A. Incorrect! The left ventricle receives oxygenated blood from the lungs via the left atrium.

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Baldwin Allen
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1 DAT Biology - Problem Drill 10: The Circulatory System Question No. 1 of What is the flow of deoxygenated blood through the heart as it returns from the body? Question #01 (A) Vena cava; right ventricle; right atrium; left ventricle. (B) Vena cava; right atrium; right ventricle; pulmonary vein. (C) Vena cava; right atrium; right ventricle; pulmonary artery. (D) Vena cava; pulmonary artery; right atrium; right ventricle. (E) Vena cava; right ventricle; right atrium; pulmonary artery. The left ventricle receives oxygenated blood from the lungs via the left atrium. The pulmonary vein returns oxygenated blood from the lungs. C. Correct! Deoxygenated blood travels this path through the heart: Vena cava right atrium right ventricle pulmonary artery. D. Incorrect! The pulmonary artery does carry deoxygenated blood from the body, but this occurs after the blood has passed through the right atrium and ventricle. Close but wrong sequence. Deoxygenated blood travels this path through the heart: Vena cava right atrium right ventricle pulmonary artery. As the deoxygenated blood returns to the heart from the body it passes through the superior and inferior vena cava. The blood then enters the right atrium and is pumped into the right ventricle. The right ventricle then pumps the blood through the pulmonary artery to the lungs. The pulmonary artery is the only artery in the body to carry deoxygenated blood. The correct answer is (C).

2 Question No. 2 of Which of the following statements is correct about blood vessels? Question #02 (A) Arteries are elastic and have 1-way valves. (B) Veins are elastic and have 1-way valves. (C) Veins have 1-way valves and only transport deoxygenated blood. (D) Arteries are elastic and have a higher internal blood pressure than veins. (E) None of the above Veins have 1-way valves. Veins do not have elastic walls. The pulmonary veins transport oxygen rich blood from the lungs back to the heart. D. Correct! Arteries have a higher internal blood pressure than veins and have elastic walls. There is one true statement above. Pressure and the elastic recoil of the arteries drive blood flow through arteries. Blood flow through the venous system occurs under low pressure; it is influenced by muscular contraction and is facilitated by a series of one-way valves. The correct answer is (D).

3 Question No. 3 of What attracts fluid into a capillary? Question #03 (A) Blood osmotic pressure with fluid entering at the venous end of the capillary. (B) Blood hydrostatic pressure with fluid entering at the arterial end of the capillary. (C) Blood hydrostatic pressure with fluid entering throughout the capillary. (D) Blood osmotic pressure with fluid entering at the arterial end of the capillary. (E) None of the above A. Correct! Blood osmotic pressure attracts fluid into the capillary at the venous end of the capillary. Blood hydrostatic pressure tends to move fluid out of the capillary. Blood hydrostatic pressure tends to move fluid out of the capillary. In addition, fluid tends to enter the capillary at the venous end. D. Incorrect! Fluid tends to enter the capillary at the venous end. There is one statement that answers the question. The non-diffusible proteins in the plasma tend to draw fluid into the capillary (blood osmotic pressure). This occurs at the venous end where there is a larger blood osmotic pressure than blood hydrostatic pressure, and therefore, a new inward force. This is due in part to a decrease in the blood hydrostatic pressure at the venous end of the capillary, relative to the arterial end. The correct answer is (A).

4 Question No. 4 of Which of the following statements is correct about capillary fluid exchange? Question #04 (A) Blood osmotic pressure moves fluid out of the capillary at the venous end. (B) Blood hydrostatic pressure moves fluid out of the capillary at the venous end. (C) Blood hydrostatic pressure moves fluid out of the capillary at the arterial end. (D) Blood osmotic pressure moves fluid into the capillary at both ends. (E) Blood hydrostatic pressure moves fluid into the capillary at both ends. Blood osmotic pressure draws fluid into the capillary. Blood hydrostatic pressure moves fluid out of the capillary, but this occurs at the arterial end. C. Correct! Blood hydrostatic pressure moves fluid out of the capillary at the arterial end. D. Incorrect! Blood osmotic pressure moves fluid into the capillary, but this occurs at the venous end where there is a net inward force. At only one end, blood hydrostatic pressure moves fluid out of the capillary at the arterial end. Fluid moves into the capillary when the blood osmotic pressure is greater than the blood hydrostatic pressure. This occurs at the venous end of the capillary where there is a net inward force. Fluid moves out of the capillary when the blood hydrostatic pressure is greater than the blood osmotic pressure. This occurs at the arterial end of the capillary where there is a net outward force. The correct answer is (C).

5 Question No. 5 of Where does molecular oxygen disassociate with hemoglobin? Question #05 (A) In the lungs where hemoglobin s affinity for oxygen is lowest. (B) In the tissue where hemoglobin s affinity for oxygen is the highest. (C) In the lungs where hemoglobin s affinity for oxygen is highest. (D) In the tissue where hemoglobin s affinity for oxygen is the lowest. (E) In the tissue where hemoglobin s affinity for oxygen is the middle. Hemoglobin has a high affinity for molecular oxygen in the lungs and therefore, molecular oxygen stays bound to hemoglobin. In the tissue hemoglobin s affinity for oxygen is lower, not higher, than in the lungs and therefore disassociates there. It is true that in the lungs hemoglobin s affinity is highest, but this would cause molecular oxygen to stay bound to hemoglobin, not be released. D. Correct! In the tissue hemoglobin s affinity for oxygen is lower than the lungs and therefore disassociates there. In the tissue hemoglobin s affinity for oxygen is lower than the lungs and therefore disassociates there. When hemoglobin is in the lungs, its affinity is highest and this leads to a rapid binding and high oxygen saturation. As hemoglobin travels through the circulation system and reaches the tissue, its affinity for molecular oxygen decreases and it disassociates there. The presence of higher carbon dioxide in the tissues and the resultant lowering of ph, in part contribute to the disassociation of molecular oxygen with hemoglobin. The correct answer is (D).

6 Question No. 6 of How does the circulatory system maintain a constant temperature regardless of the surrounding temperature? Question #06 (A) In the winter the blood vessels in the skin contract reducing the heat loss from warm blood. (B) In the winter the blood vessels in the skin dilate to reduce the heat loss from warm blood. (C) In the summer blood vessels in the skin contract reducing the heat loss from warm blood. (D) In the summer blood vessels in the skin do not change their diameter to maintain a constant temperature in the body. (E) In the winter blood vessels in the skin do not change their diameter to maintain a constant temperature in the body. A. Correct! In the winter the blood vessels in the skin contract reducing the heat loss from warm blood. When blood vessels in the skin dilate heat is lost from the body; this usually occurs when the surrounding temperature is high (summer). In the summer blood vessels in the skin dilate to release heat from the body to the surrounding environment. D. Incorrect! As part of the body s thermoregulation, the blood vessels in the skin dilate to give off heat and contract to keep heat in the body. Instead of keeping the constant diameter, in the winter the blood vessels in the skin contract reducing the heat loss from warm blood. Thermoregulation is the ability of an organism to maintain its body temperature within certain limits, even when the surrounding temperature is different. In the summer, blood vessel dilation in the skin leads to heat loss through conduction and the evaporation of sweat. In the winter, blood vessels in the skin contract and this decrease the heat loss from warm blood, thus maintaining the internal temperature. The correct answer is (A).

7 Question No. 7 of Stimulation of the bone marrow by thrombopoietin causes. Question #07 (A) An increase in the number of red blood cells and platelets produced in the bone marrow. (B) An increase in the number of platelets produced in the bone marrow. (C) A decrease in the number of B-cells and T-cells developed in the thymus. (D) An increase in the number of B-cells and T-cells developed in the bone marrow. (E) The bone loss. Increased numbers of red blood cells occurs when erythropoietin stimulates the bone marrow. B. Correct! Stimulation of the bone marrow by thrombopoietin causes an increase in the number of platelets produced in the bone marrow. B-cells develop in the bone marrow and this is not directly affected by thrombopoietin. D. Incorrect! T-cells develop in the thymus and this is not directly affected by thrombopoietin. Thrombopoietin stimulates the bone marrow to produce platelets. Thrombopoietin stimulates the bone marrow to produce platelets, not bone loss. Platelets have a lifespan of approximately 5-9 days; they are destroyed in the spleen. The correct answer is (B).

8 Question No. 8 of Which of the following statements is correct about the blood coagulation cascade? Question #08 (A) Prothrombin activator and activated platelets form a blood clot. (B) Blood clots are made up of soluble proteins and activated platelets. (C) Activated platelets degrade thrombin in blood clots. (D) Blood clots are made up of insoluble proteins and activated platelets. (E) None of the above A blood clot is made up of activated platelets and thrombin. Blood clots are made of insoluble proteins, which are formed from soluble precursor proteins. Activated platelets form a blood clot along with fibrin. D. Correct! Blood clots are made up of insoluble proteins and activated platelets. There is one correct statement above. Coagulation is an important process in which soluble proteins form an insoluble clot. Activated platelets along with fibrin at the end product of the clotting cascade join together to form a blood clot. The correct answer is (D).

9 Question No. 9 of Which of the following statements is correct about blood pressure? Question #9 (A) Systolic blood pressure is the lowest pressure at the resting phase of the cardiac cycle. (B) Systolic pressure is the peak pressure in the veins during contraction of the left ventricle. (C) Systolic pressure is the peak pressure in the arteries during contraction of the right ventricle. (D) Systolic blood pressure is the peak pressure in the arteries during cardiac cycle. (E) None of the above Systolic blood pressure is the peak pressure during the cardiac cycle. Systolic pressure is the peak pressure in the arteries during contraction of the left ventricle. Systolic pressure is generated by the contraction of the left ventricle. D. Correct! Systolic blood pressure is the peak pressure in the arteries during cardiac cycle. There is one correct statement above. Systolic blood pressure is the peak pressure in the arteries during the cardiac cycle. Specifically, it is the maximum arterial pressure during contraction of the left ventricle. Diastolic blood pressure is the lowest pressure at the resting phase of the cardiac cycle. The correct answer is (D).

10 Question No. 10 of What effect does 2, 3-bisphosphoglycerate (DPG) have on hemoglobin s binding capacity for oxygen? Question #10 (A) DPG increases hemoglobin s binding capacity for oxygen. (B) DPG along with oxygen decreases hemoglobin s binding capacity for oxygen. (C) DPG has no effect on hemoglobin s binding capacity for oxygen. (D) DPG decreases hemoglobin s binding capacity for oxygen (E) DPG maintains hemoglobin s binding capacity for oxygen. DPG decreases hemoglobin s binding capacity for oxygen. DPG along with carbon dioxide decreases hemoglobin s binding capacity for oxygen. DPG decreases hemoglobin s binding capacity for oxygen. D. Correct! DPG decreases hemoglobin s binding capacity for oxygen. Not keeping it constant, DPG actually decreases hemoglobin s binding capacity for oxygen. Both carbon dioxide and 2, 3-bisphosphoglycerate (DPG) bind with hemoglobin and cause the hemoglobin structure to change, leading to the release of oxygen. The correct answer is (D).

A. Incorrect! The left ventricle receives oxygenated blood from the lungs via the left atrium.

A. Incorrect! The left ventricle receives oxygenated blood from the lungs via the left atrium. Anatomy and Physiology - Problem Drill 16: The Cardiovascular System No. 1 of 10 Instruction: (1) Read the problem statement and answer choices carefully (2) Work the problems on paper as needed (3) Pick