Biology Final Exam Review. SI Leader Taylor (Yeargain, MWF 1:30-2:20)
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1 Biology Final Exam Review SI Leader Taylor (Yeargain, MWF 1:30-2:20)
2 General Information Review Session Please fill in any available space, and move to the front of the room! Thank you for coming Exam Information 15% of overall grade in the class Monday, May 1 st from 1:00pm-3:50pm in CB2 201 Lowest lecture exam dropped, but final does NOT count
3 General Plan Topics (5 minutes) Activity 1 (20 minutes) Practice Exam (20 minutes) Activity 2 (10 minutes) Practice Exam (35 minutes) Questions & Closing (10 min)
4 Topics Chapter 2: The Chemical Context of Life Structure of an Atom Atomic Number, Mass Number Valence Shell/ Electrons Chemical Bonds Chapter 4: Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life HONC Hydrocarbons Isomers (definition and types) Functional Groups ATP Chapter 3: Water and Life Polarity Cohesion and Adhesion Specific heat Evaporative Cooling Heat of Vaporization Specific Properties of Water Solvent, Solution, Solute Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Acids and Bases/ ph and poh
5 Topics Chapter 5: The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules See pg. 90 of textbook for chart Types of Macromolecules Structure of Macromolecules Examples and Functions of Macromolecules Chapter 6: A Tour of the Cell Plasma Membrane Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells All organelles and function Plant and Animal cell differences Chapter 7: Membrane Structure and Function Fluid Mosaic Model Integral and Peripheral Proteins Selective Permeability Active and Passive Transport Osmosis Tonicity Problems Sodium Potassium Pump Endocytosis versus Exocytosis Phagocytosis, Pinocytosis and Receptor Mediated
6 Topics Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Fermentation Aerobic Respiration Oxidation and Reduction Electron Carriers Location, Steps, Input, Output, and Function of each stage of cellular respiration Plants and animals Chapter 10: Photosynthesis Autotrophs Plants only Chlorophyll a Range of visible light Location, Steps, Input, Output, and Function of each stage of photosynthesis
7 Topics Chapter 12: The Cell Cycle & Mitosis (Pg. 232) Chromosome Vocabulary Chromatin Somatic Cells Sister Chromatids Centromeres Mitosis/ Cytokinesis All of the parts of interphase and mitosis, what happens at each phase, and how the chromosome and sister chromatid numbers change throughout Checkpoints Cancerous Cells Chapter 13: Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycle (Pg. 252) More Vocab (Haploid, Diploid, Homologous, Loci, Zygote, etc) All of the parts of interphase and meiosis 1 &2, what happens at each phase, and how the chromosome and sister chromatid numbers change throughout Crossing Over and Independent Assortment Sources of Genetic Variation
8 Topics Chapter 14: Mendel and the Gene Idea (Pg.267) Law of Segregation Monohybrid and Dihybrid crosses Mendel s experiments Heterozygote, Homozygote, Dominant, & Recessive True Breeders Complete Dominance, Incomplete Dominance, Codominance, Multiple Alleles, Pleiotropy Epistasis and Polygenic Inheritance Identifying pedigrees and how to solve pedigree problems Carriers, Test Cross, and Wild Type Tips for Genetics problems on pg 290 Chapter 15: Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance (Pg.292) All of the genetic disorders from your lecture slides (autosomal and sex linked) Sex Linked Genes Barr Body Nondisjunction, Aneuploidy, Monosomy, Polyploidy Deletions, Duplications, Inversions, Translocations
9 Topics Chapter 16: The Molecular Basis of Inheritance (Page 312) DNA properties and structure Base Pairing Type of Bond between DNA strands (Hydrogen) Semiconservative nature of DNA replication Initiation of DNA synthesis DNA synthesis on leading and lagging strand Telomeres Heterochromatin and Euchromatin Chapter 17: Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein (Page 333) From DNA to proteins Transcription and Translation Transcription Initiation Complex Processing of eukaryotic pre-mrna rrna, mrna, and trna Initiation, Elongation, and Termination of both Transcription and Translation Reading Frame
10 Activity #1 Brainstorm Race
11 Activity #1: Brainstorm Race Get into groups If you are watching this from your computer, I still encourage you to participate! Make sure you have a piece of paper & a pen 1 minute for each slide
12 Activity #1: Brainstorm Race Structure of the Atom
13 Activity #1: Brainstorm Race Types of Macromolecules
14 Activity #1: Brainstorm Race Types of Organelles
15 Activity #1: Brainstorm Race Plant Cell vs. Animal Cell
16 Activity #1: Brainstorm Race Cellular Respiration
17 Activity #1: Brainstorm Race Mendel & Genetics
18 Activity #1: Brainstorm Race DNA Synthesis
19 Activity #1: Brainstorm Race Central Dogma
20 Review Guide First 20 Questions
21 Activity #2 Chromosomes, Meiosis & Mitosis
22 Discussion What is the difference between the following terms? - Haploid - Diploid - Unduplicated Chromosome - Duplicated Chromosome - Sister Chromatids - Non Sister Chromatids - Homologous Chromosomes - Tetrad
23 Practice Diploid or haploid?
24 Practice Chromosome A contains genes for an eye color of brown. Chromosome B contains genes for hair color of brown. Chromosome C contains genes for an eye color of green. Which of the following is true? a. Chromosomes A and B are homologous b. Chromosomes B and C are homologous c. Chromosomes A and C are homologous d. None of the chromosomes are homologous to one another
25 Practice Crossing Over occurs between which of the following? a. Sister Chromatids b. Homologous Chromosomes c. Non Sister Chromatids d. More than one of these answers is correct
26 Practice (Mitosis) A somatic cell has 16 chromosomes (2n=16), how many chromosomes and chromatids are present at. a. G1 phase? b. S phase? c. G2 phase? d. Prophase? e. Metaphase? f. Anaphase? g. Telophase? h. After cytokinesis?
27 Practice (Mitosis) A somatic cell has 16 chromosomes (2n=16), how many chromosomes and chromatids are present at. G1 phase? 16 chromosomes S phase? 16 chromosomes, 32 chromatids G2 phase? 16 chromosomes, 32 chromatids Prophase? 16 chromosomes, 32 chromatids Metaphase? 16 chromosomes, 32 chromatids Anaphase? 32 chromosomes Telophase? 16 chromosomes in each daughter nucleus After cytokinesis? 16 chromosomes in each daughter cell
28 Practice (Meiosis) A somatic cell has 16 chromosomes. How many chromosomes and sister chromatids are present at each of the following phases of meiosis? a) Interphase: i. G1: a. 16 chromosomes b. 0 Sister Chromatids c. 0 Tetrads ii. S: a. 16 chromosomes b. 32 Sister Chromatids c. 8 Pairs iii. G2: a. 16 chromosomes 32 Sister Chromatids b. 8 Pairs
29 Practice (Meiosis) a) Meiosis 1: i. Prophase 1: a. 16 chromosomes b. 32 Sister Chromatids c. 8 Tetrads ii. Metaphase 1: a. 16 chromosomes b. 32 Sister Chromatids c. 8 Tetrads iii. Anaphase 1: a. 16 chromosomes b. 32 Sister Chromatids c. 0 Tetrads iv. Telophase/ Cytokinesis 1: a. 8 chromosomes b. 16 Sister Chromatids c. 0 Tetrads
30 Practice (Meiosis) a) Meiosis 2 i. Prophase 2: a. 8 chromosomes b. 16 Sister Chromatids c. 0 Tetrads ii. Metaphase 2: a. 8 chromosomes b. 16 Sister Chromatids c. 0 Tetrads iii. Anaphase 2: a. 16 chromosomes b. 0 Sister Chromatids c. 0 Tetrads iv. Telophase/ Cytokinesis 2: a. 8 chromosomes b. 0 Sister Chromatids c. 0 Tetrads b) At what phase of Meiosis do the cells become haploid? i. Telophase / Cytokinesis 1
31 Review Guide Remaining Questions
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