THE BLOOD AND LYMPHATIC SYSTEM. By Group #4

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1 THE BLOOD AND LYMPHATIC SYSTEM By Group #4

2 BLOOD CELLS By Mackenzie Lighterink Red Blood Cells White Blood Cells

3 RED BLOOD CELLS Transport Oxygen Produced in red bone marrow Get color from Hemoglobin-a iron-filled protein that is used to transport oxygen from the lungs to other body tissues Last about 120 days Destroyed in the liver and spleen Mature red blood cells DO NOT have nuclei

5 WHITE BLOOD CELLS Also known as Leukocytes Outnumbered 1 to 1000 by red blood cells Contain nuclei Guard against infection and diesease

6 DIFFERENT TYPES OF WHITE BLOOD CELLS Phagocytes- engulf and digest diesease causing micro-organisms Some release histamines which increase blood flow in infected areas; often causes redness and swelling Lymphocytes-create anitbodies(fight infection and create immunity)

8 Ryan Lee BLOOD PLASMA

9 WHAT IT LOOKS LIKE Blood Plasma is a yellow liquid found in blood.

10 WHAT IT S MADE OF Blood Plasma is made up of mineral salts, protiens, water, Glucose, Aminoacids, vitamins, Hormones, antibodies, antioxins, urea, phospholipids, lipoproteins, hydrogen carbonated ions, and fibrinogen.

11 IT S PURPOSE It is the liquid part of red blood cells that carries dissolved substances such as glucose and transports them to all of the organs within the human body. Plasma is the part of the blood that makes it a liquid and has a low viscosity.

12 By Ashton Utsler BLOOD CLOTTING

13 BLOOD CLOTTING Made possible by plasma proteins and cell fragments called platelets Clotting factors are released and create chemical reactions. Thromboplastin converts into prothrombin into thrombin. Thrombin, an enzyme, helps convert the soluble plasma protein fibrinogen into a sticky mesh of fibrin filaments. These filaments create the clot.

14 BREAK IN A CAPILLARY WALL Blood vessels are injured

15 CLUMPING OF PLATELETS Platelets clump at the site and release thromboplastin. Thromboplastin converts prothrombin into thrombin..

16 CLOT FORMS Thrombin converts fibrinogen into fibrin, which causes a clot. The clot prevents further loss of blood..

17 Lymphatic System By Alvin Liang

18 Lymphatic system The lymphatic system aids the immune system in destroying pathogens and filtering waste so that the lymph can be safely returned to the circulatory system. To remove excess fluid, waste, debris, dead blood cells, pathogens, cancer cells, and toxins from these cells and the tissue spaces between them. The lymphatic system also works with the circulatory system to deliver nutrients, oxygen, and hormones from the blood to the cells that make up the tissues of the body.

19 Lymph Lymph originates as plasma. The arterial blood that flows out of the heart slows as it moves through a capillary bed. This slowing allows some plasma to leave the arterioles and flow into the tissues where it becomes tissue fluid. This is fluid that flows between the cells but is not found within the cells. This fluid delivers nutrients, oxygen, and hormones to the cells. As this fluid leaves the cells, it takes with it cellular waste products and protein cells. Approximately 90 percent of this tissue fluid flows into the venules. Here it enters the venous circulation as plasma and continues in the circulatory system. The remaining 10 percent of the fluid that is left behind is now known as lymph.

21 Lymphatic structure In order to leave the tissues, the lymph must enter the lymphatic system through specialized lymphatic capillaries. The lymphatic capillaries gradually join together to form a mesh-like network of tubes that are located deeper in the body. As they become larger, these structures are known as lymphatic vessels. There are between lymph nodes present in the average human body. It is the role of these nodes to filter the lymph before it can be returned to the circulatory system. Although these nodes can increase or decrease in size throughout life, any nodes that has been damaged or destroyed, does not regenerate

23 Lymph Nodes Afferent lymphatic vessels carry unfiltered lymph into the node. Here waste products, and some of the fluid, are filtered out. In another section of the node, lymphocytes, which are specialized white blood cells, kill pathogens that may be present. This causes the swelling commonly swelling known as swollen glands. Lymph nodes also trap cancer cells and slow the spread of the cancer until they are overwhelmed by it. Efferent lymphatic vessels carry the filtered lymph out of the node to continue its return to the circulatory system.

24 Drainage Lymphatic drainage is organization into two separate and very unequal drainage areas. These are the right and left drainage areas and normally lymph does not drain across the invisible lines that separate these areas. Structures within each area carry lymph to its destination, which is to return to the circulatory system.

37 2 Blood and the Lymphatic System

37 2 Blood and the Lymphatic System 1 Blood Blood is a connective tissue that contains both dissolved substances and specialized cells. The functions of blood include: collecting oxygen from the lungs,