Lympha'c System. Unit 6.9 (6 th Edi-on) Chapter 7.9 (7 th Edi-on)

Transcription

1 Lympha'c System Unit 6.9 (6 th Edi-on) Chapter 7.9 (7 th Edi-on) 1

2 Learning Objec'ves Iden-fy main components and organs of the lympha-c system and their func-ons. Explain the func-ons (physiology) of lympha-c vessels. Iden-fy the main func-ons (physiology) of lymph nodes. Iden-fy the two lympha-c ducts and the areas of the body that each drains. Iden-fy where lympha-c -ssue is located in the body other than in lymph nodes. Explain three func-ons of the spleen. Describe the func-ons of the thymus. Differen-ate between the major types of lymphocytes. Explain the major diseases of the lympha-c system. 2

3 Fun Facts About the Lympha'c System The lympha-c system is the body s sewer system. It is a network of pipes that remove wastes from the body s cells. The lympha-c system also helps protect the body from diseases. At any given -me, about 1-2 Liters of lymph fluid are circula-ng in the body. If you get the flu, it is your body s T lymphocyte cells that fight the infec-on. The average human body has lymph nodes. Thomas Bartholin first described the lympha-c system in a paper published in

4 Lympha'c System Components What is it? removes wastes from the body s cells (sewer system) helps protect against disease works with circulatory system to remove waste & excess fluid lymph, lymph vessels, lymph nodes, & lympha-c -ssue Lymph thin, watery fluid forms when plasma diffuses into -ssue space water, digested nutrients, salts, hormones, O 2, CO 2, lympho- cytes, and metabolic waste (ie. urea) Lympha-c Vessels located throughout body in almost all -ssues having blood vessels act like drainage pipes contrac-on of muscles cause lymph to flow 4

5 Lympha'c & Circulatory Systems 5

6 Lympha'c System Components Con'nued Lacteals specialized lympha-c capillaries in small intes-ne pick up digested fats or lipids and this becomes chyle transport chyle to the bloodstream through thoracic duct Lymph Nodes commonly called glands located in groups/cluster in body small, round/oval masses (size of pinhead through almond) lymph vessels bring lymph to the lymph nodes nodes filter lymph &remove impuri-es and dead blood cells produce lymphocytes (type of white blood cell) & an-bodies Drains right lympha-c duct is short tube that receives all purified lymph from right side of head, neck, right chest and arm; returns purified lymph to blood through right subclavian vein thoracic duct is a larger tube that drains lymph from rest of the body and emp-es into the le_ subclavian vein 6

7 Main Components of Lympha'c System 7

8 Organs of the Lympha'c System 8

9 Anatomy of a Lymph Node 9

10 Major Lympha'c Organs Tonsils masses of lympha-c -ssue that filter inters--al (intercellular) fluid three pairs of tonsils (1) pala-ne: so_ palate (removed in tonsillectomy) (2) pharyngeal: upper part of throat (adenoids) (3) lingual: back of tongue Spleen organ located beneath the le_ side of the diaphragm and in back of the upper part of the stomach produces leukocytes (wbc) and an-bodies destroys old erythrocytes (rbc) & platelets stores rbc to release into bloodstream if bleeding filters metabolites and waste from body -ssues Thymus mass of lymph -ssue located in center of upper chest atrophies a_er puberty and replaced by fat & connec-ve -ssue produces an-bodies and lymphoctes to fight infec-on 10

11 Lymphocytes (Immune Cells) B Cells secrete an-bodies into the body fluids recognize foreign bodies in bloodstream these an-bodies ambush foreign an-gens floa-ng in bloodstream T Cells acach and invade cells infected by virus or cancer Phagocytes large white cells that swallow and digest microbes 11

12 Diseases & Abnormal Condi'ons Adeni-s inflamma-on or infec-on of the lymph nodes occurs when harmful pathogens or cancer cells infect lymph node -ssue treatment includes an-bio-cs and warm, moist compresses Hodgkin s Disease chronic, malignant disease of the lymph nodes most common form of lymphoma (tumor of lymph -ssue) treatment includes chemotherapy and radia-on are typical treatments Lymphangi-s inflamma-on of lympha-c vessels, usually from an infec-on in extremity red streak extending up an arm/leg from source of infec-on; fever/chills treatment includes an-bio-cs, eleva-on, compresses, and rest Splenomegaly enlargement of spleen abnormal # of rbc, mononucleosis, cirrhosis of liver if it ruptures, can lead to death splenectomy performed to remove spleen as last resort Tonsili-s 12 inflamma-on of tonsils (either pharyngeal and/or pala-ne)