Running Hot and Cold A GIS investigation

Transcription

1 P NAME Running ot n ol A Glol prsptiv: Running ot n ol DAE Answr ll qustions on th stunt nswr sht hnout In this tivity, you will nlyz monthly n nnul tmprtur pttrns in itis roun th worl. You will xplor how ltitu, lvtion, n proximity to th on inlun tmprtur pttrns in th worl s tropil, tmprt, n polr zons. Stp 1 Strt ArMp Doul-lik th ArMp ion on your omputr s sktop. I th ArMp strt-up ilog pprs, lik An xisting mp n lik K. hn go to stp 2. MDULE 3 PYSIAL GEGRAPY II: ESYSEMS, LIMAE, AND VEGEAIN 123

2 Glol prsptiv: Running ot n ol Stp 2 pn th Glol3.mx il In this xris, mp oumnt hs n rt or you. o opn it, go to th Fil mnu n hoos pn. P Nvigt to th moul 3 olr (:\MpWorl9\Mo3) n hoos Glol3.mx (or Glol3) rom th list. lik pn. Whn th mp oumnt opns, you s worl mp. urn on th Avrg Yrly mprtur lyr. 124 MDULE 3 PYSIAL GEGRAPY II: ESYSEMS, LIMAE, AND VEGEAIN

3 P Stp 3 srv nnul worl tmprtur pttrns Glol prsptiv: Running ot n ol h symols on th mp rprsnt itis roun th worl. h olor o h symol rlts n vrg o tmprturs ror throughout th yr in tht ity (in grs Fhrnhit). Look t th glol tmprtur pttrns isply in th mp. Writ thr osrvtions out th pttrn o tmprturs isply on th mp. Your osrvtions shoul glol in sop, not ous on spii ountry or ity. lik th hk mrk nxt to th Avrg Yrly mprtur lyr to turn it o. Stp 4 Ll th ltitu zons urn on th Ltitu n Longitu lyr. In th tl o ontnts, right-lik Ltitu n Longitu n lik Proprtis. lik th Lls t. At th top o th Lls t, lik th hk ox nxt to Ll turs in this lyr. Noti tht NAME is lry hosn s th il to us or lling. In th xt Symol stion, us th rop-own rrows to st th ont to Aril n th siz to 9. St th styl to Bol. lik K. h mjor ltitu n longitu lins r ll on th mp. Not: In orr to isply th ll or th prim mriin, you my n to zoom in or nlrg your mp oumnt winow. MDULE 3 PYSIAL GEGRAPY II: ESYSEMS, LIMAE, AND VEGEAIN 125

4 Glol prsptiv: Running ot n ol For th purposs o this xris, th rs twn th mjor ltitu lins rprsnt iv zons o ltitu. h tl low nms h ltitu zon n th r it ovrs. NAME F LAIUDE ZNE AREA I VERS IS BEWEEN ESE LAIUDES P North Polr Zon North mprt Zon ropil Zon South mprt Zon South Polr Zon Arti irl n North Pol ropi o nr n Arti irl ropi o nr n ropi o priorn ropi o priorn n Antrti irl Antrti irl n South Pol Now you will ll h o ths zons on your mp. n th Drw toolr t th ottom o th ArMp winow, us th rop-own rrows to st th ont to Aril, th siz to 9, n th styl to Bol. Not: I you on t s th Drw toolr, right-lik in th gry r nr th top o th ArMp winow n lik Drw to turn it on. g lik th Font olor rop-own rrow n hoos p violt olor. h i Zoom in to th r twn th Arti irl n th North Pol. n th Drw toolr, lik th Nw xt tool. h ursor turns into plus sign with th lttr A whn you mov it ovr th mp. 126 MDULE 3 PYSIAL GEGRAPY II: ESYSEMS, LIMAE, AND VEGEAIN

5 P Glol prsptiv: Running ot n ol j lik th mp somwhr ov th Arti irl. A xt ox pprs. k yp North Polr Zon in th ox n prss Entr. h North Polr Zon is now ll in violt on th mp. l Ll h o th rmining zons using th sm prour you us to ll th North Polr Zon. Not: You n us th sroll r to th right o th mp isply or th Pn tool to mov up or own on your mp. m n lik th Full Extnt utton to s th whol worl. In th tl o ontnts, right-lik Ltitu n Longitu n lik Ll Fturs to turn o th ltitu n longitu (lk) lls. Now you r lt with th nw ltitu zons (violt) lls. Not: You n toggl lls on n o y right-liking lyr n liking Ll Fturs. A hk mrk on th mnu nxt to Ll Fturs inits tht lls r turn on. o p q r lik th Slt Elmnts tool. lik n rg ny ll on th mp tht you wnt to mov. Mov th lls so thy ovr on r n vry littl o th ontinnts. urn on th Avrg Yrly mprtur lyr. srv th tmprtur pttrns s thy orrspon to th ltitu zons. lik th Intiy tool. h Intiy Rsults winow opns. lik th Lyrs rop-own rrow n hoos Avrg Yrly mprtur. s Us th Intiy tool to lik on itis n gt th nssry inormtion to omplt th tl on your nswr sht. Rmmr: Eh ot rprsnts ity. (1) Why o you think thr rn t ny itis in th North or South Polr Zons? (2) ow is th North mprt Zon irnt rom th South mprt Zon? t urn o Avrg Yrly mprtur n los th Intiy Rsults winow. MDULE 3 PYSIAL GEGRAPY II: ESYSEMS, LIMAE, AND VEGEAIN 127

6 Glol prsptiv: Running ot n ol Stp 5 srv limt istriution lik th A Dt utton. Nvigt to th moul 3 lyr ils olr (:\MpWorl9\Mo3\Dt\LyrFils). Slt limt.lyr n lik A. P h limt lyr isplys th rgions o th worl hrtriz y irnt typs o limt. (1) omplt th tl on your nswr sht. (2) Whih zon hs th grtst numr o limts? urn on th Avrg Yrly mprtur lyr. Giv n xmpl o ity in h o th limt zons list in th nswr sht. int: Us th Intiy tool to gt th nms o th irnt itis. Ask your thr or instrutions on how to rnm n sv this mp oumnt. Ror th nw nm o th mp oumnt n its nw lotion on your nswr sht. Ask your thr i you shoul xit ArMp now. Skip to stp 6 i you r ontinuing to work. From th Fil mnu, lik Exit. Stp 6 srv monthly tmprtur pttrns in th Northrn misphr Strt ArMp n nvigt to th olr whr you sv your mp oumnt. Rr to your nswr sht or its nm n lotion. pn th mp oumnt. In th tl o ontnts, lik th minus sign in ront o th Worl mprtur Pttrns t rm to ollps it. lik th plus sign in ront o th Worl itis t rm to xpn it. Right-lik Worl itis n lik Ativt. 128 MDULE 3 PYSIAL GEGRAPY II: ESYSEMS, LIMAE, AND VEGEAIN

7 P Glol prsptiv: Running ot n ol You s mp ntr on North Amri showing itis, rivrs, n lks. h symol or Boston is highlight on th mp. Not: I your mp looks irnt thn th on pitur ov, us th Zoom In tool to rg ox roun North Amri. lik th ools mnu, point to Grphs, n lik Monthly mprtur. h grph, Monthly mprtur, isplys th monthly tmprturs or Boston. You r going to slt itionl itis on th mp, ut irst you ll rposition th grph n st th sltl lyr to itis. g lik th grph s titl r n rg it to lotion whr you n still s th mp. At th ottom o th tl o ontnts, lik th Sltion t. Noti tht on ity (Boston) is slt. lik th hk ox or vry lyr xpt itis to unhk thm. h i j lik th Disply t to show th tl o ontnts gin. lik th Slt Fturs tool. lik on Mimi t th southrn tip o Flori. Not: ol your mous pointr ovr ity to isply its nm. Noti tht oth th mp n th grph hv hng. (1) Wht os th grph show now? (2) Wht ity is highlight on th mp? k l m n o ol own th Shit ky n slt Boston gin on th mp. (1) Wht os th grph show now? (2) Wht ity or itis r highlight on th mp? Us th Monthly mprtur grph to ompr th pttrn o monthly tmprturs in Mimi to th pttrn o monthly tmprturs in Boston. omplt th tl on your nswr sht. ol own th Shit ky n lik on th ity northst o Boston. (1) Wht is th nm o th ity? (2) ow os its monthly tmprtur pttrn ir rom Boston s? ol own th Shit ky n lik on th losst ity south o Mimi. (1) Wht is th nm o th ity? (2) ow os its monthly tmprtur pttrn ir rom Mimi s? List th nm o h o th itis isply in th grph n omplt th inormtion in th tl on th nswr sht. MDULE 3 PYSIAL GEGRAPY II: ESYSEMS, LIMAE, AND VEGEAIN 129

8 Glol prsptiv: Running ot n ol Not: o in ity s ltitu, pus your ursor ovr th ity symol on th mp. Whn you o this, th oorints o tht ity r isply on th sttus r t th ottom o th ArMp winow. h oorints r isply in iml grs, whih mns tht th oorints r xprss s iml rthr thn in grs, minuts, n sons. Ltitus north o th qutor n longitus st o th prim mriin r positiv numrs, whrs ltitus south n longitus wst r ngtiv numrs. P p Bs on th inormtion isply in th grph, th mp, n th tl on your nswr sht, stt hypothsis out how th monthly tmprtur pttrns hng s ltitu inrss. Stp 7 st your hypothsis At th top o th ArMp winow, lik th Sltion mnu n lik lr Slt Fturs. Not: h Monthly mprtur grph now shows mny lins. ArMp grphs ll o th turs in th itis lyr whn non r slt. g lik th Pn tool. lik th mp n pn ovr to Wstrn Europ. lik th Fin tool. h Fin ilog isplys. yp Stokholm in th Fin txt ox n lik Fin. A ror (row) isplys in th whit ox t th ottom o th ilog. Right-lik th row n lik Slt Ftur(s). Stokholm is highlight in lu on th mp. los th Fin ilog. lik th Slt Fturs tool. ol own th Shit ky n slt thr mor Europn itis tht r inrsingly south o Stokholm. h ity nms ppr in th grph n th itis r highlight on th mp. Not: o unslt ity tht you slt y mistk, hol own th Shit ky n lik on it. o mk th lgn on th grph mor rl, nlrg th grph winow y rgging ny o its orrs. (1) omplt th tl on th nswr sht. (2) Do th itis you slt onirm or isput your hypothsis? Explin. 130 MDULE 3 PYSIAL GEGRAPY II: ESYSEMS, LIMAE, AND VEGEAIN

9 P Stp 8 Anlyz tmprtur pttrns in th Southrn misphr Glol prsptiv: Running ot n ol You v lry m hypothsis out how ltitu ts monthly tmprtur pttrns in th Northrn misphr. Now you will xplor th t o ltitu on th monthly tmprtur pttrns within th Southrn misphr. lik th Sltion mnu n lik lr Slt Fturs. lik th Pn tool n rposition th mp so it is ntr on Austrli. lik th Fin tool to lot n slt th ity o Drwin s you i in stps 7 7. los th Fin ilog. lik th Slt Fturs tool. ol own th Shit ky n lik th thr itis on Austrli s strn n southrn osts. omplt th tl on your nswr sht. Bs on th inormtion isply on th grph, th mp, n th tl you just omplt, ompr th monthly tmprtur pttrns in th Southrn misphr to thos in th Northrn misphr. Formult hypothsis out th rltionship twn monthly tmprtur pttrns n inrss in ltitu. Stp 9 st your hypothsis on how ltitu ts monthly tmprtur pttrns in th Southrn misphr lik th Sltion mnu n lik lr Slt Fturs. lik th Pn tool n rposition th mp so it is ntr on Ari. int: Zoom in or out to inlu ll o Ari i you n to. g h Us th Fin tool to lot p own. los th Fin ilog. Slt two or thr mor Arin itis lot twn p own n th qutor. (1) omplt th tl on your nswr sht. (2) Bs on your osrvtions, o th itis you slt onirm or isput your hypothsis out how ltitu ts monthly tmprtur pttrns in th Southrn misphr? Explin. lik th Sltion mnu n lik lr Slt Fturs. Rposition your mp so it s ntr on North Amri. Ask your thr i you shoul stop n xit ArMp. I you shoul stop, sur to sv your hngs. o xit ArMp, lik Exit rom th Fil mnu. I you o not n to xit ArMp, pro to th nxt stp. MDULE 3 PYSIAL GEGRAPY II: ESYSEMS, LIMAE, AND VEGEAIN 131

10 Glol prsptiv: Running ot n ol Stp 10 Invstigt th on s inlun on tmprtur In ition to ltitu n hmisphr, ity s proximity to th on lso inluns its tmprtur. Now you will invstigt how th on inluns th ir tmprtur o ostl itis. P Mk sur tht Worl itis is th tiv t rm. n t tim, slt ll th itis in n. (1) In whih nin ity woul you xprin th olst wintr tmprturs? (2) In whih nin ity woul you xprin th wrmst wintr tmprturs? (3) Looking t th mp, why o you think th wrmst ity hs tmprturs tht r so muh wrmr thn th othrs in th wintr? (int: ow is this ity irnt rom ll th othrs in trms o its lotion?) lr th slt turs. Rposition your mp so tht it is ntr on Wstrn Europ. In th tl o ontnts, right-lik itis n lik pn Attriut l. lik th titl r or th Attriuts o itis tl n mov it so you n still s ll o Wstrn Europ on th mp. int: Us your mous to rsiz th tl i it is too ig. 132 MDULE 3 PYSIAL GEGRAPY II: ESYSEMS, LIMAE, AND VEGEAIN

11 P g Glol prsptiv: Running ot n ol lik th olumn hing ll Nm. h hing looks lik utton tht s n push in n th olumn highlights in lu. h i Right-lik th olumn hing n lik Sort Asning to mk th list lphtil. Slt Amstrm in th list y liking th smll gry ox in th irst olumn o tht row. h row tht Amstrm is in highlights in lu. j Sroll own th list. ol own th trl ky, n slt th ollowing itis, tking not o whr h on is on th mp s you slt it: Brlin, Kiv, Lonon, n Wrsw. All o th itis r highlight in th tl n on th mp, n thy isply on th grph. k l Mov th tl out o th wy or minimiz it i nssry so you n s th mp n grph. Anlyz th mp n grph. (1) omplt th tl on your nswr sht. (2) Wht o ths itis hv in ommon s to thir lotion on th rth? (3) Whih itis hv th milst tmprturs? (4) Wht hppns to th wintr tmprturs s you mov rom Lonon to Kiv? (5) Why o you think som itis hv milr tmprturs thn th othrs? k look t how you nswr th qustions out th nin ity tmprturs (stp 10). Bs on your osrvtions o n n Wstrn Europ, stt hypothsis out th inlun o proximity to th on (or istn rom it) on pttrns o tmprtur. MDULE 3 PYSIAL GEGRAPY II: ESYSEMS, LIMAE, AND VEGEAIN 133

12 Glol prsptiv: Running ot n ol Stp 11 Invstigt th impt o lvtion on tmprtur pttrns Elvtion o ity signiintly ts th tmprtur o tht ity. In this stp, you will invstigt th rltionship twn lvtion n tmprtur. lik th Full xtnt utton. P g h Rstor th Attriuts o itis tl i you minimiz it. Sroll up in th tl until you in th ity o Kisngni. lik on th smll gry ox to th lt o this ror to slt it. ol own th trl ky, sroll own in th tl, n slt th ollowing itis: Lirvill, Quito, Singpor. k not o whr h on is on th mp s you slt it in th tl. Mov th tl out o th wy or minimiz it so you n s th mp n th grph. (1) omplt th tl on your nswr sht. (2) Wht o ths itis hv in ommon s to thir lotion on th rth? (3) Wht tmprtur pttrn o ths our itis hv in ommon? (4) ow is Quito irnt rom th othr thr? (5) Sin ll ths itis r lot on or vry nr th qutor, wht othr tor oul xplin th irn in thir tmprtur pttrns? Rstor th Attriuts o itis tl i nssry. lik th Slt utton t th ottom o th tl. nly th slt rors r isply in th tl. Right-lik on th NAME olumn hing n lik Frz/Unrz olumn. Sroll to th right until th ELEV_F il is jnt to th NAME il. Anlyz th slt rors n omplt th tl on your nswr sht. i j k los th Attriuts o itis tl. ompr th lvtion tl on your nswr sht to th grph on your omputr. Bs on your osrvtion o tmprturs long th qutor n th inormtion in th tl, stt hypothsis out th inlun o lvtion on pttrns o tmprtur. lik th Sltion mnu n lik lr Slt Fturs. 134 MDULE 3 PYSIAL GEGRAPY II: ESYSEMS, LIMAE, AND VEGEAIN

13 P Stp 12 Rvisit your initil is Glol prsptiv: Running ot n ol Bor you gn this GIS Invstigtion, you wr sk to intiy th thr olst itis in Jnury n th thr hottst itis in July rom mp on whih thos itis wr ll. k out th ppr mp you us t th ginning o th GIS Invstigtion. Slt th 13 itis list on your ppr mp in th Attriuts o itis tl. lik th Slt utton. Sroll to th right until you s th irst olumn hing nm J. (his is or Jnury.) Not: h NAME il shoul still rozn. lik th irst J olumn hing to slt it. h olumn is highlight yllow. Right-lik th J olumn hing n lik Sort Asning. h tl is sort rom lowst (olst) to highst (hottst) Jnury tmprturs. g h i n your nswr sht, rnk th 13 itis rom olst to hottst oring to thir vrg Jnury tmprturs. Sroll to th right in th tl n lik on th thir olumn hing nm J. (his is or July.) Right-lik th J olumn hing n lik Sort Dsning. h tl is sort rom highst to lowst July tmprturs. j k n your nswr sht, rnk th 13 itis rom hottst to olst oring to thir vrg July tmprturs. ompr your originl pritions rom your ppr mp with th orrt nswrs on your nswr sht. MDULE 3 PYSIAL GEGRAPY II: ESYSEMS, LIMAE, AND VEGEAIN 135

14 Glol prsptiv: Running ot n ol l m n n your nswr sht, put hk mrk ( ) nxt to thos nswrs tht you prit orrtly. At th ottom o th ttriut tl, lik th All utton. Also t th ottom o th ttriut tl, lik th ptions utton n lik lr Sltion on th mnu. P o los th ttriut tl n th grph. hr r no itis slt on th mp t this tim. Stp 13 Exit ArMp hrough this GIS Invstigtion, you xplor tmprtur t rom 96 worl itis. You xplor th irnt ltitu zons n hv intii th vrity o limts in h zon. You m irnt hypothss to xplin tmprtur pttrns, n tst h hypothsis. Now you know how ltitu, hmisphr, proximity to th on, n lvtion t tmprtur pttrns roun th worl. Sv your hngs. Exit ArMp y hoosing Exit rom th Fil mnu. 136 MDULE 3 PYSIAL GEGRAPY II: ESYSEMS, LIMAE, AND VEGEAIN