Female Choice in Gray Tree Frogs. Female Choice in Gray Tree Frogs
|
|
- Alban O’Neal’
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Female Choice in Gray Tree Frogs Female Choice in Gray Tree Frogs Research by Gerhardt et al. (1996). Males call to attract females. Males call to attract females Ribbet! Figure Tiny and super cute! Female gray tree frogs are choosy and prefer males with long calls Models of Female Preference Fisher s Runaway Sexual Selection Model Why should females prefer long tails or other such traits? What are the benefits to females of being choosy with respect to a character that appears to be a handicap? The basic goal of any model addressing this problem is to explain: 1. How is the cost of secondary sexual characteristics, that is, their disadvantageous affects on male survival, balanced or compensated for by increased attraction of females and reproductive success? 2. How does female preference for male characters that are disadvantageous for survival evolve in the first place? We'll consider two general models that have been developed to solve this problem. Genetic variation in a female preference and a male trait leads to assortative mating Assortative mating leads to genetic correlation between display and preference
2 Fisher s Runaway Sexual Selection Model Stabilizing selection leads to equilibrium display and preference values A change in display or preference leads to a correlated response in the other A Positive Feedback Loop Increased preference of male display in females The display optimal for survival Increased display in males Change This feedback loop reinforces the evolution of a more extreme display in males and preference for a more extreme display in females Fisher s Runaway Sexual Selection Model Change A change in preference or display can lead to a positive feedback loop driving the evolution of stronger preference and more extreme display The change (positive or negative) that initiates this positive feedback loop may arise via drift or selection. This general process is called runaway sexual selection. This sexual selection can result in the evolution of preferred displays that are suboptimal for male survival. Runaway Sexual Selection in Stalk-Eyed Flies? Research by Wilkinson and Reillo Teleopsis breviscopium
3 How Runaway Sexual Selection Works in Theory Variation in eyestalks and preferences should lead to assortative mating Whoa! How Runaway Sexual Selection Works in Theory Assortative mating of parents should produce genetic correlations between son s eyestalk length and daughter s preference within families. In this figure each point represents a family. How Runaway Sexual Selection Works in Theory Does Selection on Stalk Length in Males Produce a Correlated Response in Female Preference? Paired female-choice tests Preference Eyestalks A change in male eyestalks or in female preference due to drift or selection should produce a correlated response in the other trait. This change may initiate a positive feedback loop leading to runaway sexual selection for extreme male eyestalk length and female preference for extreme male eyestalk length. Wilkinson & Reillo s selection experiment 13 generations of selection: Control line: 10 males, 25 random females. Long-selected line: 10 males with the longest stalks from a pool of 50 random males; 25 random females. Short-selected line: 10 males with the shortest stalks from a pool of 50 random males; 25 random females. Figure 11.32
4 Implications of Wilkinson & Reillo s Results 1. They demonstrate that female stalk-eyed flies are choosy. 2. They demonstrate that both male eyestalk length and female preference are heritable. 3. They are consistent with Fisher s Runaway Sexual Selection prediction that selection on one trait - male eyestalk length - can produce a correlated evolutionary response in another trait - female preference. Other Reasons Why Females May be Choosy Examples from your textbook: Choosy females may have preexisting sensory biases and sexual selection on males to exploit these biases may lead to unusual male characteristics. For example, courtship behavior of male water mites. Choosy females may benefit directly through the acquisition of resources provided by courting males. For example, female hangingflies prefer males who present large prey gifts. And the longer it takes her to eat it, the longer the male gets to copulate with the female. Choosy females may get better genes for their offspring. We will consider this idea in greater detail Choosy Females May Get Better Genes for Their Offspring The Good Genes/Handicapped Male Hypothesis Suppose that in a population some males have multilocus genotypes that confer higher fitness (good genes) while others have combinations of genes that confer lower fitness (bad genes). Question: Good genes for what? The Good Genes/Handicapped Male Hypothesis Now suppose that some of the males in the population possess a handicap as an indicator of overall male quality Species with: Males with bad genes Males with good No male handicap: Live genes Live Male handicap: Die Live If only males with good genes can survive possessing such a handicap then a female who preferentially mates with handicapped males will be mating with the males that otherwise have good genes. Question: What sorts of handicaps may serve this function?
5 The Handicap Acts as an Indicator of Overall Male Genetic Quality Female choice for handicapped males will be favored by selection if the advantage gained through transmitting good genes to both her sons and daughters outweighs the cost to her sons of the handicap. If this is the case then the net quality of the choosy female's offspring will be higher than that of the randomly mating female and genes for both female choice and male handicap will increase in the population. Why Does the Handicap Have to be Costly? The cost of the handicap guarantees to females that it is a reliable indicator of a male s overall genetic quality. If the handicap were an inexpensive signal to females, then males with low quality genotypes would be under selection to cheat to look like handicapped males with good genes. If, in contrast, the signal favored by females is costly, such as growing a long and ostentatious tail, then selection will less automatically favor cheats. If truly high-quality males are more likely to survive with the handicap, then the handicap will be a reliable indicator to females of a male's overall genetic quality. The Good Genes/ Handicapped Male Hypothesis An experiment in gray tree frogs to test is calling displays given by males indicators of genetic quality. Figure Calling Displays and Male Genetic Quality in Gray Tree Frogs Experimental results: Red arrowheads indicate that aspiring of long callers did better. Blanks indicate no significant difference. Dashes indicate no data were taken. Overall, offspring of long-calling males had significantly better performance (p < ). Offspring of short-calling males never performed better. Does calling signals the genetic quality of males to females? Yes! Figure 11.42
6 The Nature of Good Genes - The Hamilton-Zuk Hypothesis The Nature of Good Genes - The Hamilton-Zuk Hypothesis Some biographical info... William Hamilton Marlene Zuk Female choice for handicapped males involves a preference for mates with good genes for parasite resistance: Some individuals may be genetically resistant to common parasites and have good genes Other individuals may be more easily parasitized and have bad genes. Selection should favor those females who pick healthy, parasite free males as mates because they would pass on the male's genes for resistance to their offspring. A special and important case of the Good Genes Hypothesis Bird mite in feathers The Hamilton-Zuk Hypothesis Moller Tested the Hamilton-Zuk Hypothesis using Barn Swallows Because plumage is costly to make and maintain it is a handicap that serves as a reliable indicator of overall good male health because a parasitized male cannot produce as attractive a plumage as can an unparasitized male Species with: Males with bad genes Males with good No male handicap: Appear healthy Appear genes healthy Male handicap: Appear unhealthy Appear healthy Again, why does the handicap have to be costly? A male's tail length is indicative of his good genes for resistance to mite parasites!
April 12: Reproduction III: Female choice. Female choice
April 12: Reproduction III: Female choice Female choice In general, females are expected to be choosier than males because they have more to lose by making bad mating decisions Costs and Benefits: Possible
More information13.17 Natural selection cannot fashion perfect organisms
13.17 Natural selection cannot fashion perfect organisms 1. Selection can only act on existing variation Natural selection cannot conjure up new beneficial alleles 2. Evolution is limited by historical
More information3/26/ Sexual dimorphism is differences between males and females of a species. 2. Anisogamy. 1. Fecundity
Sexual Dimorphism 1. Sexual dimorphism is differences between males and females of a species. 2. Anisogamy A. sexual reproduction involving the fusion of two dissimilar gametes;individuals producing the
More informationSexual selection. Intrasexual selection mating success determined by within-sex interactions e.g., male-male combat
Sexual dimorphism Sexual selection Is sexual selection different from natural selection? Darwin saw them as distinct - only sexual selection could produce traits that compromise survival The basic principle
More informationL567: From last time:
L567: From last time: Fisher: in Fisher s original presentation, he considered female preference for male traits that were initially favored by natural selection. This could lead to a covariance between
More informationSexual selection and the evolution of sex differences
Sexual selection and the evolution of sex differences Males and females have the same genes. Why do the sexes often look and act so differently? Why is the male often insanely ornamented? (Or simply insane?)
More information12/3/2012. I. Benefits of mate choice. A. Direct benefits. Examples of Female Choice. Mechanisms of Sexual Selection. A.
Examples of Female Choice Mechanisms of Sexual Selection A. Mate competition B. Mate choice green frogs common terns mottled sculpins smooth newts elephant seals three-spined sticklebacks house finches
More informationSexual selection. 1) Sexual dimorphism. 2) Variation in mating success. 3) Sexual selection. 4) Female choice based on male ornaments
Sexual selection 1) Sexual dimorphism 2) Variation in mating success 3) Sexual selection 4) Female choice based on male ornaments 5) The evolution of female preference 1) Sexual dimorphism http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/file:descent_of_man_-_figure_16.jpg
More informationWhat is sex? What about asexual reproduction? What is sexual reproduction?
BIOL2007 EVOLUTION OF SEX AND SEXUAL SELECTION Kanchon Dasmahapatra EVOLUTIONARY QUESTIONS ABOUT SEX Today: A) The evolution of sex 1) What is the advantage of sex? B) Ev. of sexual dimorphism - sexual
More informationGood resources. Why are females choosy? Good resources. Resources from males can tip the scales of relative investment
Why are females choosy? Good resources direct benefits Good genes indirect benefits Sexy son hypothesis (Fisher) Handicap hypothesis (Zahavi) Good genes for sons, daughters Good resources courtship feeding
More informationGood resources. Why are females choosy? Good resources. Good resources direct benefits Good genes indirect benefits
Why are females choosy? Good resources direct benefits Good genes indirect benefits Sexy son hypothesis (Fisher) Handicap hypothesis (Zahavi) Good genes for sons, daughters courtship feeding Good resources
More informationBird Mating Systems/Sexual Selection
Bird Mating Systems/Sexual Selection Why study mating systems? What are the ecological conditions under which different mating systems arise? Implications for evolution mating is where genes are passed
More informationEnSt/Bio 295 Exam II This test is worth 100 points; you have approximately 50 minutes. Allocate your time accordingly.
Name: 1 NAME: EnSt/Bio 295 Exam II This test is worth 100 points; you have approximately 50 minutes. Allocate your time accordingly. 1) Describe the following concepts in a few sentences (2 points each)
More informationMeiotic drive and evolution of female choice
Meiotic drive and evolution of female choice K. Reinhold *, L. Engqvist, B. Misof and J. Kurtz Institut fïr Evolutionsbiologie und O «kologie der UniversitÌt Bonn, An der Immenburg 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
More informationBio 1M: Evolutionary processes
Bio 1M: Evolutionary processes Evolution by natural selection Is something missing from the story I told last chapter? Heritable variation in traits Selection (i.e., differential reproductive success)
More informationHow to Escape a Predator Featured scientists: Amy Worthington and John Swallow from Washington State University and University of Colorado, Denver
How to Escape a Predator Featured scientists: Amy Worthington and John Swallow from Washington State University and University of Colorado, Denver Research Background: Stalk-eyed flies are insects that
More informationr = intrinsic rate of natural increase = the instantaneous rate of change in population size (per individual). If r > 0, then increasing
Zoology 357 - Evolutionary Ecology - First Exam 1. (6 points) List three types of natural selection and show how the population changes over time (graph the initial phenotype frequency distribution and
More informationLectures 7 & 8 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 & Friday, October 14, 2011
Lectures 7 & 8 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 & Friday, October 14, 2011 Recombination Diploid organisms: The first step in sexual reproduction is the production of gametes, each of which has half the chromosomes
More informationSexual selection Introduction. Sexual selection Introduction. Sexual selection Introduction. Sexual selection Classification
Introduction 1 Introduction 2 Individuals rarely mate at random for a number of reasons: Dispersal may be limited Individuals may or may not be able to self Individuals may reproduce asexually Individuals
More informationEVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY BIOS EXAM #2 FALL 2017
EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY BIOS 30305 EXAM #2 FALL 2017 There are 3 parts to this exam. Use your time efficiently and be sure to put your name on the top of each page. Part I. True (T) or False (F) (2 points
More informationSome observations. Some traits are difficult to view as adaptations, because they appear to provide a disadvantage to the organism
Some traits are difficult to view as adaptations, because they appear to provide a disadvantage to the organism Darwin asked: Can natural selection explain these differences? Structural traits: cumbersome
More informationThe sight of a feather in a peacock s tail, whenever I gaze at it, makes me sick. --Charles Darwin 1887
The sight of a feather in a peacock s tail, whenever I gaze at it, makes me sick. --Charles Darwin 1887 1 Outline causes sexual selection vs. natural selection sexual selection during courtship male-male
More informationThe selfish gene. mitochondrium
The selfish gene selection acts mostly for the benefit of the individual sometimes selection may act for the benefit of relatives rarely, selection acts for the benefit of the group mitochondrium in asexual
More informationThis question is taken directly from the list of second test study questions (#6) it should not be a surprise...
1. Female choice of males that have exaggerated characters has been explained by female choice of males that have better genes. Explain how female choice of higher quality males might lead to exaggerated
More informationMicroevolution Changing Allele Frequencies
Microevolution Changing Allele Frequencies Evolution Evolution is defined as a change in the inherited characteristics of biological populations over successive generations. Microevolution involves the
More informationWednesday, September 12, 12. Whiptail Lizard
Whiptail Lizard Sexual Selection Charles Darwin and Alfred Russell Wallace Noticed that males of many species have highly elaborated traits that seem maladaptive (secondary sexual characters) Antlers
More informationAll discussion of mating strategies and sex differences begins with Darwin s theory of Sexual Selection
All discussion of mating strategies and sex differences begins with Darwin s theory of Sexual Selection Intrasexual Natural Selection Sexual Selection Survival Mating Success Parental Care Intrasexual
More informationeyestalks make quick turns more difficult, we might expect there to be a trade-off between attracting mates and flight.
Stalk-eyed Fly Relay Race: Do eyestalks affect turning behavior? Written by: Brooke Ravanelli and John Swallow Partners with the research presented in The Flight of the Stalk-Eyed Fly Data Nugget Biology
More informationLecture Outline. Darwin s Theory of Natural Selection. Modern Theory of Natural Selection. Changes in frequencies of alleles
1. Basics of Natural Selection Lecture Outline 2. How to test for the key components of natural selection a. Variation b. Heritability c. Can the trait respond to selection? d. What are the selective forces?
More information12/3/2012. Sexual Conflict. grebe. High potential for intersexual conflict
Sexual Conflict or? grebe High potential for intersexual conflict 1 Intersexual Conflict: Outline for Today 1) An anecdote and an experiment 2) The concept of interlocus sexual conflict 3) Grounds for
More informationCh. 23 The Evolution of Populations
Ch. 23 The Evolution of Populations 1 Essential question: Do populations evolve? 2 Mutation and Sexual reproduction produce genetic variation that makes evolution possible What is the smallest unit of
More information11.1 Genetic Variation Within Population. KEY CONCEPT A population shares a common gene pool.
KEY CONCEPT A population shares a common gene pool. Genetic variation in a population increases the chance that some individuals will survive. Genetic variation leads to phenotypic variation. Phenotypic
More informationAdaptation and Optimality Theory
Adaptation and Optimality Theory Prisoner s Dilemma game: An optimality model What is the optimal strategy when you are playing with different people of unknown reputation? Defect: We call this the evolutionarily
More information1. (6 pts) a. Can all characteristics of organisms be explained by natural selection? Explain your answer in a sentence (3 pts)
Zoology 357 - Evolutionary Ecology - First Exam 1. (6 pts) a. Can all characteristics of organisms be explained by natural selection? Explain your answer in a sentence (3 pts) b. Name two non-selectionist
More informationTesting Sensory Bias. Why are females choosy? Sensory Bias. Sensory bias. 1. Direct benefits. 2. Runaway sexual selection. 3.
Why are females choosy? 1. Direct benefits 2. Runaway sexual selection 3. Sensory bias 4. Good genes Sensory Bias 1. Runaway sexual selection predicts females can have preferences for male traits that
More informationSelection at one locus with many alleles, fertility selection, and sexual selection
Selection at one locus with many alleles, fertility selection, and sexual selection Introduction It s easy to extend the Hardy-Weinberg principle to multiple alleles at a single locus. In fact, we already
More informationLekking and the Lek Paradox
Lekking and the Lek Paradox Mating Systems 5. Lekking: One sex (usually males) provides only genes to their mate. No direct benefits are passed to the mate. 6. Cooperative: Some individuals forgo reproduction
More informationMECHANISMS AND PATTERNS OF EVOLUTION
MECHANISMS AND PATTERNS OF EVOLUTION Evolution What is it again? Evolution is the change in allele frequencies of a population over generations Mechanisms of Evolution what can make evolution happen? 1.
More informationThe behavioral ecology of animal reproduction
The behavioral ecology of animal reproduction I. Introduction to Behavioral Ecology Behavioral ecologists test hypotheses about the adaptive function of a behavior Behavioral Ecology Behavioral ecologists
More informationEvolution. Determining Allele Frequency These frogs are diploid, thus have two copies of their genes for color. Determining Allele Frequency
Evolution Microevolution Changing Allele Frequencies Evolution is defined as a change in the inherited characteristics of biological populations over successive generations. Microevolution involves the
More informationAuthors Knowing something about the authors can illuminate the topic of the paper. Where does Robert Brooks work, and what does he usually research?
Dissecting a scientific paper about evolutionary biology II Now that you ve had a guided tour of one scientific paper, it s time to attack another one with a little less assistance. The sections below
More informationTest of indirect models of selection in the Trinidad guppy
Heredity 73 (1994) 291 297 Genetical Society of Great Britain Received 18 January 1994 Test of indirect models of selection in the Trinidad guppy FELIX BREDEN* & KELLY HORNADAYt Department of Biological
More informationBeebops Genetics and Evolution Teacher Information
STO-105 Beebops Genetics and Evolution Teacher Information Summary In Part 1 students model meiosis and fertilization using chromosomes/genes from fictitious Beebop parents. They decode the genes in the
More informationWhiptail Lizard Sexual Selection
Whiptail Lizard Sexual Selection Charles Darwin and Alfred Russell Wallace Noticed that males of many species have highly elaborated traits that seem maladaptive (secondary sexual characters) 1 2 Antlers
More informationEVOLUTION MICROEVOLUTION CAUSES OF MICROEVOLUTION. Evolution Activity 2.3 page 1
AP BIOLOGY EVOLUTION ACTIVITY 2.3 NAME DATE HOUR MICROEVOLUTION MICROEVOLUTION CAUSES OF MICROEVOLUTION Evolution Activity 2.3 page 1 QUESTIONS: 1. Use the key provided to identify the microevolution cause
More informationCHAPTER 16 POPULATION GENETICS AND SPECIATION
CHAPTER 16 POPULATION GENETICS AND SPECIATION MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which of the following describes a population? a. dogs and cats living in Austin, Texas b. four species of fish living in a pond c. dogwood
More informationGoals: Be able to. Sexual Dimorphism
Goals: Be able to Connect sexual dimorphism and sexual selection. Use parental investment arguments to describe why sexual selection occurs. Explain why long male peacock tails are an indicator of good
More informationdisadvantages of sexual reproduction Only 50% of your genome is in your offspring.
disadvantages of sexual reproduction... 1. Only 50% of your genome is in your offspring. 2. Your good traits (assume they are good because you have survived to the point of reproduction) are victimized
More informationEvolutionary mismatch of mating preferences and male colour patterns in guppies
Anim. Behav., 1997, 53, 343 351 Evolutionary mismatch of mating preferences and male colour patterns in guppies ANNE E. HOUDE & MELISSA A. HANKES Department of Biology, Lake Forest College (Received 31
More informationMicroevolution: The Forces of Evolutionary Change Part 2. Lecture 23
Microevolution: The Forces of Evolutionary Change Part 2 Lecture 23 Outline Conditions that cause evolutionary change Natural vs artificial selection Nonrandom mating and sexual selection The role of chance
More information- These unique traits and behaviours are only seen in one sex
Coyne chapter 6 how sex drives evolution for lec 6 and 7 - Peacock with its blue tail violates every aspect of Darwin because the traits that make him beautiful is making him maladaptive for survival because
More informationNAME: PID: Group Name: BioSci 110, Fall 08 Exam 3
For questions 1 and 2 use the phylogeny to the right. 1. With what group of species do rodents share the most traits? a. amphibians b. dinosaurs and birds c. *primates d. ray-finned fish e. sharks 2. Which
More informationBi412/512 Animal Behavior, Exam 1 Practice Page 1
Bi412/512 Animal Behavior, Exam 1 Practice Page 1 1. Suppose you observe that song sparrows sing more at dawn than at other times of the day. Hmm, maybe singing early in the morning communicates to female
More informationDEFINITIONS: POPULATION: a localized group of individuals belonging to the same species
DEFINITIONS: POPULATION: a localized group of individuals belonging to the same species SPECIES: a group of populations whose individuals have the potential to interbreed and produce fertile offspring
More informationHow Populations Evolve
Chapter 16: pp. 283-298 BIOLOGY 10th Edition How Populations Evolve 10% of population Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. natural disaster kills five
More informationFILM SESSIONS. Film session I - Behaviour of Communication (September 30)
FILM SESSIONS Film session I - Behaviour of Communication (September 30) 1. Talking to Strangers (60 min.) 1 This film surveys some of the general communication signals used by animals from diverse taxa,
More informationDarwin and sexual selection. Formulated and expanded by Darwin in 1871: The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex
Sexual selection Sexual selection Sexually reproducing animals often exhibit variance in mating success driven by choices made by potential mates, or competition with members of the same sex This variance
More informationTest Bank. Chapter 2. Abrams, Sexuality and Its Disorders SAGE Publishing, 2017
Test Bank Chapter 2 1. Is the male female dichotomy an appropriate mode of defining gender? Why, or why not? Ans: The male female dichotomy is strongly embodied in most of cultures, religions, and even
More informationThe Evolution of Sex. Or, why do we even need males?
The Evolution of Sex Or, why do we even need males? Sexual VS Asexual reproduction Sexual Fewer offspring/individual Only half of genes passed on Good genotypes are lost Offspring are variable Asexual
More informationSEX AND REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS
Chapter 15 SEX AND REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS Genetic system refers to the way a species reproduces itself: sexually or asexually, self-fertilize or outcross, hermaphroditic or have separate sexes. THE EVOLUTION
More information1.4 Historical Particulars and General laws
14 What Is Evolutionary Theory? Darwin had no evidence for his position; it means that his argument was more complex than might first appear. Matters are much more straightforward now. Modern biologists
More informationTopic 17: Mating Systems. Reproduction. How are natural, fecundity & sexual selection different? Why does sexual dimorphism evolve?
Topic 17: Mating Systems Why does sexual dimorphism evolve? How are natural, fecundity and sexual selection different? What is fitness? How does each one work? Reproduction Mating Last lecture Development
More information8 Signaling Games. 1 For a review of evidence for costly signaling in birds and fish in the form of
8 Signaling Games This above all: to thine own self be true, And it must follow, as the night the day, Thou canst not then be false to any man. Shakespeare 8.1 Signaling as a Coevolutionary Process A Thompson
More informationChapter 23. Population Genetics. I m from the shallow end of the gene pool AP Biology
Chapter 23. Population Genetics I m from the shallow end of the gene pool 1 Essential Questions How can we measure evolutionary change in a population? What produces the variation that makes evolution
More informationThe plant of the day Pinus longaeva Pinus aristata
The plant of the day Pinus longaeva Pinus aristata Today s Topics Non-random mating Genetic drift Population structure Big Questions What are the causes and evolutionary consequences of non-random mating?
More informationChapter on Sexual Selection. by Michael J. Wade and Stephen M. Shuster
1-1 Chapter on Sexual Selection by Michael J. Wade and Stephen M. Shuster "When the males and females of any animal have the same general habits of life, but differ in structure, colour, or ornament, such
More informationSexual Selection. Charles Darwin and Alfred Russell Wallace
Whiptail Lizard Sexual Selection Charles Darwin and Alfred Russell Wallace Noticed that males of many species have highly elaborated traits that seem maladaptive (secondary sexual characters) Antlers
More informationComplex Traits Activity INSTRUCTION MANUAL. ANT 2110 Introduction to Physical Anthropology Professor Julie J. Lesnik
Complex Traits Activity INSTRUCTION MANUAL ANT 2110 Introduction to Physical Anthropology Professor Julie J. Lesnik Introduction Human variation is complex. The simplest form of variation in a population
More informationEEB 122b FIRST MIDTERM
EEB 122b FIRST MIDTERM Page 1 1 Question 1 B A B could have any slope (pos or neg) but must be above A for all values shown The axes above relate individual growth rate to temperature for Daphnia (a water
More informationUnderstanding Evolution (http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/evo_25)
1 Understanding Evolution (http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/evo_25) Natural selection Natural selection is one of the basic mechanisms of evolution, along with mutation, migration, and
More informationLecture 4: Sexual Selection & Female Choice. Differential Investment. Differential Investment in Mammals. Triver s Hypothesis.
Lecture 4: Sexual Selection & Female Choice Differential investment Classic views of male-female behavioral differences Natural Selection Sexual Selection Inter-sexual choice Intra-sexual competition Inter-sexual
More informationEvolutionary Forces. What changes populations?
Evolutionary Forces What changes populations? Forces of evolutionary change Natural selection traits that improve survival or reproduction accumulate in the population ADAPTIVE change Genetic drift frequency
More informationBIOL 364 Population Biology Fairly testing the theory of evolution by natural selection with playing cards
BIOL 364 Population Biology Fairly testing the theory of evolution by natural selection with playing cards Game I: The Basics Scenario: Our classroom is now a closed population (no immigration or emigration)
More informationReproduction. Chapter 7
Reproduction Chapter 7 Sexual Selection Darwin's theory to explain traits that aren't obviously advantageous https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ll30qttsz9u Bower Birds Bower Birds She builds the nest, cares
More informationChapter 15: The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance
Name Period Chapter 15: The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance Concept 15.1 Mendelian inheritance has its physical basis in the behavior of chromosomes 1. What is the chromosome theory of inheritance? 2.
More informationCHAPTER 20 LECTURE SLIDES
CHAPTER 20 LECTURE SLIDES To run the animations you must be in Slideshow View. Use the buttons on the animation to play, pause, and turn audio/text on or off. Please note: once you have used any of the
More informationPicture a man who has a way
How Females Choose Their Mates Females often prefer to mate with the most flamboyant males. Their choice may be based on a complex interaction between instinct and imitation by Lee Alan Dugatkin and Jean-Guy
More informationSo what is a species?
So what is a species? Evolutionary Forces New Groups Biological species concept defined by Ernst Mayr population whose members can interbreed & produce viable, fertile offspring reproductively compatible
More informationFrom so simple a beginning, endless forms so beautiful and wonderful have been and are being evolved
VariaTiOn: The KEY to Evolu4on SWBAT describe how natural selec4on acts on genes. From so simple a beginning, endless forms so beautiful and wonderful have been and are being evolved 1 Charles Darwin (the
More informationSexual Selection. Male and female. Lukas Schärer. Evolutionary Biology Zoological Institute University of Basel
Sexual Selection Lukas Schärer! Evolutionary Biology Zoological Institute University of Basel 1 8.11.2017 Advanced-level Evolutionary Biology Male and female 2 Summary: Sexual Selection defining sexual
More informationLECTURE 06. Today: Follow up on minute papers Modes of selection Non random mating Sexual selection Guest speaker: Dr. Daniel Fergus Summary 2/17/2014
Spring 2014: Mondays 10:15am 12:05pm (Fox Hall, Room 204) Instructor: D. Magdalena Sorger Website: theantlife.com/teaching/bio295-islands-evolution LECTURE 06 Today: Follow up on minute papers Modes of
More informationEvolution of Mating Systems. Chapter 8
Evolution of Mating Systems Chapter 8 Mating Systems-Chapter 8 1 Monogamy 2 Polyandry 3 Polygyny And the many combinations within! Why should a male be monogamous? 1 extension of guarding, little chance
More informationTypes of behaviors that are elicited in response to simple stimuli
Lecture 19: Animal Behavior I. Background A. Animal behavior reflects and arises from biological properties 1. Exhibited behavior defends on the physiological systems and processes unique to a given organism
More informationAnti-predator behavior: Group defense - Many eyes - Selfish herd - Dilution effects - Tonic immobility. Dispersal:
Note: These are just the topics that have been covered since Exam 2. The exams are cumulative, so all the material that we have covered in this course can be included in the Final. However, there will
More informationHow Organisms Evolve Chapters The Theory of Evolution. The Theory of Evolution. Evolution can be traced through the fossil record.
How Organisms Evolve Chapters 14-15 The Theory of Evolution Evolution is the process of change in the inherited traits of a population of organisms from one generation to the next. The inherited traits
More information# 10. Sexual Selection. Dr. Michael Ryan January 26, 2001
# 10 Sexual Selection Dr. Michael Ryan January 26, 2001 Produced by and for Hot Science - Cool Talks by the Environmental Science Institute. We request that the use of these materials include an acknowledgement
More informationSpeciation: Part 2! So, how do genetic barriers to gene flow evolve?!
Speciation: Part 2 1. Review of the biological barriers that limit gene flow between populations and species. 2. Back to Darwin's problem: Q: How do these biological barriers (reproductive isolating mechanisms)
More informationSignal Costs and Constraints
Signal Costs and Constraints Costs to senders of signaling Costs to receivers Constraints on senders and receivers Transmission constraints Reading: Ch. 17 Peer evaluation of group projects Please evaluate
More informationUnit 4 Genetics. 3. Categorize the following characteristics below as being influenced by genetics or the environment.
Unit 4 Genetics TEKS 7.14A and 7.14C 1. Define heredity 1.Heredity = the passing of traits from parents to offspring 2. In some countries there is high population of individuals with straight hair verses
More informationNovember 4, 2009 Bioe 109 Fall 2009 Lecture 17 The evolution of mating systems. The evolution of sex ratio
November 4, 2009 Bioe 109 Fall 2009 Lecture 17 The evolution of mating systems The evolution of sex ratio - let us define sex ratio as the proportion of males to females. - in discussing the evolution
More informationEuropean Society for Evolutionary Biology ORAL PRESENTATION ABSTRACTS AND LIST OF POSTERS
European Society for Evolutionary Biology ORAL PRESENTATION ABSTRACTS AND LIST OF POSTERS 12 th Congress, Turin, Italy, 24-29 August 2009 The evolution of conflict and cooperation: when theory meets data
More informationASSOCIATION BETWEEN SEX RATIO DISTORTION AND SEXUALLY ANTAGONISTIC FITNESS CONSEQUENCES OF FEMALE CHOICE
doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00692.x ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SEX RATIO DISTORTION AND SEXUALLY ANTAGONISTIC FITNESS CONSEQUENCES OF FEMALE CHOICE Tim Connallon 1,2 and Erin Jakubowski 1 1 Department of Ecology
More informationChapter 15 Review Page 1
hapter 15 Review Page 1 1 ased on the results of this cross, you determine that the allele for round eyes is linked to the allele for no tooth. round eyes are dominant to vertical eyes, and the absence
More informationMale sexual ornament size but not asymmetry re ects condition in stalk-eyed ies
Male sexual ornament size but not asymmetry re ects condition in stalk-eyed ies Patrice David 1,3, Andrew Hingle 1, Duncan Greig 1,4, Adam Rutherford 1,2, Andrew Pomiankowski 1 and Kevin Fowler 1* 1 The
More informationTOWARD A CLASSIFICATION TABLE OF HUMAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ADAPTATIONS
TOWARD A CLASSIFICATION TABLE OF HUMAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ADAPTATIONS Michael E. Mills Psychology Department Loyola Marymount University Los Angeles, CA 93117 Email: mmills@lmu.edu Poster presented at the Human
More informationRunaway ornament diversity caused by Fisherian sexual selection (limit cycle speciation sexual traits mate choice)
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 95, pp. 5106 5111, April 1998 Evolution Runaway ornament diversity caused by Fisherian sexual selection (limit cycle speciation sexual traits mate choice) ANDREW POMIANKOWSKI*
More informationEXAM II Biology 2013_001 Evolution - Ray Page 1/5 Name 1iObh
EXAM II Biology 2013_001 Evolution - Ray Page 1/5 Name 1iObh Multiple choice questions (3 points each unless otherwise noted) 1. The Hardy-Weinberg theorem is an important mathematical concept because
More informationEffect of act on fitness of recipient
Kin selection (inclusive fitness) and social behavior These worker ants are sterile, and they differ greatly from their queens and males. Darwin was troubled by social-insect workers, because they have
More informationTypes of Mating Systems
The Human Mating System Note: this is the stereotypical EP view (e.g., Buss) Types of Mating Systems Random Monogamy Polygyny: variance in male reproductive success > variance in female reproductive success
More informationNatural Selection. species: a group of organisms that can interbreed and produce viable, fertile offspring
Imagine that you and your classmates are taking a nature hike through a nearby desert ecosystem. The hot sun is beating down on you, and you begin to wonder how anything could live in this harsh climate.
More information