Understanding the Human Body

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Understanding the Human Body BY WENDI SILVANO COPYRIGHT 2009 Mark Twain Media, Inc. ISBN 978-1-58037-833-8 Printing No. 404105-EB Visit us at www.carsondellosa.com Mark Twain Media, Inc.

1 Understanding the Human Body BY WENDI SILVANO COPYRIGHT 2009 Mark Twain Media, Inc. ISBN Printing No EB Visit us at Mark Twain Media, Inc., Publishers Distributed by Carson-Dellosa Publishing Company, Inc. The purchase of this book entitles the buyer to reproduce the student pages for classroom use only. Other permissions may be obtained by writing Mark Twain Media, Inc., Publishers. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America.

2 Table of Contents Table of Contents Introduction... iv Correlation to National Science Education Standards...1 Cells: The Building Blocks of Life... 3 What s in a Cell?... 4 Tissue Types... 5 Mystery Organs... 6 Scrambled Organs... 7 Body Systems... 8 Skeletal System Five Functions of Your Skeletal System... 9 Bones by the Numbers Bizarre Bones Bone Up on Bones What s in a Bone? Shape Up Those Bones What Bone Am I? Bare Bones Double Duty Odd Thing Out Joined Together Which Joint Do You Use? Muscular System The Muscular System What Makes a Muscle? Types of Muscle Tissue Muscle Up! Move Those Muscles! The Truth About Muscles Major Muscles Mystery Muscles Muscle Mastery Circulatory System The Circulatory System Help Wanted! Heart Parts Blood Flow Everything in Threes Circulation True and False Blood, Blood, and More Blood ii

3 Table of Contents Lymphatic System The Lymphatic System Faulty Lymphatic Facts Digestive System Yum! The Digestive System Coming Through Mechanical vs. Chemical Digestion Know Your Digestive Organs Whose Job Is It? What s Where? Respiratory System The Respiratory System Travelogue Respiratory Parts and Pieces Take a Deep Breath! Breathing vs. Respiration Excretory System The Excretory System...53 The Urinary Tract...54 A Closer Look at Your Kidneys...55 Urinary System True or False...56 The Skin...57 Nervous System The Nervous System A Stimulating Morning The Brain Neurons Follow the Path Endocrine System The Endocrine System Endocrine Info The Senses Sight Hearing Taste Smell Touch Yucky, Gross Body Report Healthy Tips Answer Key iii

4 Cells: The Building Blocks Of Life Far Out Fact: The average adult male has more than 100 trillion cells in his body. Webwise: The human body is made of up of trillions of tiny parts called cells. There are all different types of cells within you. There are bone cells, blood cells, skin cells, heart cells... and so forth. Cells don t all look alike, but all cells have some things in common. Here are some main parts of a cell and what they do: Cell membrane: Acts sort of like a skin around the outside of the cell. It helps control which materials can go in and out of the cell. It lets oxygen and food in and waste products out. This helps maintain the chemical balance in and around the cell. Nucleus: Acts like the brain of the cell. It controls the cell s activities, just as your brain controls your body s activities. A thread-like hereditary material inside the nucleus called chromatin is made of protein and DNA. DNA is like a set of chemical instructions that tell the cell what to do. Cytoplasm: Gelatin-like substance inside the membrane containing water and chemicals. Organelles: Inside the cytoplasm are a variety of small structures sometimes called organelles. Each has a job in the cell. Endoplasmic Reticulum: Moves material within the cell sort of like it was on conveyor belts. It is a folded membrane. Ribosomes: Some are attached to the endoplasmic reticulum; others are just in the cytoplasm. They receive directions from the DNA to make proteins. Golgi Bodies: Pack up the waste proteins to move them outside the cell. Mitochondria: Uses food molecules to make and release energy. Golgi bodies Ribosomes Endoplasmic Reticulum Nucleus Cell Membrane Cytoplasm Mitochondria 3

Name: Date: What s in a Cell? Use the words from the word bank to name each part described below. Then use the names of the parts to label the drawing of a cell.

5 Name: Date: What s in a Cell? Use the words from the word bank to name each part described below. Then use the names of the parts to label the drawing of a cell. nucleus cell membrane cytoplasm mitochondria chromatin Golgi bodies ribosomes endoplasmic reticulum 1. Gelatin-like substance where the work of the cell is done 2. Thread-like hereditary material made of DNA and proteins 3. Packages materials to take outside the cell 4. Cells make their proteins on these two-part structures. 5. Directs all the activities of the cell 6. Releases energy for the cell 7. Outer boundary of cell that controls what goes in and out of it 4

Name: Date: Tissue Types Certain cells of the same type group together to form tissues. There are four basic types of tissues.

Fill in the missing vowels in the incomplete words in the paragraphs below to review the four tissue types. 1.

Connective tissue is also what keeps your r g n s in place. 2. p t h l l tissue p r t c t s you by enclosing and c v r n g other parts of the body.

The three types of muscle tissue are s k l t l, s m t h, and c r d c. Skeletal muscles m v the b n s and are v l n t r y muscles.

6 Name: Date: Tissue Types Certain cells of the same type group together to form tissues. There are four basic types of tissues. Far Out Fact: Talk about epithelials! Much of the dust on our floors and furniture is actually dead skin cells that we shed by the millions every day! Fill in the missing vowels in the incomplete words in the paragraphs below to review the four tissue types. 1. C n n c t v tissue supports things and h l d s them t g t h r. You can find connective tissue n d r your s k n and in your t n d n s. Connective tissue is also what keeps your r g n s in place. 2. p t h l l tissue p r t c t s you by enclosing and c v r n g other parts of the body. These tissues make up your s k n and l n e the insides of your m t h, t h r t, and d g s t v tract. 3. M s c l tissue is made up of muscle f b r s. The three types of muscle tissue are s k l t l, s m t h, and c r d c. Skeletal muscles m v the b n s and are v l n t r y muscles. Smooth muscles are n v l n t r y muscles and move many of your internal r g n s. Cardiac muscle is found only in the h r t and is also n v l n t r y. 4. N r v s tissue is found in the b r n, s p n l c r d, and the n r v s. It consists of cells called n r n s. 5

HUMAN BODY THE NERVOUS, RESPIRATORY, AND SENSORY SYSTEMS REM 654 A TEACHING RESOURCE FROM...

HUMAN BODY THE NERVOUS, RESPIRATORY, AND SENSORY SYSTEMS REM 654 A TEACHING RESOURCE FROM... THE HUMAN BODY NERVOUS, RESPIRATORY, AND SENSORY SYSTEMS A TEACHING RESOURCE FROM... REM 654 AUTHOR Melba Callender 1987, 2001 Copyright by Remedia Publications, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Printed in the