A Line in the Sand A GIS investigation

Transcription

1 P NAME A Line in the Sn A Regionl se stuy: A Line in the Sn DAE Answer ll questions on the stuent nswer sheet hnout he ever-hnging mp of the worl reflets the fores of onflit n oopertion mong ntions n peoples of the worl. In this GIS Investigtion, you will explore one of the first ounry hnges of the twenty-first entury the retion of new orer etween Yemen n Sui Ari on the Arin Peninsul. After more thn 60 yers of onflit, the two ntions signe the histori ounry greement in June Using t provie in the rety of Jeh, you will rete mp refleting the trety s territory, n nlyze unerlying physiogrphi n ulturl onsiertions tht influene the lotion of the ounry. Step 1 Strt ArMp Doule-lik the ArMp ion on your omputer s esktop. If the ArMp strt-up ilog ppers, lik An existing mp n lik K. hen go to step 2. MDULE 5 UMAN GEGRAPY II: PLIIAL GEGRAPY 291

2 Regionl se stuy: A Line in the Sn Step 2 pen the Region5.mx file In this exerise, mp oument hs een rete for you. o open it, go to the File menu n hoose pen. P Nvigte to the moule foler (:\MpWorl9\Mo5) n hoose Region5.mx (or Region5) from the list. lik pen. When the mp oument opens, you will see she relief mp of the Mile Est n northest Afri. A re outline lotes the Arin Peninsul. Streth your ArMp winow so tht it fills most of your sreen. Step 3 Ientify ountries tht orer the Arin Peninsul lik the View menu n hoose Bookmrks, Arin Peninsul. Now the Arin Peninsul fills the view. Look in the tle of ontents for lyer lle Neighors - outline. lik the ox to the left of the lyer nme to turn it on. Slie the mouse pointer over the mp to isply the ountry nmes. Wht ountries orer the Arin Peninsul to the north? Step 4 Investigte the physil hrteristis of the Arin Peninsul he mp on your sreen is she relief mp. It epits lnforms suh s mountin rnges, vlleys, plteus, n plins. (1) Is ny prt of the Arin Peninsul mountinous? (2) If so, where re the mountins lote? lik the plus sign next to Wter in the tle of ontents to expn this group of lyers. urn on the Boies of Wter n Strems lyers. hen isply them y heking the ox next to Wter. Most of the strems you see on your mp re intermittent, whih mens tht they re ry uring some prts of the yer. (1) Are there ny prts of the Arin Peninsul tht o not hve ny wter t ll? If so, where re these regions? (2) Do you see ny reltionship etween lnforms n the vilility of wter? 292 MDULE 5 UMAN GEGRAPY II: PLIIAL GEGRAPY

3 P e Regionl se stuy: A Line in the Sn urn off the Strems lyer n oserve the istriution of permnent oies of wter on the Arin Peninsul. lik the Zoom In tool. lik n rg smll ox roun n re of lue ots. Now you n see the oies of wter more losely. Desrie the oies of wter on your nswer sheet. f g lik the Previous Extent utton to return to your view of the entire peninsul. urn off the following lyers: Wter, Arin Peninsul - outline, Neighors - outline, n She Relief. (You my nee to sroll own in the tle of ontents.) Your mp isply shoul look like this: h ollpse the Wter group. Expn the Annul Preipittion lyer n turn it on. Amounts of rinfll re given in millimeters. ere is onversion tle tht ompres millimeters to inhes (25.4 mm. = 1 in.). MM IN (1) A esert is efine s ple tht gets less thn 10 inhes of rin per yer. ow mny millimeters equl 10 inhes? (2) Bse on the mounts of rinfll isplye on the mp, o you think there is muh frming on the Arin Peninsul? Explin. (3) Approximtely wht perentge of the Arin Peninsul is esert? MDULE 5 UMAN GEGRAPY II: PLIIAL GEGRAPY 293

4 Regionl se stuy: A Line in the Sn i urn off Annul Preipittion. urn on n expn the emperture lyer group. urn on emp: Sept. Nov. Use this onversion tle to help you nswer the next questions. P º 5º 10º 15º 20º 25º 30º 35º 40º ºF 41º 50º 59º 68º 77º 87º 95º 104º Wht is the pproximte rnge of tempertures ross the Arin Peninsul uring this perio? he three lyers elow emp: Sept.- Nov. isply temperture informtion for the perios Deemer Ferury, Mrh My, n June August. j k urn the temperture lyers on n off one t time to see the hnge of tempertures on the Arin Peninsul through the four sesons. (1) Whih seson is the hottest? (2) Wht is the pproximte rnge of tempertures ross the Arin Peninsul uring this perio? urn off the emperture group. Sroll up n turn on the Eozones lyer. Expn its legen. (1) Wht reltionship o you see etween the Arin Peninsul s eozones s isplye on this mp n its ptterns of lnforms, preipittion, n temperture? (2) Use your nswers from previous questions n turn ifferent lyers on n off to omplete the Physil hrteristis of the Arin Peninsul tle on your nswer sheet. List three oservtions for eh physil hrteristi. (3) In your opinion, whih of the region s physil hrteristis woul e onsiere vlule in ounry eision? Explin. Step 5 Investigte the humn hrteristis of the Arin Peninsul he popultion of the Arin Peninsul is pproximtely 45 million. he mjority of this popultion lives in Sui Ari (22 million) n Yemen (17.5 million). he remining 5.5 million n e foun in mn, the Unite Ar Emirtes, n Qtr. urn off Eozones. urn on the Arin Peninsul - nmes lyer. his lyer lotes the ountries y nme, ut oes not show their orers. You will explore the orers of these ountries in the seon prt of the investigtion. urn on the Mjor ities n Agriulture lyers. Expn the Agriulture legen to see list of the types of griulturl tivity on the Arin Peninsul. 294 MDULE 5 UMAN GEGRAPY II: PLIIAL GEGRAPY

5 P Regionl se stuy: A Line in the Sn (1) Wht is the prinipl griulturl tivity on the peninsul? (2) Bse on wht you now know out the physil hrteristis of the region, why o you think the griulturl tivity is so limite? urn on n expn the Popultion Density lyer. he humn popultion roun mjor ities n throughout the Arin Peninsul is isplye s numer of people per squre kilometer. (1) ow oes Yemen ompre to the rest of the Arin Peninsul in popultion ensity? (2) Desrie the overll popultion ensity of the Arin Peninsul. e urn off Popultion Density. Mke sure Agriulture is still turne on. urn on Wter, then expn it n turn on Springs. urn off Boies of Wter. he Springs lyer shows the lotion of springs n wter holes. f Look t the mp. (1) n your nswer sheet, speulte out the wys wter is most ommonly n frequently use t these springs n wter holes. (2) Use your nswers from previous step 5 questions n nlysis of the mps to omplete the tle on your nswer sheet. List three oservtions for eh humn hrteristi. (3) If n interntionl ounry were to e rwn ross some prt of the Arin Peninsul, how woul these hrteristis influene the pereption of ertin regions s eing more vlule thn others? Step 6 Lote n esrie the Empty Qurter urn off Springs n turn on Ros. Expn the Ros legen. ke note of the lrge re with prtilly no ros in the south-entrl prt of the peninsul. his region is lle the Ru l-khli n is lso known s the Empty Qurter. he Empty Qurter is importnt to this lesson euse most Sui Arin orers with its southern neighors ross this region. urn the following lyers on n off so you n oserve the hrteristis of the Empty Qurter: Strems, Popultion Density, Agriulture, Eozones, emperture, n Annul Preipittion. (1) omplete the tle on your nswer sheet. List three oservtions in eh olumn. (2) Wht iffiulties woul n re like this present if n interntionl ounry must ross it? Right-lik the Mile Est t frme in the tle of ontents n hoose ollpse All Lyers. MDULE 5 UMAN GEGRAPY II: PLIIAL GEGRAPY 295

6 Regionl se stuy: A Line in the Sn Right-lik Mile Est gin n hoose urn All Lyers ff. hen turn the following lyers k on: Mjor ities, Arin Peninsul - nmes, n Bsemp. P e Ask your teher for instrutions on where to sve this mp oument n on how to renme it. Reor the mp oument s new nme n where you sve it on your nswer sheet. Follow the steps elow to exit ArMp if you will e oing steps 7 12 t lter time. If you will e ontinuing to work now, skip to step 7. f From the File menu, lik Exit. Step 7 Explore Sui Ari s southern ounries Strt ArMp. Nvigte to the foler where you renme n sve Region5. pen the mp oument. Right-lik the Sui Ari Southern Bounries t frme n lik Ativte. Expn the t frme legen. his mp looks very similr to the Mile Est mp. urn on the 20th entury Bounry lyer. his lyer reflets the ounry greements Sui Ari me with most of its southern neighors t the en of the twentieth entury. (1) Are the ounries wht you expete them to e? (2) Whih ounry remine unsettle? 296 MDULE 5 UMAN GEGRAPY II: PLIIAL GEGRAPY

7 P Regionl se stuy: A Line in the Sn Aoring to interntionl ounry expert Rihr Shofiel, this ounry ws the lst missing fene in the esert. he only prt of the ounry tht ws mutully gree upon ws the western re jent to the Re Se. ver the yers, the ounry hs shifte. Now you will lyers tht reflet some of the mjor ounry hnges. lik the A Dt utton. Nvigte to the moule 5 t foler n look in the LyerFiles foler (:\MpWorl9\Mo5\Dt\LyerFiles). ol own the Shift key n lik one on eh of the following file nmes: Yemen1.lyr, Yemen2.lyr, n Yemen3.lyr. lik A. e urn off Yemen2 n Yemen3 for the moment n look t the re line of Yemen 1. his line represents the ounry etween Yemen n Sui Ari estlishe y the rety of if in It is the only prt of the ounry tht oth ountries reognize t the turn of the twenty-first entury. f urn on Yemen2. he green line of Yemen2 represents the Sui Yemeni orer reognize y Yemen t the en of the entury. It is se on lines estlishe when Yemen (then the Aen Protetorte) ws uner British ontrol in the erly twentieth entury. Most mps use these lines to elinete the extent of Yemen prior to his ounry ws not reognize y Sui Ari. g urn on Yemen3. his purple line represents the Sui Yemeni orer lime y Sui Ari t the en of the twentieth entury. It is se on lines estlishe y the Suis in the mi-1930s. his line ws still eing use on Sui Arin mps to represent the ounry in the 1990s. h i j lik the Zoom In tool. n your mp, lik the lel Yemen. Now the mp is entere on the ountry of Yemen. lik the Fixe Zoom In utton two or three times until the ountry of Yemen fills the view. Wht oes the re etween the green n purple lines represent? urn on Agriulture n expn its legen. Wht is the prinipl eonomi tivity of the regions in ispute? MDULE 5 UMAN GEGRAPY II: PLIIAL GEGRAPY 297

8 Regionl se stuy: A Line in the Sn k urn off Agriulture n turn on n expn Popultion Density. Desrie the popultion istriution in the ispute territory. If you were ske to settle the ispute ounry etween Sui Ari n Yemen, where woul you rw the line? In this next step, you will rw propose ounry line etween Sui Ari n Yemen, using the Drw Line tool. P l m Mke sure the Drw toolr is isplye. If you on t see it, right-lik in the gry spe to the right of the elp menu to isply the toolr list n lik Drw. A goo ple to ok the Drw toolr is t the ottom of the ArMp winow. In the Drw toolr, lik the own rrow next to the New Retngle tool n hoose the New Line tool. n o n your mp, lik the estern en point of the re ounry line. (his is the ounry tht oth ountries gree on.) Proee estwr (to your right) n lik propose ounry line. Doule-lik when you get to the en of your ounry. Now you hve n itionl lk line tht extens from the re line to mn. Mke sure the Selet Elements tool is now tive. lik nywhere on the mp wy from the line you rew to mke the lue seletion ox ispper. In the next step, you will view the new ounry tully gree upon y Sui Ari n Yemen in Step 8 Drw the Sui Yemeni ounry In June of 2000, Sui Ari n Yemen signe the rety of Jeh, whih settle their 65-yer-long ounry ispute. he ounry greement h three prts. he first prt of the trety reffirme greement on the 1934 if line (Yemen1.shp). he greement i sy, however, tht the line woul e mene in ny ple where it uts through villges. lik the Zoom In tool. Zoom to the re of the if line (re line) y rgging ox roun it. 298 MDULE 5 UMAN GEGRAPY II: PLIIAL GEGRAPY

9 P Regionl se stuy: A Line in the Sn lik the A Dt utton. Nvigte to the moule 5 Dt foler n look in the LyerFiles foler (:\MpWorl9\Mo5\Dt\LyerFiles). Selet ities n owns.lyr. lik A. (1) Does the re line go through ny ities or towns? (int: You my nee to zoom in gin to nswer the question.) If yes, pproximtely how mny oes the ounry pss through? (2) ow woul you eie whih sie of the town to put the ounry on? Rememer, this eision woul etermine whether the resients of tht villge woul e itizens of Sui Ari or Yemen. he seon prt of the rety of Jeh etermine the new ounry from the en of the re line to the orer with mn, 500 miles to the est. he trety i not tully rw the line, ut gve its strting n ening points n points in etween s ltitue/longitue gri oorintes. You will now plot these points on your mp to lote the new ounry line. urn off ities n owns n Popultion Density. lik the View menu, point to Bookmrks, n hoose Yemen to zoom out to the entire ountry. You will nee your own lyer for holing the t you will plot. You will export opy of the Bounryemplte lyer, whih hs no fetures, for this purpose. e f Right-lik the Bounryemplte lyer. Point to Dt, then lik Export Dt. lik the Browse utton in the Export Dt ilog. Ask your teher wht type of file you shoul sve n where you shoul sve it. If you will e sving feture lss, hoose Personl Geotse feture lsses from the Sve s type rop-own list n nvigte to the MileEst geotse. therwise, hoose Shpefile n nvigte to the lotion your teher irete you. MDULE 5 UMAN GEGRAPY II: PLIIAL GEGRAPY 299

10 Regionl se stuy: A Line in the Sn g Nme the file AB_Yemen4 where AB re your initils. lik Sve, n then lik K in the Export Dt ilog. P h lik Yes to the exporte t to the mp. hek the ox to turn on AB_Yemen4. i Right-lik the Bounryemplte lyer n lik Remove to remove it from the mp. You will use tools on the Eitor toolr to plot the ltitue n longitue oorintes for the new Sui Yemeni ounry. j lik the Eitor oolr utton to turn on the Eitor toolr. Dok the toolr ove the mp. k lik the Eitor menu on the Eitor toolr n hoose Strt Eiting. lik the soure for your AB_Yemen4 lyer in the ilog tht ppers n lik K. l n the Eitor toolr mke sure the sk is set to rete New Feture. Mke sure the rget is your lyer: AB_Yemen MDULE 5 UMAN GEGRAPY II: PLIIAL GEGRAPY

11 P Regionl se stuy: A Line in the Sn m lik the Sketh ool on the Eitor toolr. n Right-lik nywhere in the mp n hoose Asolute X,Y. he first point you will enter is 52 egrees longitue, 19 egrees ltitue. o ype 52 for X. Press the key n type 19 for Y. Press the Enter key. You see re squre lle vertex pper t the orer with mn. Your ursor is tthe to the vertex with n elsti line. As you move your mouse roun the mp without liking, the line hnges. he elsti line tells you tht the new line feture you re reting is not yet finishe. p o enter the remining longitue n ltitue points etermine in 2000, onsult the tle elow (points 2 17). For eh point, you must right-lik in the mp n hoose Asolute X,Y n then enter the oorintes from the tle. Enter ll the points now. Point Longitue Ltitue Point Longitue Ltitue int: If you mke mistke entering point, lik the Uno utton to elete it. hen enter the oorintes for tht point gin. If you wnt to elete ll the points you entere n strt over, oule-lik to omplete the polygon n then press the Delete key. Enter the points gin eginning with point numer 1. q r When you re stisfie tht you hve entere ll of the points orretly, right-lik nywhere in the mp n hoose Finish Sketh. he omplete line is highlighte in lue. lik the Eitor menu on the Eitor toolr n hoose Sve Eits. Does the new line seem to fvor Yemen or Sui Ari? Explin. MDULE 5 UMAN GEGRAPY II: PLIIAL GEGRAPY 301

12 Regionl se stuy: A Line in the Sn Step 9 Enter the mritime prt of the ounry he thir n finl prt of the rety of Jeh lrifie the mritime ounry etween Sui Ari n Yemen. A mritime ounry efines the offshore limits of ountry. It too ws efine y series of ltitue/longitue gri oorintes. P Follow the proeure outline in steps 8n 8q to mp the mritime ounry etween Sui Ari n Yemen. Point Longitue Ltitue When you hve finishe the sketh, lik the Eitor menu n hoose Stop Eiting. lik Yes to sve your eits. lik the Eitor oolr utton to ismiss the toolr. lik the Fixe Zoom ut utton twie. Look t your mp. Wht oy of wter oes the mritime ounry trverse? Beuse ArMp rnomly selets olor for new lyer, you nee to hnge it. You will lso give the lyer more esriptive nme. e f g lik the nme of the AB_Yemen4 lyer two times slowly n hnge the nme to 2000 Bounry. Right-lik the line symol n hoose rk lue olor from the olor piker. ow oes the tul ounry estlishe y the rety of Jeh ompre with the ounry you rew erlier (lk line)? urn on Agriulture n Popultion Density s neee to nswer the following question. Write three oservtions out the ounry line rete y the rety of Jeh. Sve your mp oument. Step 10 Define the pstorl re he rety of Jeh inlue itionl provisions out the new Sui Yemeni ounry. ne of these ws the retion of pstorl re on either sie of the ounry. Shephers from either Yemen or Sui Ari re llowe to use the pstorl re n wter soures on oth sies of the orer oring to tril tritions. he trety elre tht the pstorl re extens 20 kilometers on either sie of the orer. In this step, you will mp the 20-kilometer pstorl re. ow mny miles is 20 kilometers? (int: 1 kilometer =.6214 miles) lik the Seletion menu n lik Set Seletle Lyers. 302 MDULE 5 UMAN GEGRAPY II: PLIIAL GEGRAPY

13 P Regionl se stuy: A Line in the Sn lik the ler All utton in the Set Seletle lyers ilog to unhek ll of the lyers. hen lik the ox for 2000 Bounry to mke it the only lyer tht is heke on. lik lose. e f lik the Selet Fetures tool in the ools toolr. lik the lue 2000 Bounry line tht rosses the ln. It eomes highlighte lue on the mp. lik the Show/ie Aroolox Winow utton to open the Aroolox winow. Aroolox is where you n ess mny ArGIS tools tht work on your t. You will use the Buffer tool to rw the 20-kilometer zone roun the ounry line. g Expn the Anlysis ools toolox n then expn the Proximity toolox. Doulelik the Buffer tool to open the Buffer ilog. h lik the own-rrow to show the Input Fetures rop-own list n hoose 2000 Bounry. i he efult utput Feture lss will e the sme lotion n type (geotse feture lss or shpefile) s the 2000 Bounry lyer (AB_Yemen4). Keep the efult unless your teher sks you to hnge it. j For Distne, hoose Kilometers from the Liner unit rop-own list, n then type 20 in the ox on the left s the uffer istne. k l m lik K. After the uffer is omplete, lose the Buffer winow if neessry. lose the Aroolox winow y liking the smll in the upper right orner. Drg the AB_Yemen4_Buffer lyer elow the 2000 Bounry lyer in the tle of ontents. Right-lik the 2000 Bounry lyer, point to Seletion, n lik ler Selete Fetures to ler the seletion. (1) In whih prt of the Sui Yemeni orer will the pstorl re e most signifint? Explin. (2) Why o you think the rety of Jeh rete pstorl re? MDULE 5 UMAN GEGRAPY II: PLIIAL GEGRAPY 303

14 Regionl se stuy: A Line in the Sn Step 11 rete mp of the Arin Peninsul Before you print mp of the Arin Peninsul, you nee to len up the mp. lik the Selet Elements utton. lik the ounry line you first rew (it s lk n oesn t hve the uffer roun it). A she ox ppers to show the line is selete. Press the Delete key. Your line isppers from the mp. P e Go to the Arin Peninsul ookmrk. Deie wht lyers you wnt to isply on your mp. Inlue the following lyers: Mjor ities 2000 Bounry Yemen1 20th entury Bounry Arin Peninsul - nmes Arin Peninsul - re Neighors - ountries From the File menu, lik Pge n Print Setup. Follow your teher s instrutions to selet the orret printer nme. Be sure to hek the Use Printer Pper Settings ox n the Sle Mp Elements proportionlly to hnges in Pge Size ox. In the Pper setion, hoose Lnspe pper orienttion. lik K. From the File menu, lik Print. lik K to print opy of your mp. Step 12 Exit ArMp In this exerise, you explore physil n humn hrteristis of the Arin Peninsul. After nlyzing this t, you explore ounry issues in this region n plotte the new Yemeni Sui ounry estlishe y the 2000 rety of Jeh. Sve your mp oument. From the File menu, lik Exit. When ske if you wnt to sve your hnges, lik No. 304 MDULE 5 UMAN GEGRAPY II: PLIIAL GEGRAPY