The definition and presentation of concept relations in a terminological database. Kaarina Pitkänen-Heikkilä LSP 2015, Vienna
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1 The definition and presentation of concept relations in a terminological database Kaarina Pitkänen-Heikkilä LSP 2015, Vienna
2 Project BFT and its purpose Funded by the Academy of Finland and the University of Helsinki in On the roadmap of the Finnish national-level research infrastructure in with FIN-CLARIN Purpose: to establish a bank of Finnish terminology for all disciplines of the arts and sciences practised in Finland -> a multilingual extensive terminology freely available to all researchers and citizens Three pilot projects: botany, linguistics, jurisprudence
3 BFT is wiki POSSIBILITIES Virtual collaboration platform Transparent Open accessibility and free interface The product of the work can be published through the same channel that is used to produce it CHALLENGES How to confirm the quality and consistency of the work How experts can find the time to contribute
4 Subject fields of the BFT at present
5 Examples of term entries in the BFT CONCEPT PAGES define concepts Astronomy: anomalia (anomaly) DESIGNATION PAGES combine all the subject fields Designation: anomalia
6 Concept page (Astronomy: anomaly) the angle between the direction of periapsis and the current position of an object on its orbit
7 Designation page: anomaly (Philosophy: contradictory observation in relation to the paradigm) (Linguistics: unnaturalness due to incongruity of meanings) (Biology: deviancy or malformation ) Language: Finnish Part of speech: noun Term type: simple
8 What is the most important concept relation? 1) Generic relation (raceme : inflorescence) raceme = an unbranched, elongated inflorescence with stalked flowers 2) Partitive relation (flower : floral leaf) flower = a structure of a plant that contains floral leaves Associative relations e.g. 3) Property (amplexicaul: leaf ) amplexicaul = (of a leaf) clasping the stem 4) Birth (fruit : ovary) fruit = a part of a plant developed from an ovary
9 CARPEL the ovule-bearing unit in angiosperms (BOTANY) synonyms in Finnish superordinate concept coordinated concept partitive concepts
10 OVARY the basal part of the pistil, containing the ovules superordinate concept: basal part property: inferior, superior, paracarpous, syncarpous comprehensive concept: pistil coordinate concepts of partitive relation: style, stigma
11 INFERIOR ovary being sunk into the receptacle, with the perianth inserted at the top of the ovary property s owner: ovary property s owner: ovary coordinate concept: superior
12 Limited crowdsourcing: How do people work in the BFT? IF YOU ARE A MEMBER OF AN EXPERT GROUP: Create new concept pages Write definitions, explanations Add pictures, equivalents in different languages Take part in discussions between subject fields IF YOU ARE AN ORDINARY USER OF THE BFT: Find definitions and equivalents for terms Give tips to expert groups (with a particular tool) Take part in discussions
13 Invocation of ontologies Ontology work benefits from BFT material Concept relations from experts The National Library of Finland uses definitions and concept relations from the BFT when correcting concept relations in their ontology Experiment in forming an ontology of plant morphology terms BFT s material shows that scientific concepts do not always have a generic superordinate concept; other concept relations may be much more important Converting such terminological material to an ontology is not simple if the concept relations are to be presented exactly as specialists have presented them in the BFT s wiki Mapping of gaps and complementing With the help of the ontology it is possible find conflicting relations between concept pages
14 Forming of definitions by crowdsourcing Definitions are not always systematic but they are understandable Coordinated concepts have differently formed definitions The most typical definition is formed with the help of a superordinate concept Theoretical concepts often have definitions with a word from the general language instead of a superordinate concept Definitions often contain many terms hypertext makes them possible however, definitions sometimes contain hidden definitions as well
15 Statistics: How much data and how many users does the BFT have? 37,000 concept pages 140,000 designation pages 10,000 weekly users (2/3 comes via Google) On working days users all the time, mainly from Finland April ,783 users 40,436 sessions 105,743 page viewing 2.61 pages/session Average length of session 2 min 8 s On working days approximately 1,900 users
16 The BFT in the Language policy of the University of Helsinki The University of Helsinki carries the overall responsibility for the Bank of Finnish Terminology in Arts and Sciences project, which it is currently coordinating on a fixed-term basis. In this way, the University serves as an international and national forerunner in creating a foundation for the development and spread of parallel language use. Terminology work can be counted as part of the doctoral studies or the 1,600-hour workload for teaching and research staff.
17 Currently in the project New financing application for Founding of new subject fields and expert groups planning of separate projects for various subject fields Consultation with experts and terminology maintenance Courses in concept analysis and terminology work at universities Call for Posters (deadline 30. August) for our conference October Crossing borders Terminological Resources and Open Science
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Question 1: What is meant by modification of root? What type of modification of root is found in the (a) Banyan tree (b) Turnip (c) Mangrove trees Primarily, there are two types of root systems found in