Core Asterids! Lamiids Part 1!
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- Alaina Nash
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1 Core Asterids! Lamiids Part 1!
2 Announcements! Guest Lecture next Monday: Conservation and management of rare plants in Washington.! MHG Project due next Wednesday.!
3 !Basal eudicots"! Phylogeny of Eudicots (or Tricolpates)! Eudicots (or Tricolpates)! (Soltis et al. 2011)!
4 Phylogeny of Asterids! Asterids! Cornales!! Cornaceae! Ericales!! Ericaceae!! Polemoniaceae! Lamiids:! Gentianales!! Apocynaceae!! Rubiaceae! Lamiales!! Lamiaceae!! Scrophulariaceae! Solanales!! Solanaceae! Boraginaceae! Campanulids:! Apiales! Apiaceae! Dipsacales! Caprifoliaceae! Asterales! Asteraceae! Campanulaceae! (APG 2003, Judd & Olmstead 2004, Soltis et al. 2005)!
5 1)! Gamopetalous corollas! Synapomorphies for Core Asterids! 2)! Epipetalous stamens! 3)! A single whorl of stamens that alternate with the petal lobes! 4)! 2 fused carpels! G. D. Carr!
6 Phylogeny of Asterids! Asterids! Cornales!! Cornaceae! Ericales!! Ericaceae!! Polemoniaceae! Lamiids:! Gentianales!! Apocynaceae!! Rubiaceae! Lamiales!! Lamiaceae!! Scrophulariaceae! Solanales!! Solanaceae! Boraginaceae! Campanulids:! Apiales! Apiaceae! Dipsacales! Caprifoliaceae! Asterales! Asteraceae! Campanulaceae! (APG 2003, Judd & Olmstead 2004, Soltis et al. 2005)!
7 Boraginaceae s.l. (Borage family)! (Gersten and Olmstead, unpublished data)!
8 Boraginaceae s.l. (Borage family)! Clayton J. Antieau 2007! Ben Legler 2004! Myosotis sylvatica! Woodland forget-me-not! Former Boraginaceae s.s. group! Textbook DVD KRR & DLN! Ryan Miller! Symphytum officinale! Common comfrey!
9 Boraginaceae s.l. (Borage family)! Ben Legler 2004! Ben Legler 2004! Hydrophyllum capitatum! Ballhead waterleaf! Phacelia linearis! Thread-leaf phacelia! Former Hydrophyllaceae group! Ryan Miller!
10 Boraginaceae s.l. (Borage family)! 134 genera, 2650 species! (Borago, Heliotropium, Myosotis, Symphytum)! Habit:! Leaves:! Ben Legler 2004!
11 Boraginaceae s.l. (Borage family)! Inflorescence:! Scorpoid or helical cyme = coiled inflorescence, bearing flowers along the upper side and straightening as the flowers mature.! Yaowu Yuan! Scorpioid cyme! Helicoid cyme! Ben Legler 2004!
12 Boraginaceae s.l. (Borage family)! Flowers:! Flower symmetry:! Perianth parts:! G. D. Carr 2008! # of stamens:! G. D. Carr 2006!
13 Boraginaceae s.l. (Borage family)! Corona/fornices = infolded appendages at throat of tube, opposite corolla lobes, often a different color than corolla.! Ryan Miller! Ryan Miller!
14 Boraginaceae s.l. (Borage family)! # of pistils/flower:! # of carpels/pistil:! Ovary position:! gynobasic style: a style which is attached to the gynobase as well as to the carpels.! gynobase: an elongation or enlargement of the receptacle.! Textbook DVD KRR & DLN!
15 Boraginaceae s.l. (Borage family)! The Boraginaceae we teach here includes both the traditionally recognized Boraginaceae s.s. and Hydrophyllaceae.! Both Boraginaceae s.s. and formerly Hydrophyllaceae have hispid hairs and helicoid (or scorpioid) cymes as inflorescences. synapomorphies for Boraginaceae s.l..! Difference in the gynoecium structure! ovary (2 fused carpels):!boraginaceae s.s., with each carpel containing 2 ovules and!!!being divided by a false septum into 2 distinct parts,!!!!forming a 4-parted ovary, each locule containing 1 ovule.!!!former Hydrophyllaceae, with each carpel containing many!!!ovules, and not being divided into 2 distinct parts.! style:!boraginaceae s.s. with a gynobasic style and capitate stigma.!! Former Hydrophyllaceae with a terminal, 2-forked style.!
16 Boraginaceae s.l. (Borage family)! Fruit type:! Ben Legler 2005!
17 Boraginaceae s.l. (Borage family)! Nutlet terminology:! Ryan Miller! Ryan Miller!
18 Boraginaceae s.l. (Borage family)!!base of nutlet produced into a prominent thickened rim "! (Hitchcock and Cronquist 1973)! Symphytum officinale! Common comfrey! Ben Legler 2004! Anchusa arvensis! Small bugloss! Robert L. Carr 2009!
19 Phylogeny of Asterids! Asterids! Cornales!! Cornaceae! Ericales!! Ericaceae!! Polemoniaceae! Lamiids:! Gentianales!! Apocynaceae!! Rubiaceae! Lamiales!! Lamiaceae!! Scrophulariaceae! Solanales!! Solanaceae! Boraginaceae! Campanulids:! Apiales! Apiaceae! Dipsacales! Caprifoliaceae! Asterales! Asteraceae! Campanulaceae! (APG 2003, Judd & Olmstead 2004, Soltis et al. 2005)!
20 Apocynaceae s.l. (Dogbane family)! Apocynaceae has been expanded to include the Asclepiadaceae (Milkweed family).! Textbook DVD KRR & DLN! Ryan Miller! (Endress 2004)!
21 Apocynaceae s.l. (Dogbane family)! Nerium oleander! Oleander! G. D. Carr 2008! Vinca major! greater periwinkle! Textbook DVD KRR & DLN! Ryan Miller!
22 Apocynaceae s.l. (Dogbane family)! 355 genera, 3700 species! (Asclepias, Catharanthus, Hoya, Nerium, Plumeria, Stapelia, Vinca)! G. D. Carr 2006! Habit:! Leaves:! Ben Legler 2004!
23 Apocynaceae s.l. (Dogbane family)! Inflorescence:! Flowers:! Sex of plant:! Textbook DVD KRR & DLN! Ben Legler 2004!
24 Apocynaceae s.l. (Dogbane family)! Ben Legler! Flower symmetry:! Perianth parts:! # of stamens:! Ryan Miller!
25 Former Asclepiadaceae! Apocynaceae s.l. (Dogbane family)! staminal appendage (horn shaped)! pollina! staminal appendage (hood shaped)! reflexed corolla lobes! Textbook DVD KRR & DLN! Textbook DVD KRR!
26 # of pistils/flower:! Apocynaceae s.l. (Dogbane family)! # of carpels/pistil:! apical portion of style expanded and forming a head! Ovary position:! 2 distinct ovaries! Textbook DVD KRR & DLN!
27 Apocynaceae s.l. (Dogbane family)! Former Asclepiadaceae! Apocynaceae has been expanded to include the Asclepiadaceae (Milkweed family).! These two groups form a well supported monophyletic group based on their milky sap, separate ovaries, and stylar head.! stylar head! Textbook DVD KRR & DLN! 2 distinct ovaries! DVD KRR & DLN! Ryan Miller!
28 Apocynaceae s.l. (Dogbane family)! Fruit type:! Textbook DVD WSJ! Textbook DVD KRR!
29 Rubiaceae (Coffee family)! Coffea arabica! coffee! Textbook DVD KRR & DLN! Ryan Miller! Textbook DVD WSJ!
30 550 genera, 9000 species! (Cinchona, Coffea, Galium, Gardenia, Psychotria)! Habit:! Rubiaceae (Coffee family)! Leaves:! Textbook DVD WSJ! Jim Riley!
31 Rubiaceae (Coffee family)! Inflorescence:! Flowers:! Sex of plant:! J. T. Columbus 2006! G. D. Carr 2006!
32 Rubiaceae (Coffee family)! Flower symmetry:! Perianth parts:! # of stamens:! G. D. Carr!
33 Rubiaceae (Coffee family)! # of pistils/flower:! G. D. Carr! # of carpels/pistil:! Ovary position:! G. D. Carr!
34 Rubiaceae (Coffee family)! Fruit type:! Copyright Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, ! Textbook DVD WSJ! G. D. Carr!
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