(U)HPLC columns for polar analytes

Transcription

1 (U)HPLC columns for polar analytes The Selectivity Company YMC-Triart C8 for 00% aqueous conditions Universal 2 columns in : C8 phase with AQ compatibility Flexible UHPLC HPLC ph = - 2 Temp. up to 70 C Robust Reprocucible results Long column lifetimes

2 2 General The use of 00% water eluent has been a AQ -type phases are particularly suitable for challenge in HPLC analysis for decades. the separation of polar substances, metabolites, Even today, many C8 materials suffer from pesticides, degradation products and peptides unacceptable short lifetime, because the including protein digests. ligands collapse and this reduces the separation performance drastically. As a pioneer in this field, YMC has offered a product as early as the 80 s, which presents a synonym for stability under aqueous conditions: YMC-Pack ODS-AQ YMC-Pack ODS-AQ hydrophilic C8 balanced surface chemistry polar recognition metabolite recognition 5 µm 3 µm

3 3 203 Hydrosphere C8 A new, ultrapure silica base was introduced whilst adapting the surface chemistry to maintain the AQ -type properties. hydrophilic C8 surface for enhanced polar recognition stable when used with 00% aqueous eluent no need for ion pair reagents addition of 2 µm particle size for Fast-LC (YMC-Pack UltraHT) YMC-Triart "AQ" The latest YMC technology platform consists of a hybrid-style substrate with enhanced stability against ph -2 temp. up to 70 C 00% H 2 O 5 µm 3 µm.9 µm 5 µm µm µm 3 2 Therefore, YMC-Triart provides freedom in method development, robustness and enhanced column lifetimes for reproducible results, day after day, year after year. YMC-Triart is fully scalable within (U)HPLC HPLC with its micron particle sizes in order to facilitate lab-tolab method transfer.

4 4 YMC-Triart C8 state of the art = for polar analytes even under (U)HPLC-conditions ph-stable -2 stable at temperatures up to 70 C stable in 00% H 2 O eluents YMC-Pack ODS-AQ. Cytosine 2. Uracil 3. Guanine 4. Thymine 5. Adenine Column: YMC-Pack ODS-AQ, (5 µm, 2 nm) 50 x 4.6 mm ID Part-No.: AQ2S05-546WT Eluent: 20 mm KH 2 PO 4 -K 2 HPO 4 (ph 6.9) Flow rate:.0 ml/min Temperature: 37 C Injection: 5 µl Detection: UV at 254 nm

5 5 203 Hydrosphere C8 improved peakshape! Column: YMC Hydrosphere C8, (5 µm, 2 nm) 50 x 4.6 mm ID Part-No.: HS2S05-546WT Eluent: 20 mm KH 2 PO 4 -K 2 HPO 4 (ph 6.9) Flow rate:.0 ml/min Temperature: 37 C Injection: 5 µl Detection: UV at 254 nm YMC-Triart "AQ" 2.5 min Column: YMC-Triart C8, (5 µm, 2 nm) 50 x 4.6 mm ID Part-No.: TA2S05-546WT Eluent: 20 mm KH 2 PO 4 -K 2 HPO 4 (ph 6.9) Flow rate:.0 ml/min Temperature: 37 C Injection: 5 µl Detection: UV at 254 nm 2 min Scalable µm improved peakshape and (U)HPLC! Column: YMC-Triart C8, (.9 µm, 2 nm) 50 x 2.0 mm ID Part-No.: TA2SP9-0502PT Eluent: 20 mm KH 2 PO 4 -K 2 HPO 4 (ph 6.9) Flow rate: 0.8 ml/min Temperature: 37 C Injection: µl Detection: UV at 254 nm

6 6 Aqueous conditions deteriorate column performance Example Example 2 Before pump stopped tr 5 = tr 5 = 4 5 After pump stopped 63.5% of initial retention 82.2% of initial retention min min Column: 5 µm, 50 x 4.6 mm ID XBridge C8 (Example ) and Atlantis T3 (Example 2) Eluent: 20 mm KH 2 PO 4 -K 2 HPO 4 (ph 6.9) Flow rate:.0 ml/min Temperature: 37 C Detection: UV at 254 nm Sample:. Cytosine 2. Uracil 3. Guanine 4. Thymine 5. Adenine Why? Image of C8 surface hydration The columns used for applications involving 00% aqueous buffers provide shorter retention times after the flow was stopped between analyses. This behaviour is caused by poor hydration of the phase. Polar compounds cannot easily distribute between the mobile phase and the stationary phase.

7 7 Reproducible stable performance! No retention time changes! Before pump stopped tr 5 = 4 5 After pump stopped 98.0% of initial retention min Column: YMC-Triart C8, (5 µm, 2 nm) 50 x 4.6 mm ID Part-No.: TA2S05-546WT Eluent: 20 mm KH 2 PO 4 -K 2 HPO 4 (ph 6.9) Flow rate:.0 ml/min Temperature: 37 C Detection: UV at 254 nm Image of C8 surface hydration When Triart C8 columns are used for applications involving 00% aqueous buffers, the retention times are unchanged after the flow was stopped between analyses. This is due to the improved hydration of the phase. Polar compounds can easily distribute between the mobile phase and the stationary phase.

8 8 From the inventors of AQ-columns: YMC-Triart C8 "validated" for AQ-conditions! 0 HPLC 5 µm, 250 x 3.0 mm ID 2, ml/min 4 N(4)= MPa 20min. Oxalic acid 2. Tartaric acid 3. Glycolic acid 4. Formic acid 5. L-Malic acid 6. Malonic acid 7. Lactic acid 8. Acetic acid 9. Maleic acid 0. Citric acid. Succinic acid 2. Fumaric acid 3. Acrylic acid 4. Propionic acid UHPLC.9 µm, 00 x 3.0 mm ID 2, ml/min 4 N(4)= MPa 0 Column: YMC-Triart C8 Eluent: 20 mm H 3 PO 4 Flow rate: ml/min Temperature: 37 C Detection: 220 nm 2 3 4min 00% aqueous conditions! Stable under harsh conditions: ph -2 and temperature up to 70 C. Stable retention times with 00% aqueous eluents! Reproducible results day after day, column to column and lab to lab!

9 9 Proven reliability th 400 th (%) Retention stability of Adenine Adenine 300 th th 00 th min Column: YMC-Triart C8, (5 µm, 2 nm) 50 x 3.0 mm ID Part-No.: TA2S05-530WT Eluent: 20 mm KH 2 PO 4 -K 2 HPO 4 (ph 6.9) Flow rate: ml/min Temperature: 37 C Detection: UV at 254 nm Sample:. Cytosine 2. Uracil 3. Guanine 4. Thymine 5. Adenine st Analysis number No change is found in the separation parameters including retention times, even after 500 injections when using Triart C8 YMC-Triart C8 Hydrosphere C8 YMC-Pack ODS-AQ , min min. L-Ascorbic acid 2-glucoside 2. L-Ascorbic acid 3. D-Isoascorbic acid 4. Nicotinic acid 5. Nicotinamide 6. D-(+)-Pantothenic acid calcium salt 7. Pyridoxal hydrochloride 8. Pyridoxine hydrochloride 9. Folic acid 0. Thiamine hydrochloride. Cyanocobalamin 2. D-Biotin 3. Riboflavin min Column: 3 µm, 50 x 3.0 mm ID Part-No.: TA2S05-530WT Eluent: A) 20 mm KH 2 PO 4 -H 3 PO 4 (ph 2.8) containing 5 mm CH 3 (CH 2 ) 5 SO 3 Na B) 20 mm KH 2 PO 4 -H 3 PO 4 (ph 2.8) / acetonitrile (80/20) containing 5 mm CH 3 (CH 2 ) 5 SO 3 Na Flow rate: ml/min Temperature: 40 C Detection: 20 nm Retention behaviour of water-soluble vitamins on three YMC ODS phases which can be used with 00% aqueous mobile phases is compared. The retention times and peak elution order for folic acid (peak 9), thiamine hydrochloride (peak 0) and cyanocobalamin (peak ) are different for the three phases due to the balance of hydrophobicity and hydrogen bond capacity differing between the three phases.

10 0 Batch-to-Batch reproducibility Excellent reproducibility of YMC-Triart phases is available even for the analysis for basic and coordination compounds which normally exhibit tailing and adsorption effects. Basic compounds 2 3 Coordination compounds 2 Lot. E Lot. E Lot. D Lot. D Lot. C Lot. C Lot. B Lot. B Lot. A Lot. A min min J0920Y J0920X Column: YMC-Triart C8, 5 µm, 50 x 3.0 mm ID Part-No.: TA2S05-503WT Eluent: 20 mm KH 2 PO 4 (ph 6.9) / acetonitrile (65/35) Flow rate: ml/min Temperature: 40 C Detection: UV at 235 nm Column: YMC-Triart C8, 5 µm, 50 x 3.0 mm ID Part-No.: TA2S05-503WT Eluent: acetonitrile / 0.% H 3 PO 4 (40/60) Flow rate: ml/min Temperature: 40 C Detection: UV at 254 nm The reproducibility of packed columns is shown below in terms of theoretical plate number (N) and tailing factor (Tf). YMC-Triart packed columns exhibit a very narrow range of variation Theoretical plate number Theoretical plate number Tailing factor Tailing factor Column number 0.5 Column: YMC-Triart C8, 5 µm, 50 x 4.6 mm ID Part-No.: TA2S05-546WT Eluent: acetonitrile / water (40/60) Flow rate:.0 ml/min Temperature: ambient Sample: butyl benzoate

11 Multi-stage endcapping After bonding the alkyl chain, there are highly reactive and less reactive silanols on the surface. In traditional bonding processes, these are reacted with a single capping-compound in one step. However, the highly reactive silanols can be hydrolysed easily which contributes to the poor durability. The less reactive silanols are hard to endcap which results in poor resolution due to peak tailing. YMC-Triart C8, C8 and Phenyl phases use a new innovation in endcapping called multistage endcapping for its surface modification process. By using a number of compounds with the different reactivities in successive steps, all silanols can be capped to the maximum extent. Before EC STEP Hydroxyl group End-capping (EC) group 2 STEP 3 STEP The chromatographic result of a good endcapping is demonstrated: End-capping by traditional method Peak tailing for basic compounds YMC-Triart C8 Ingredients in cough/cold medication:. Chlorpheniramine 2. Dextromethorphan 3. Propyl p-hydroxybenzoate Column: 5 µm, 50 x 3.0 mm ID Part-No.: TA2S05-503WT Eluent: 20 mm KH 2 PO 4 -K 2 HPO 4 (ph 6.9) / acetonitrile (65/35) Flow rate: ml/min Temperature: 40 C Detection: UV at 235 nm

12 2 Substance Index for Applications contained in the General Brochure YMC-Triart (52 s) A Acesulfame K 4-Acetamidoacetophenone 6 2-Acetamidophenol 6,7 Acetaminophene 7 Acetaminophenone 6 Acetanilide 6,7 Acetic acid O-Acetyldaidzin O-Acetylgenistin O-Acetylglycitin 35 Acetylsalicylic acid 7 Aciclovir 32 Adenosine 38 Adrenaline hydrochloride (A) 25 Acidic compounds 44 Alkaloids 29 Amino alcohol 9 4-Aminophenone 6 Amitriptyline 4,2 Amlodipine besilate 33,34 Angiotensin I 2 Angiotensin II 2 Angiotensin III 2 Anthocyanidins 36 Anthocyanins 36 Antidepressants 4 Aromatic carboxylic acids 3 Artificial sweeteners L-Ascorbic acid 35,39 L-Ascorbic acid 2-glucoside 35 Asulam 9 Atenolol 3 Atorvastatin calcium hydrate 34 Atropine 39 Azoxystrobin 9 B Baicalein 30 Barbital 29 Barbiturates 29 Basic compounds 44 Basic drugs 34 Benzethonium chloride 5 Benzyl alcohol 7 Betablockers 3 Bovine insulin 2 n-butylbenzene 2 Butyl benzoate 7,0,4 Brilliant blue FCF 24 C Caffeine 7 Candesartan cilexetil 34 Carvedilol 34 Catecholamines 25 4-Chloroacetanilide 6 Chloroquine phosphate 7 Chlorphenamine 0 Chlorpheniramine 8,43,44 Chlorpheniramine maleate 5 C Chlortetracycline 3,27 trans-cinnamic acid 3 Clemastine 45 Clinamycin HCl 33 Coordinating compounds 44 Copper 8-quinolinolate 9 Cyanidin 36 Cyanidin-3-O-arabinoside 36 Cyanidin-3-O-galactoside 36 Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside 36 Cyanocobalamin 35 Cyclamate Na Cytidine 38 Cytosine 38 D Daidzein 3,35 Daidzin 35 Delphinidin 36 Delphinidin-3-O-arabinoside 36 Delphinidin-3-O-galactoside 36 Delphinidin-3-O-glucoside 36 Dextromethorphan 8,0,43,44 Dihydroquinine 29 3,4-Dihydroxymandelic acid (DOMA) 25 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) 25 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) 25,2-Dimethoxyl benzene 6 Diquat 3 Dopamine hydrochloride (DA) 25 Doxycycline 27 Duloxetine hydrochloride 9 E Endorphins 37 Enkephalins 37 Epinephrine hydrochloride 25 Erythorbic acid 35,39 Erythromycin 2,30 Erythromycin estolate 30 Erythromycin ethylsuccinate 30 Etizolam 26 F Fexofenadine hydrochloride 22,23 Flavonoids 3 Flazasulfuron 9 Formic acid 44 G Genistein 35 Genistin 35 Glycitein 35 Glycitin 35 Glycyrrhizin acid ammonium salt 5 Guaiacol 6 Guanosine 38 H Halosulfuronmethyl 9 Hexobarbital 29 Hinokitiol 44 Human insulin 2 Homovanillic acid (HVA) 25 Hydrochlorothiazide 34 2-Hydroxyacetophenone 65-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5HlAA) 25 Hydroxychloroquine sulfate 7 5-Hydroxytryptamine hydrochloride (5HT) 25 I Ibuprofen 2 Imipramine 4 Insulin 2 D-Isoascorbic acid 39 Isobutyl p-hydrozybenzoate 33 K Kaempferol 3 L Lincomycin HCl 33 Luteolin 3 M Macrolide antibiotics 2 Maleic acid sodium salt 5 6 -O-Malonyldaidzin O-Malonylgenistin O-Malonylglycitin 35 Malvidin 36 Malvidin-3-O-arabinoside 36 Malvidin-3-O-galactoside 36 Malvidin-3-O-glucoside 36 Mecoprop 9 Metformin hydrochloride 38 3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) 25 3-Methoxytyramine hydrochloride (3MT) 25 Methyl benzoate 6,44 4-Methylcatechol 4 Methyl p-hydrozybenzoate 3 2-Methylresorcinol 4 2,5-Methylresorcinol 4 Metoprolol 3 N Nadolol 3 Naphazolin HCl 5 Neostigmine methylsulfate 5 Neurotensin 37 Nicotinamide 35 Nicotinic acid 32,35 4-Nitrocatechol 4 4-Nitrophenol 6 Noradrenaline hydrochloride (NA) 25

13 3 Substance Index for Applications contained in the General Brochure YMC-Triart (52 s) N Norepinephrine hydrochloride 25 Nortriptyline 4 O Organic acids 44 Ortho isomer 9 Oxine-copper 9 Oxytetracycline 3,27 Oxytocin 37 P Paracetamol 6 Para isomer 9 Paraquat 3 Pentobarbital 29 Peonidin 36 Peonidin-3-O-arabinoside 36 Peonidin-3-O-galactoside 36 Peonidin-3-O-glucoside 36 Peptides 37 Pesticides 28 Petunidin 36 Petunidin-3-O-arabinoside 36 Petunidin-3-O-galactoside 36 Petunidin-3-O-glucoside 36 Phenacetine 7 Phenobarbital 29 Phenoformin hydrochloride 38 Phenol 7,6 Pindolol 3 Porcine insulin 2 P Propanolol 3,42 Propionic acid 44 n-propylbenzene 2 Propyl paraben 8,0 Propyl p-hydroxybenzoate 43,44 Pyridoxine HCl 5,35 Pyrocatechol 4,6 Q Quinine 29 8-Quinolinol 2 R Rebaudioside A 5 Resorcinole 4 Riboflavin 35 S Saccharin Salicylic acid 7,3 Scopolamine 29 Secobarbital 29 Serotonin hydrochloride 25 Siduron 9 Soy isoflavones 33 Spiramycin 2 Stevioside hydrate 5 Sulpha drugs 2 Sulphamerazin 2 Sulphamethoxazole 2 Sulphathiazole 2 T o-terphenyl 2 Testosterone 2 Tetracycline antibiotics 3,27 Tetrahydrozoline HCl 5 Thiamine HCl 35 Thiram 9 Toluol 4 Triazolam 26 Triclopyr 9 Triphenolene 2 Tryptophan (Trp) 25 Tyrosine (Tyr) 25 U Uracil 2,38 Uridine 38 V Valsartan 34 Vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) 25 Verapamil 42 Vitamin B 35 Vitamin B2 35 Vitamin B6 35 Vitamin B2 35 Vitamin C 35 Vitamin D2 20 Vitamin D3 20 W Water-soluble vitamins 35 Substance Index for Applications contained in this Brochure Substance Acetic acid 8 Acrylic acid 8 Adenine 4,5,6,7,9 L-Ascorbic acid 9 L-Ascorbic acid 2-glucoside 9 D-Biotin 9 Butyl benzoate 0 Citric acid 8 Cyanocobalamin 9 Cytosine 4,5,6,7,9 Folic acid 9 Formic acid 8 Substance Fumaric acid 8 Glycolic acid 8 Guanine 4,5,6,7,9 D-Isoascorbic acid 9 Lactic acid 8 Maleic acid 8 L-Malic acid 8 Malonic acid 8 Nicotinamide 9 Nicotinic acid 9 Oxalic acid 8 Substance D-(+)-Pantothenic acid calcium salt 9 Propionic acid 8 Pyridoxal hydrochloride 9 Pyridoxine hydrochloride 9 Riboflavin 9 Succinic acid 8 Tartaric acid 8 Thiamine hydrochloride 9 Thymine 4,5,6,7,9 Uracil 4,5,6,7,9 The following brands, trademarks, or service marks are the property of the listed company and/or its subsidiaries. Every effort has been taken to ensure this list is accurate at the time of printing this brochure. Atlantis T3, X-Bridge C8 are trademarks of Waters Corp. Application Data by courtesy of YMC Co., Ltd.

14 4 Ordering Information YMC-Triart C8,.9 µm UHPLC columns (max. pressure,000 bar) Phase C8 Column ID (mm) Column length (mm) Guard cartridges* with 5 mm length (pack of 3) 2.0 TA2SP9-0302PT TA2SP9-0502PT TA2SP9-L502PT TA2SP9-002PT TA2SP9-502PT TA2SP9-E5QCC 3.0 TA2SP9-0503PT TA2SP9-L503PT TA2SP9-003PT TA2SP9-503PT TA2SP9-E503CC *Guard cartridge holder required, part no. XPCHUHP NEW NEW YMC-Triart C8 plus, 3 µm high pressure rated analytical columns (max. pressure 450 bar) Phase C8 *Guard cartridge holder required, part no. XPGCH-Q YMC-Triart C8 plus, 5 µm high pressure rated analytical columns (max. pressure 450 bar) Phase C8 Column ID (mm) Column length (mm) Guard cartridges* with 0 mm length (pack of 5) 2. TA2S03-02QPTH TA2S03-H3QPTH TA2S03-05QPTH TA2S03-L5QPTH TA2S03-0QPTH TA2S03-5QPTH TA2S03-0QGC 3.0 TA2S PTH TA2S03-L503PTH TA2S03-003PTH TA2S03-503PTH TA2S03-003GC 4.6 TA2S03-H346PTH TA2S PTH TA2S03-L546PTH TA2S03-046PTH TA2S03-546PTH TA2S PTH TA2S03-004GC Column ID (mm) Column length (mm) Guard cartridges* with 0 mm length (pack of 5) 2. TA2S05-02QPTH TA2S05-H3QPTH TA2S05-05QPTH TA2S05-L5QPTH TA2S05-0QPTH TA2S05-5QPTH TA2S05-0QGC 3.0 TA2S PTH TA2S05-L503PTH TA2S05-003PTH TA2S05-503PTH TA2S05-003GC 4.6 TA2S05-H346PTH TA2S PTH TA2S05-L546PTH TA2S05-046PTH TA2S05-546PTH TA2S PTH TA2S05-004GC *Guard cartridge holder required, part no. XPGCH-Q Triart plus specifies a novel column hardware technology with increased pressure rating; specifications for the proven bonding chemistries remain identical irrespective of the selected column hardware format. YMC-Triart C8, 3 µm analytical columns (max. pressure 200/250 bar) Phase C8 YMC-Triart C8, 5 µm analytical columns (max. pressure 200/250 bar) Phase C8 Column ID (mm) Column ID (mm) Column length (mm) Column length (mm) Guard cartridges* with 0 mm length (pack of 5) 2.0 TA2S WT TA2S03-L502WT TA2S03-002WT TA2S03-502WT TA2S03-0QGC 3.0 TA2S WT TA2S03-L503WT TA2S03-003WT TA2S03-503WT TA2S03-003GC 4.6 TA2S WT TA2S03-L546WT TA2S03-046WT TA2S03-546WT TA2S WT TA2S03-004GC *Guard cartridge holder required, part no. XPGCH-Q Guard cartridges* with 0 mm length (pack of 5) 2.0 TA2S WT TA2S05-L502WT TA2S05-002WT TA2S05-502WT TA2S05-0QGC 3.0 TA2S WT TA2S05-L503WT TA2S05-003WT TA2S05-503WT TA2S05-003GC 4.6 TA2S WT TA2S05-L546WT TA2S05-046WT TA2S05-546WT TA2S WT TA2S05-004GC *Guard cartridge holder required, part no. XPGCH-Q

15 5 Ordering Information Guard Cartridge Column Packing material YMC-Triart C8 (.9 µm, 2 nm) Column size Length x ID (mm) Product code 5 x 2. TA2SP9-E5QCC (3 / pack) 5 x 3.0 TA2SP9-E503CC (3 / pack) A cartridge holder will need to be purchased separately before using this product for the first time. Other phase than listed above, please inquire us. Cartridge Holder Product name / Specification direct connect holder ( titanium hybrid ferrule included) Ferrule is adjustable. Pressure rated to 40 MPa (20,000 psi) Product code XPCHUHP ( / pack) YMC-Triart, 2 nm, 5 µm in ACTUS high-throughput semipreparative hardware (max. pressure 300 bar) Phase C8 Column ID (mm) Column length (mm) TA2S WX TA2S05-020WX TA2S05-520WX TA2S WX 30.0 TA2S WX TA2S05-L530WX TA2S05-030WX TA2S05-530WX TA2S WX YMC-Triart, preparative bulk media Pore size (nm) 2 YMC-Triart C8-S Particle size (µm) Product Code 0 TAS2S 5 TAS2S6 20 TAS2S2 Available in pack sizes 00 g, 500 g, kg, 5 kg, 25 kg Please inquire for the corresponding brochures: General Brochure YMC-Triart (52 p.) YMC-Triart Prep Brochure (2 p.) YMC-Triart Versatile hybrid silica based (U)HPLC columns The Selectivity Company Transfer Scalable particles: EASY UHPLC HPLC Flexible YMC-Triart: ph -2 Temperatures up to 70 C Universal YMC-Triart for acidic, basic and neutral analytes

16 Your local distributor: Co., Ltd. YMC Karasuma-Gojo Bld. 284 Daigo-cho, Karasuma Nisiiru Gojo-dori Shimogyo-ku, Kyoto Japan TEL. +8(0) , FAX +8(0) Europe GmbH Schöttmannshof 9 D Dinslaken Germany TEL. +49(0)2064/427-0, FAX +49(0)2064/ America, Inc. 94 Marcon Boulevard Suite 20 Allentown, PA809 USA TEL , FAX Taiwan Co., Ltd. 3F, No. 353, Zhongzheng Rd., Taoyuan City, Taoyuan Country 330, Taiwan (R.O.C.) TEL , FAX Korea Co., Ltd. #208, Owners Tower, 6-5, Sunae-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea TEL , FAX India Pvt. Ltd. A-54, Eros Boulevard Hilton Hotel Complex Plot No.3- B, District Centre Mayur Vihar Phase-I New Delhi-009 India TEL ;450470, FAX Co., Ltd. Shanghai Rep. Office Far East International Plaza A2404 No. 39 Xianxia Road, Shanghai P.R. China TEL , FAX Singapore Tradelinks Pte. Ltd. 6 Indus Road, #3-09 Emerald Park, Tower, Singapore TEL YMC-Triart AQ 02/205_EN