Cells and Cell Transport

Transcription

1 Cells and Cell Transport Use the list below to answer question 1. Functions of a Cell Structure 1. The functions of which cell structure are described in this list? A. a lysosome B. a mitochondrion C. the plasma membrane D. the endoplasmic reticulum 2. Plant cells use sunlight to make their own food. Which structure allows plant cells to perform this function? E. nucleus F. vacuole G. chloroplast H. mitochondrion allows waste to exit the cell allows chemicals required for cellular respiration to enter the cell regulates movement of water into and out of the cell

2 use the diagram below to answer question 3. 3.The indicated protein is part of a cell membrane. What is the most likely purpose of this protein? a. It allows passage of particles into and out of the cell. b. It manufactures phospholipids to repair membrane damage. c. It releases stored chemical energy in membrane carbohydrates. d. It attracts unbalanced electrical charges in the cell s environment. 4. Which statement best describes how active transport differs from passive transport? a. Only active transport requires ATP. b. Only active transport moves small particles. c. Only active transport relies on a plasma membrane. d. Only active transport allows substances to leave a cell. 5.Which structure and function are common to all plants and some protists and distinguish them from all animals? A.chloroplasts that conduct photosynthesis B.mitochondria that conduct photosynthesis C.chloroplasts that conduct cellular respiration D.mitochondria that conduct cellular respiration

3 6.Which statement best describes a relationship between mitochondria and chloroplasts? A. Mitochondria release chemical energy from molecules and store it in chloroplasts. B. Chloroplasts release chemical energy from molecules and store it in mitochondria. C. Mitochondria convert chemical energy into light energy that can be used by chloroplasts D. None of the Above 7.Which action is prevented by the plasma membrane? A. B. C. D. the flow of light into or out of the cell the flow of oxygen into or out of the cell unlimited flow of heat into or out of the cell unlimited flow of water into or out of the cell 8.Which transport mechanisms require the formation of a vesicle to transport material into or out of a cell? A. B. C. D. diffusion and osmosis exocytosis and endocytosis exocytosis and calcium pumps diffusion and facilitated diffusion

4 9.The Golgi apparatus is broken down during mitosis and then reformed. Which function would a cell be unable to perform during the time that its Golgi apparatus is broken down? A. B. C. D. copying genetic material to include in the new cell forming vesicles to import molecules into the cell processing and packaging proteins for cellular export correcting errors in the process of building a new cell Use the lists below to answer the question. Cell Structures Observed in Two Organisms Cell Structures in Organism1 Cell Structures in Organism 2 cell wall mitochondria endoplasmic nucleus reticulum ribosomes Golgi body vacuole chloroplasts cell membrane mitochondria endoplasmic nucleus reticulum ribosomes Golgi body 10. A student made lists of structures observed in cells from two different organisms. Which statement describes the most likely difference in the way that organism 1 and organism 2 obtain energy? A. Only organism 1 uses solar energy to make energy-rich compounds. B. Only organism 1 stores solar energy until it is needed for its life processes. C. Only organism 2 produces molecules for long-term energy storage. D. Only organism 2 transforms food energy into ATP during cellular respiration. 11. Which statement best describes how channel and carrier proteins in the plasma membrane are similar? a. Both allow for the flow of molecules into and out of a cell. b. Both directly connect the membrane to the nucleus of a cell. c. Both use energy to continuously move water molecules out of a cell. d. Both cause the phospholipid bilayer to form a rigid membrane for a cell.

5 Use the diagram below to answer the question. Cell Process outside of cell cell membrane 12. Which cell process is best modeled by the diagram? a. osmosis b. exocytosis c. passive transport d. facilitated diffusion

6 Use the information below to answer questions 13 and 14. A New Type of Treatment Some human diseases involve the unregulated growth of cells. Although some patients are not affected by these growths, many are harmed. Cells in harmful growths divide uncontrollably and can eventually invade other cells, tissues, and organs of the body. Some patients carry a mutation on one or more growth-suppressor genes (GSGs). GSGs help to repair damage to DNA. This mutation decreases the individual s ability to fight these harmful growths. Recently, researchers reported on the results of using a combination of two types of medicine to treat patients with unregulated growths caused by a lack of functioning GSGs. Characteristics of Medicine X Medicine Y large molecule damages DNA Characteristics of large molecule decreases enzyme activity O H N HO O O N NH HO C HO H N N When medicine X and medicine Y are used together, they cause the cell processes in the targeted cells to fail. 13. In order for medicine X to produce the effects that the researchers observed, it must have entered into which part of the targeted cells? a. nucleus b. ribosomes c. Golgi apparatus d. rough endoplasmic reticulum

7 14. Given the properties of the medicine Y molecule, which mechanism is most likely responsible for medicine Y s entry into cells? a. osmosis b. exocytosis c. active transport d. simple diffusion 15. Which of the following is most involved in providing structure for a plasma membrane? a. the number of protein channels embedded in the membrane b. the types of carbohydrates attached to proteins on the surface c. the types of proteins that are attached to the surface of the membrane d. the arrangement of the hydrophobic and hydrophilic ends of the phospholipids

8 CONSTRUCTED-RESPONSE ITEM 1. Use the list below to answer the question. Cell Structures plasma membrane endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus mitochondria nucleus ribosomes A scientist identifies several structures in a cell and organizes them in a list. Part A: Describe how the cell structures in this list can be used to classify the cell as either prokaryotic or eukaryotic. Use examples of the structures that would help identify the cell in your answer. Part B: Compare how both prokaryotes and eukaryotes use two of the cell structures listed and describe the common functions of these structures. Structure 1: Common function: Structure 2: Common function:

9 2. A fresh-water paramecium has a salt concentration lower than 1% in the cytosol. The diagram shows what happens when the paramecium is placed in an external solution. Explain why this happens, and describe the process involved. Be sure to state what can be inferred about the salt solution in which the paramecium is placed.

10 3. The picture shows glucose molecules moving across a cell membrane. a. Describe the process by which glucose molecules pass through the cell membrane. Be sure to state the kind of molecule that allows glucose molecules to pass through. b. Explain whether this is an instance of active transport or passive transport.