrodites means that many of them can be either self or cross fertilized. a) What are two (2) advantages of autogamy (self-fertilization)? b) What is one (1) major disadvantage of autogamy? c) Many plants have evolved mechanisms to prevent autogamy. What are three (3) mechanisms by which plants have evolved to avoid self-fertilization. 6) (6) a) What is endosperm AND how is it formed? b) For what group of plants is endosperm a synapomorphy? 3

4 7) (16) Define EACH of the terms in the following pairs AND make clear the distinction between them. Complete flower AND Perfect flower Monoecious AND Dioecious Spore AND Gamete Pollination AND Fertilization 4

5 8) (12) Answer the questions below about the phylogenetic tree depicted here. Alphaceae Betaceae Gammaceae Deltaceae Epsilonaceae ancestor A) What family is the sister group to the Deltaceae? B) List three families that together make up a monophyletic group. C) List three families that together make up a paraphyletic group. D) If the Alphaceae and Betaceae have free carpels and the other families have fused carpels, what was the ancestral condition for carpels? E) Identify on the tree with an arrow where the evolutionary transition in carpel morphology, inferred in part D, most likely occurred. F) Among the many species in Epsilonaceae, two types of fruits are found: capsules and berries (each species has one or the other). All the plants in Deltaceae and Gammaceae have capsules for fruits. What is the polarity for the evolution of fruit type in Epsilonaceae? 5

Plant Reproduction. In a nutshell

Plant Reproduction. In a nutshell Plant Reproduction In a nutshell 2007-2008 Plant Diversity mosses ferns conifers flowering plants Bryophytes non-vascular land plants Pteridophytes seedless vascular plants Gymnosperm pollen & naked seeds