Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a DNA virus that causes
|
|
- Easter Roberts
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Human Papillomavirus Infection of the Skin Patrick Bacaj, MD; David Burch, MD Context. Human papillomavirus is implicated in the pathogenesis of benign and malignant neoplasms of the skin. Objective. To review the role of human papillomavirus in the development of malignancies and their precursor lesions in skin. Data Sources. The study comprised a review of the literature. Conclusions. The use of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion terminology brings order and simplicity to these lesions, correlates with the current understanding of the biology of human papillomavirus infections, and helps to promote accurate diagnosis of and appropriate treatment for these lesions. (Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2018;142: ; doi: / arpa ra) Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a DNA virus that causes a variety of lesions when it infects the squamous cells of the skin, depending on site, HPV type, and immune status. The terminology of HPV-associated lesions of genital and perianal skin has undergone changes that have been driven by increased understanding of the biology of HPV infections and their clinical and morphologic implications. 1 Traditional terms for HPV-associated lesions of genital and perianal skin include condyloma acuminatum and Bowen disease. Outside of the anogenital region the more common warts include verruca vulgaris, verruca plantaris, and verruca plana. Epidermodysplasia verruciformis reflects a genetic predisposition to certain HPV types not normally found infecting the general population. HPV TYPES AND THE LESIONS THEY PRODUCE Classification of HPV is based on the DNA sequence of the viral L1 gene 2. A simplified association between HPV type and the skin lesion it produces is presented in the Table The HPV types 6 and 11 are found in more than 90% of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSILs) of the lower anogenital tract, such as condyloma acuminatum, but HPV types 16, 18, 31, 33, and 51 confer an increased risk of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) and carcinoma. Simultaneous dual infection of condyloma acuminatum by low-risk and high-risk HPV is common. 8,9 MECHANISM OF HPV EFFECT ON SQUAMOUS CELLS Following the infection of basal squamous cells, HPV stimulates epidermal proliferation and production of viral Accepted for publication February 2, From the Department of Pathology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown. The authors have no relevant financial interest in the products or companies described in this article. Corresponding author: Patrick Bacaj, MD, Pathology Department, West Virginia University Hospital, 1 Medical Center Dr, Morgantown, WV ( pbacaj@hsc.wvu.edu). particles. To stimulate epidermal proliferation, some of the proteins coded for by the virus suppress the cell cycle control mechanisms found in human cells. The E6 viral protein binds to p53, interfering with its normal functions and enhancing its degradation. The normal functions of p53 include cell cycle arrest, facilitation of DNA repair, and apoptosis when DNA damage is beyond repair. The E7 viral protein binds to RB (retinoblastoma protein), removing another check that would ordinarily keep the cell from entering the cell cycle and dividing. 14 For low-risk HPV types, such as HPV 2 (in the skin) and HPV 6 and HPV 11 (in the anogenital region), the affected squamous cells proliferate but mature as they approach the skin surface and the lesions often eventually regress. Not only do the highrisk HPV types, such as HPV 16, induce squamous proliferation, but the affected cells fail to mature, resulting in dysplasia, and the cells eventually may become frankly malignant. The HPV types that readily integrate into the host DNA rather than remaining as episomal DNA have the greatest predilection for causing malignant transformation, in part by causing gene mutations in the process of integration that compound the functional loss of p53 and RB. 15 The tumor suppressor protein p16 is not inhibited directly by HPV proteins and is naturally increased in the absence of RB, but even excess amounts of p16 cannot fully compensate for the loss of p53 and RB in infected cells that have undergone malignant change. TERMINOLOGY OF HPV-ASSOCIATED LESIONS OF GENITAL AND PERIANAL SKIN The terminology of HPV-associated lesions of genital and perianal skin has undergone change driven by increased understanding of the biology of HPV infections and their clinical and morphologic implications. 1 Much of the older terminology of these lesions predates the knowledge that they are virally induced. Older terms for HPV-associated squamous proliferations of the lower anogenital tract (LAT) that are low grade (unlikely to progress to invasive carcinoma) are condyloma acuminatum, flat condyloma, and giant condyloma. The intraepithelial neopla- 700 Arch Pathol Lab Med Vol 142, June 2018 HPV Infection of Skin Bacaj & Burch
2 Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Types of Various Skin Lesions 3 13 Disease Most Common HPV Types Other Types Verruca vulgaris 2 4, 7, 27, 57 Butcher warts 7 2 Verruca plantaris 1 2, 4, 63 Verruca plana 3 10 Epidermodysplasia verruciformis 5, 8 14, 20, 21, 25, 47 Condyloma acuminatum 6, 11, 16 18, 31, 33, 51 Squamous carcinoma 16 18, 33, 5, 8 sia terminology has also been applied to these lesions. Thus, a vulvar condyloma can also be called vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1 (VIN 1). Similarly, penile condyloma can be called penile intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1 (PeIN 1), and perianal condyloma can be called perianal intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1 (PAIN 1). More recently, the Lower Anogenital Squamous Terminology (LAST) Project for HPV-Associated Lesions has proposed that all of these low-grade lesions be called low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion. 1 Older terms for HPV-associated lesions of the LAT that are high grade (having significant risk of progression to invasive carcinoma) include erythroplasia of Queyrat for penile lesions, and Bowen disease and Bowenoid papulosis for lesions of the LAT in general. 16 The intraepithelial neoplasia terms for these diseases would be penile, vulvar, or perianal intraepithelial neoplasia grades 2 and 3 (PeIN 2/3, VIN 2/3, or PAIN 2/3, respectively). The LAST Project recommends that these lesions be called high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. 1 TYPES OF LSILS OF THE ANOGENITAL TRACT Low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion of the LAT represents the clinical and morphologic manifestation of productive HPV infection. Low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions can present as a hyperkeratotic macule that has been called mild dysplasia; VIN 1, PeIN 1, or PAIN 1; or flat condyloma. When the surface of LSIL is undulating, polypoid, papillary, or verrucous the terms condyloma acuminatum or anogenital wart have been employed. The virus that causes LSIL is sexually transmitted, with an estimated 1% prevalence in the sexually active population in the United States. At least 90% to 95% of LSILs are associated with low-risk HPV types 6 or 11, whereas a small minority is associated with high-risk HPV types (16, 18, 31, 33, and 51). 8,9 Most cases resolve spontaneously or are cured by simple excision, 17 but recurrent condyloma acuminatum (large polyps of LSIL) refractory to treatment can be a source of great distress for the patient. The clinical differential diagnosis of LSIL may include seborrheic keratosis or fibroepithelial polyp. A lesion that has the gross morphology of seborrheic keratosis but is positive for HPV infection is best considered to be condyloma acuminatum. 18 The degree of squamous proliferation in LSIL ranges from simple acanthosis to marked papillomatosis. Basal hyperplasia and crowding are found in the lower portion of the epidermis, but the cells gain more cytoplasm as they approach the surface. Mitotic activity is limited to the base of the epithelium, including around dermal papillae. Parakeratosis and hyperkeratosis reflect rapid proliferation of keratinocytes. Cells with large, hyperchromatic nuclei, irregular nuclear contour, and perinuclear clearing, called koilocytes, are a helpful but not mandatory feature of the upper portion of the epidermis (Figure 1). When the LSIL of HPV origin becomes very large, it has been called the giant condyloma of Buschke and Loewenstein. This occurs most commonly in males in the glans and foreskin, but it may occur as a perianal lesion in females. It is a large (5 10 cm) condyloma acuminatum, which may extend into deeper tissues with a pushing border. It is microscopically benign, characterized by cells with a low N/C ratio. Vacuolization of keratinocytes is mild or absent. By immunohistochemistry it is negative for p16. The differential diagnosis is with warty carcinoma and verrucous carcinoma. 19 HSIL OF THE LAT A variety of alternative terms continue to be used for HSIL of the LAT, depending on site of involvement, clinical findings, and personal preference. In 1912 Dr Bowen described 2 cases, 1 on the buttocks and 1 on the lower leg, which microscopically had atypical cells throughout the squamous layer, without maturation. 20 The term Bowen disease has hence been used for squamous carcinoma in situ in sun-exposed skin and what is now called HSIL in the LAT. Bowen disease is typically a circumscribed, erythematous scaly plaque. A distinction has been made between Bowen disease and Bowenoid papulosis based on clinical features. The clinical appearance of Bowenoid papulosis is of multiple, small, red or pigmented papules of the genitalia that may be verrucous. It tends to occur in younger patients than Bowen disease does, in males it mostly occurs on glans or shaft of the penis, and in females it is often vulvar or perineal. The lesions tend to resolve spontaneously but may persist or progress to invasive carcinoma. 16 Plaques and papules of HSIL, sometimes multifocal, have been classified by site using the intraepithelial system. Grades 2 and 3 of VIN, PeIN, and PAIN all can be subsumed under the rubric of HSIL. Erythroplasia of Queyrat is a clinical term applied to HSIL (squamous cell carcinoma [SCC] in situ) of the glans penis. It presents as a circumscribed, red, shiny plaque. Microscopically it is identical to other types of HSIL. High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion is recognized to carry a risk of developing into invasive SCC if left untreated, 21 but the degree of risk has not been established. Older patients and larger lesions of HSIL are associated with a greater risk of invasion. 17 High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion microscopically shows full-thickness crowding of atypical keratinocytes, with hyperchromatic nuclei, anisonucleosis, high nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio, and parakeratosis (Figure 2, A). Mitoses are numerous, sometimes atypical, and can be found above the basal layer (Figure 2, B). Koilocytosis may be seen. High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion may extend into skin appendages and mimic invasive SCC. High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion is associated with high-risk HPV types (16, 18, 31, 33, and 51). 22 Squamous cell carcinoma in situ arising in sun-damaged skin appears similar, although it may have larger nuclei, a lower nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio, and fewer mitoses. In sun-exposed skin, solar radiation is the major etiologic Arch Pathol Lab Med Vol 142, June 2018 HPV Infection of Skin Bacaj & Burch 701
3 Figure 1. Low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (condyloma acuminatum) with acanthosis, papillomatosis, parakeratosis, and koilocytotic atypia (hematoxylin-eosin, original magnification 3200). Figure 2. High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) arising in condyloma acuminatum. A, At lower magnification, lack of maturation gives the epithelium a darker appearance. Marked parakeratosis is also evident. B, Note the absence of epithelial maturation in HSIL (left half of photograph) (hematoxylin-eosin, original magnifications 3100 [A] and 3200 [B]). factor, although HPV may also be involved, especially in immunocompromised patients SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA Squamous cell carcinoma is defined as an invasive carcinoma composed of squamous cells. The basaloid and warty variants of SCC are associated with HPV infections. The basaloid variant of SCC is composed of immature basaltype cells. The warty variant may have superficial koilocytotic atypia. Both variants are usually positive for HPV 16 and p16. Most verrucous carcinomas, in contrast, are HPV negative and lack koilocytotic atypia. Clinically, SCC of usual type is solitary and forms an ulcer, macule, nodule, or verrucous mass. Microscopically, SCC demonstrates infiltrating islands of malignant squamous cells. The prognosis of SCC depends on depth of invasion and lymph node status. The basaloid variant of SCC is an HPV-related aggressive tumor that presents as a flat, ulcerated, irregular mass with endophytic growth and a solid, tan cut surface. The histopathology shows a downward proliferation of closely packed solid nests of basaloid cells. The nests may have central necrosis and often have foci of abrupt keratinization. The nuclei are of small to medium size, ovoid, and hyperchromatic, with inconspicuous nucleoli and with frequent mitoses. It may mimic neuroendocrine carcinoma. Vascular invasion is common. The tumor is usually deeply invasive, with inguinal metastases in 50% and a mortality rate of 20% to 30%. 26 Warty carcinoma is an exophytic, papillomatous HPVrelated tumor resembling condyloma but with malignant cytologic features. It grows slowly and is moderately differentiated. On gross examination it is cauliflower-like, exophytic, and large, with a granular surface. On cut section it is exo-endophytic. On microscopic examination the warty 702 Arch Pathol Lab Med Vol 142, June 2018 HPV Infection of Skin Bacaj & Burch
4 carcinoma displays long papillae with fibrovascular cores and parakeratosis. It may invade in a burrowing manner with an irregular jagged border. It includes koilocytotic cells with nuclear pleomorphism. The nuclei are of intermediate to large size, hyperchromatic, and wrinkled. In the deeper parts of the papillae, p16 is positive. Multiple HPV types have been found. The mortality rate associated with the tumor is less than 10%. 26 Penile SCC originates on the glans and foreskin; origin on the shaft is rare. About 30% to 50% of penile SCC is HPV related. 27 The incidence of this tumor appears to be increasing in the United States. No consistent molecular prognostic factor has been identified. 26 VERRUCA VULGARIS Verruca vulgaris, or common wart, is found at all ages but is more frequent in children and adolescents. It can be single or multiple and has a predilection for exposed sites, particularly the fingers. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and immunosuppression predisposes a person for multiple verruca. Human papillomavirus 2 is the most common type associated with verruca vulgaris, but in patients with HIV other types, such as HPV57, are also found. 12 Common warts appear as hyperkeratotic, domeshaped papules. The surface is typically rough. The filiform variant has slender papillae and is found around the lips, eyelids, or nares. The butcher s wart variant, seen in meat and fish handlers, is more likely to assume a hyperproliferative, cauliflower-like appearance. Black puncta may be seen on the surface of verruca vulgaris, particularly if the surface is scraped, corresponding microscopically to intracorneal hemorrhage or dilated capillary loops within elongated dermal papillae. In the classic histologic presentation, verruca vulgaris has spirelike papillae with highly vascular cores and elongated rete ridges that curve inward (Figure 3). There is parakeratosis over the tips to the papillae and small aggregates of blood or serum in the parakeratosis. In the concavities (valleys) between the papillae the keratin is orthokeratotic, and the granular layer of the epidermis contains large, coarse keratohyalin granules and may additionally have pyknotic nuclei and vacuolated cytoplasm. The surface of verruca vulgaris can be distorted by a prurigo nodule like response to rubbing, with attenuation of the papillae and compact orthokeratosis. The base of verruca vulgaris can be distorted by inflammation, basement membrane disruption, and reactive keratinocytes with large, round nuclei and prominent nucleoli, to the point where it can be difficult to distinguish from SCC arising in verruca vulgaris. VERRUCA PLANTARIS AND VERRUCA PALMARIS Palmoplantar warts are found on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet (acral surfaces), most frequently on the soles of children. Pressure points, such as the mid tarsal area of the sole, are a favored site, and such lesions can be painful. Some verrucae on the soles consist of multiple grouped or fused lesions with a keratinaceous plug and a peripheral, hard keratotic rim; these can be referred to as mosaic warts. As in verruca vulgaris, black puncta can be seen. The soft central core and the presence of punctate bleeding when pared down help to distinguish plantar warts from calluses or corns. A second presentation of verruca plantaris is as a smooth-surfaced, deep, tender, often inflamed papule or plaque. This has been termed myrmecia due to its supposed resemblance to an ant hill (derived from the Greek word for ant). Myrmecia are caused by HPV 1. 5 Similar warts may be found beside or beneath the toenail or fingernail, and can be mistaken for paronychia (nail inflammation) or digital mucinous cyst. A less common variant of plantar wart is the ridged wart, caused mostly by HPV 60, where the dermatoglyphics (fingerprint pattern) is retained over the surface of the nodule. 28 Ridged wart can also result in keratinaceous cyst formation. 29 Verruca plantaris shares many histologic features with verruca vulgaris but is more endophytic and has a greater proportion of the lesion penetrating into the dermis beneath the plane of the epidermis. The appearance of the keratohyalin granules within the superficial squamous cells varies depending on the HPV type. Human papillomavirus 1 is associated with large, eosinophilic keratohyalin granules and prominent cytoplasmic vacuolization (Figure 4). Human papillomavirus 4 is associated with large, vacuolated keratinocytes with few granules and small, peripherally located nuclei. 30 Warts on the feet caused by HPV2 resemble verruca vulgaris microscopically. VERRUCA PLANA Verruca plana, also called flat warts or plane warts, are 2 to 4 mm in size, smooth, flat-topped papules that are frequently multiple and clustered and that generally have little change in color from the adjacent skin other than increased pigmentation. They can extend along sites of trauma (Koebner phenomenon). Flat warts normally arise in children and adolescents but can occasionally be found in adult women and patients with HIV. They have the highest rate of spontaneous remission of HPV skin infections, often regressing in weeks to months, but may persist for years. Human papillomavirus 3 and HPV10 are the types most implicated. Flat warts show acanthosis and hyperkeratosis, but without papillomatosis or parakeratosis. The most striking microscopic features are vacuolization of the cells of the upper stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum with margination of keratohyalin granules (Figure 5). Cases undergoing regression show apoptosis and lymphocyte exocytosis into the epidermis. EPIDERMODYSPLASIA VERRUCIFORMIS A narrow definition of epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) requires specific gene abnormalities, susceptibility to b HPV types, and a distinctive clinical appearance. A total of 75% of EV patients have autosomal recessive abnormalities of EVER1/TMC6 at locus 17q25 or EVER2/TMC8 at 2p ,31 X-linked recessive and autosomal dominant cases have also been reported. 32 The nucleotide sequence of the L1 capsid protein gene is used to type HPV, 2 and additionally papillomaviruses are placed into different genera based on the similarity of this gene between various types. 33 The a group contains most of the common HPV types that cause verruca vulgaris (HPVs 2 and 7), verruca plana (HPVs 3 and 10), LSIL (HPVs 6 and 11), and HSIL (HPVs 16 and 18). The l group contains HPV types that cause plantar warts (HPVs 1 and 63). The HPV types of the b family include types 4, 5, 8, 20, 21, 25, and 47. In the general population, b types of HPV can be found on the skin, but no skin lesions are produced. In EV, b HPV types cause numerous skin lesions. HPV5 and HPV8 are the most common, but many other b HPV types are also found. Arch Pathol Lab Med Vol 142, June 2018 HPV Infection of Skin Bacaj & Burch 703
5 Figure 3. Verruca vulgaris. A, Note the inward curvature of the rete ridges. B, Parakeratosis is present over the tips of the papillae in verruca vulgaris, with orthokeratosis and large keratohyalin granules between the papillae (hematoxylin-eosin, original magnifications 320 [A] and 3200 [B]). Figure 4. Verruca plantaris. Verruca plantaris has an endophytic pattern (A) with large, eosinophilic keratohyalin granules and cytoplasmic vacuolization (B) (hematoxylin-eosin, original magnifications 340 [A] and 3200 [B]). The unifying clinical feature of EV is the presence of numerous HPV skin lesions either resembling flat warts or with a plaquelike appearance. Patients with a familial predilection for multiple nonresolving flat warts infected with HPV 3 and HPV 10 (the usual HPV types of flat warts) appear clinically similar to EV patients but are not susceptible to the EV-associated HPV types and do not share the same genetic changes. It is controversial whether the familial flat wart group should be considered a category of EV based on similar clinical features, or a separate entity based on the differing HPV types involved and absence of characteristic genetic defect. The molecular genetic abnormalities associated with EV are thought to impair intrinsic or innate immunity specific for the b HPV types, and are not associated with any other infections. 7 In contrast, patients with primary or acquired immunodeficiencies are susceptible to an EV-like epidermal proliferation caused by b HPV types 34,35 in addition to other infections. In both EV patients and immunosuppressed patients, HPV 5 and HPV 8 carry an increased risk of SCC in sun-exposed areas, possibly due to inhibition of UVBinduced apoptosis. 23 Human papillomavirus 5 or HPV 8 was found in half of SCCs in renal transplantation patients compared with 2.6% in nonimmunosuppressed patients. 24,25 Human papillomavirus 8 has also been found as a coinfection with HPV 16 in erythroplasia of Queyrat type of HSIL. 36 Histologically, the skin lesions of epidermolysis verruciformis in its full expression are acanthotic, with small 704 Arch Pathol Lab Med Vol 142, June 2018 HPV Infection of Skin Bacaj & Burch
6 Figure 5. Verruca plana. Verruca plana shows vacuolization of the cells of the upper stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum with margination of keratohyalin granules (hematoxylin-eosin, original magnification 3400). nests of large cells with pale blue-gray cytoplasm, clear nuclei, and perinuclear halos. Similar features can occasionally be found incidentally or in acanthomas of a normal population. SUMMARY Human papillomavirus causes a variety of proliferative squamous lesions on the skin. The natural history of these lesions depends on site, HPV type, and host factors. In the LAT, these lesions are divided into LSILs and HSILs based on microscopic appearance, to predict risk of progression to SCC and guide treatment. The microscopic appearance generally corresponds to whether the lesion is due to lowrisk or high-risk HPV types. The use of LSIL and HSIL terminology brings order and simplicity to these lesions, correlates with current understanding of the biology of HPV infections, and helps to promote accurate diagnosis of and appropriate treatment for these lesions. Outside of the anogenital region the more common warts include verruca vulgaris, verruca plantaris, and verruca plana, each with a different clinical presentation, histologic appearance, and causative HPV type. Epidermodysplasia verruciformis represents a genetic predisposition to HPV types not normally found in the general population. References 1. Darragh TM, Colgan TJ, Cox JT, et al. The lower anogenital squamous terminology standardization project for HPV-associated lesions: background and consensus recommendations from the College of American Pathologists and the American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2012;136(10): Bernard H, Burk RD, Chen Z, van Doorslaer K, zur Hausen H, de Villiers E. Classification of papillomaviruses (PVs) based on 189 PV types and proposal of taxonomic amendments. Virology. 2010;401(1): Rübben A, Krones R, Schwetschenau B, Grussendorf-Conen EI. Common warts from immunocompetent patients show the same distribution of human papillomavirus types as common warts from immunocompromised patients. Br J Dermatol. 1993;128(3): Keefe M, al-ghamdi A, Coggon D, et al. Cutaneous warts in butchers. Br J Dermatol. 1994;130(1): Corley E, Pueyo S, Goc B, Diaz A, Zorzopulos J. Papillomaviruses in human skin warts and their incidence in an argentine population. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 1988;10(2): Jablonska S, Orth G, Jarzabek-Chorzelska M, et al. New developments relating to papillomaviruses [in German]. Hautarzt. 1979;30(8): Orth G. Genetics of epidermodysplasia verruciformis: insights into host defense against papillomaviruses. Semin Immunol. 2006;18(6): Hawkins MG, Winder DM, Ball SLR, et al. Detection of specific HPV subtypes responsible for the pathogenesis of condylomata acuminata. Virol J. 2013;10: Chan PKS, Luk ACS, Luk TNM, et al. Distribution of human papillomavirus types in anogenital warts of men. J Clin Virol. 2009;44(2): Bruggink SC, de Koning MN, Gussekloo J, et al. Cutaneous wart-associated HPV types: prevalence and relation with patient characteristics. J Clin Virol. 2012; 55(3): Padayachee A, van Wyk CW. Human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in focal epithelial hyperplasia by in situ hybridization. J Oral Pathol Med. 1991;20(5): Porro AM, Alchorne MMA, Mota GR, Michalany N, Pignatari ACC, Souza IE. Detection and typing of human papillomavirus in cutaneous warts of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Br J Dermatol. 2003;149(6): Krustrup D, Jensen HL, van den Brule, Adriaan J C, Frisch M. Histological characteristics of human papilloma-virus-positive and -negative invasive and in situ squamous cell tumours of the penis. Int J Exp Pathol. 2009;90(2): Giacinti C, Giordano A. RB asnd cell cycle progression. Oncogene. 2006; 25(38): Swan DC, Vernon SD, Icenogle JP. Cellular proteins involved in papillomavirus-induced transformation. Arch Virol. 1994;138(1 2): Weedon D. Skin Pathology. 2nd ed. London, UK: Churchill Livingstone; 2002: Kurman RJ. WHO Classification of Tumours of Female Reproductive Organs. 4th ed. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2014: WHO Classification of Tumours; vol Medeiros F, Nascimento AF, Crum CP. Early vulvar squamous neoplasia: advances in classification, diagnosis, and differential diagnosis. Adv Anat Pathol. 2005;12(1): Sternberg SS, Mills SE. Sternberg s Diagnostic Surgical Pathology. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2015: Bowen JT. Centennial paper: May 1912 (J Cutan Dis Syph 1912;30: ): precancerous dermatoses: a study of two cases of chronic atypical epithelial proliferation: by John T. Bowen, M.D., Boston. Arch Dermatol. 1983;119(3): Graham JH, Helwig EB. Erythroplasia of queyrat: a clinicopathologic and histochemical study. Cancer. 1973;32(6): Bonvicini F, Venturoli S, Ambretti S, et al. Presence and type of oncogenic human papillomavirus in classic and in differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia and keratinizing vulvar squamous cell carcinoma. J Med Virol. 2005; 77(1): Struijk L, van der Meijden E, Kazem S, et al. Specific betapapillomaviruses associated with squamous cell carcinoma of the skin inhibit UVB-induced apoptosis of primary human keratinocytes. J Gen Virol. 2008;89(pt 9): Stockfleth E, Nindl I, Sterry W, Ulrich C, Schmook T, Meyer T. Human papillomaviruses in transplant-associated skin cancers. Dermatol Surg. 2004; 30(4, pt 2): Shamanin V, zur Hausen H, Lavergne D, et al. Human papillomavirus infections in nonmelanoma skin cancers from renal transplant recipients and nonimmunosuppressed patients. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1996;88(12): Moch H, Humphrey PA, Ulbright TM, Reuter VE. WHO Classification of Tumours of the Urinary System and Male Genital Organs. 4th ed. Lyon, France: IARC; 2016: Parkin DM, Bray F. Chapter 2: the burden of HPV-related cancers. Vaccine. 2006;24(suppl 3): Honda A, Iwasaki T, Sata T, Kawashima M, Morishima T, Matsukura T. Human papillomavirus type 60-associated plantar wart. ridged wart. Arch Dermatol. 1994;130(11): Egawa K, Hayashibara T, Ono T. Inverted plantar wart. Arch Dermatol. 1993;129(3): Patterson JW. Weedon s Skin Pathology. 4th ed. Amsterdam, the Netherlands: Elsevier; 2016: Sun XK, Chen JF, Xu AE. A homozygous nonsense mutation in the EVER2 gene leads to epidermodysplasia verruciformis. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2005;30(5): McDermott DF, Gammon B, Snijders PJ, et al. Autosomal dominant epidermodysplasia verruciformis lacking a known EVER1 or EVER2 mutation. Pediatr Dermatol. 2009;26(3): Leto Md, Santos Júnior GF, Porro AM, Tomimori J. Human papillomavirus infection: etiopathogenesis, molecular biology and clinical manifestations. An Bras Dermatol. 2011;86(2): Leiding JW, Holland SM. Warts and all: human papillomavirus in primary immunodeficiencies. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012;130(5): Sri JC, Dubina MI, Kao GF, Rady PL, Tyring SK, Gaspari AA. Generalized verrucosis: a review of the associated diseases, evaluation, and treatments. JAm Acad Dermatol. 2012;66(2): Wieland U, Jurk S, Weissenborn S, Krieg T, Pfister H, Ritzkowsky A. Erythroplasia of queyrat: coinfection with cutaneous carcinogenic human papillomavirus type 8 and genital papillomaviruses in a carcinoma in situ. J Invest Dermatol. 2000;115(3): Arch Pathol Lab Med Vol 142, June 2018 HPV Infection of Skin Bacaj & Burch 705
Benign and malignant epithelial lesions: Seborrheic keratosis: A common benign pigmented epidermal tumor occur in middle-aged or older persons more
Benign and malignant epithelial lesions: Seborrheic keratosis: A common benign pigmented epidermal tumor occur in middle-aged or older persons more common on the trunk; but extremities, head and neck are
More informationDiseases of the vulva
Diseases of the vulva 1. Bartholin Cyst - Infection of the Bartholin gland produces an acute inflammation within the gland (adenitis) and may result in an abscess. Bartholin duct cysts - Are relatively
More informationMyxo-inflammatory Fibroblastic sarcoma
AKA Myxo-inflammatory Fibroblastic sarcoma Acral Myxoinflammatory fibroblastic sarcomaam.j.surg.path1998; 22; 911-924 Inflammatory myxoid tumour of soft parts with bizarre giant cells [Pathol.Res.Pract.
More informationClinically Microscopically Pathogenesis: autoimmune not lifetime
Vulvar Diseases: Can be divided to non-neoplastic and neoplastic diseases. The neoplastic diseases are much less common. Of those, squamous cell carcinoma is the most common. most common in postmenopausal
More informationPathology of the skin. 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University
Pathology of the skin 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University Histology of the skin Epidermis: Stratum corneum Stratum granulosum Stratum spinosum Stratum basale Dermis: papillary and reticular
More informationPenile cancer teams in UK. Common variants. Penile cancer teams. Basaloid squamous carcinoma. The Pathology of Penile Tumours
The Pathology of Penile Tumours Dr Jonathan H Shanks The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK Penile cancer teams in UK 12 centres for penile cancer work (10 in England and Wales, 2 in Scotland)
More informationDermatopathology: The tumor is composed of keratinocytes which show atypia, increase mitoses and abnormal mitoses.
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC): A common malignant tumor of keratinocytes arising in the epidermis, usually from a precancerous condition: 1- UV induced actinic keratosis, usually of low grade malignancy.
More informationMECHANISMS OF HUMAN DISEASE: LABORATORY SESSION PATHOLOGY OF THE SKIN LAB. Friday, February 12, :30 am 11:00 am
MECHANISMS OF HUMAN DISEASE: LABORATORY SESSION PATHOLOGY OF THE SKIN LAB Friday, February 12, 2012 9:30 am 11:00 am FACULTY COPY GOALS: Describe the basic clinical and morphologic features of various
More information04/09/2018. Squamous Cell Neoplasia and Precursor Lesions. Agenda. Squamous Dysplasia. Squamo-proliferative lesions. Architectural features
Squamous Cell Neoplasia and Precursor Lesions Jennifer L. Hunt, MD, MEd Aubrey J. Hough Jr, MD, Endowed Professor of Pathology Chair of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of Arkansas for Medical
More informationDiagnostic difficulties with lesions of the oral mucosa
BDIAP London, November 2010 School of Clinical Dentistry University of Sheffield Diagnostic difficulties with lesions of the oral mucosa Paul M Speight Dept Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology University of
More informationChapter 6 Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Variants and Challenges
Chapter 6 Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Variants and Challenges Michael B. Morgan EPIDEMIOLOGY: Second most common skin cancer, rare in the dark-skinned races. ETIOLOGY: Ultraviolet light, HPV infection. PATHOGENESIS:
More informationHistopathology: skin pathology
Histopathology: skin pathology These presentations are to help you identify, and to test yourself on identifying, basic histopathological features. They do not contain the additional factual information
More informationActinic keratosis (AK): Dr Sarma s simple guide
Actinic keratosis (AK): Dr Sarma s simple guide Actinic keratosis is a very common lesion that you will see in your day-to-day practice. First, let me explain the name Actinic keratosis. It means keratosis
More informationWhen Immunostains Can Get You in Trouble: Gynecologic Pathology p16: Panacea or Pandora s Box?
When Immunostains Can Get You in Trouble: Gynecologic Pathology p16: Panacea or Pandora s Box? Teri A. Longacre, MD Stanford Medicine Stanford California pi6 in Gynecologic Pathology: Panacea or Pandora
More informationCase Report Warty Carcinoma Penis: An Uncommon Variant
Hindawi Case Reports in Pathology Volume 2017, Article ID 2937592, 4 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/2937592 Case Report Warty Carcinoma Penis: An Uncommon Variant Sushma Thapa, 1 Arnab Ghosh, 1 Santosh
More informationBasal cell carcinoma 5/28/2011
Goal of this Presentation A practical approach to the diagnosis of cutaneous carcinomas and their mimics Thaddeus Mully, MD University of California San Francisco To review common non-melanoma skin cancers
More informationNEOPLASMS OF THE SURFACE EPITHELIUM (KERATINOCYTES)
NEOPLASMS OF THE SURFACE EPITHELIUM (KERATINOCYTES) Papillary Lesions Precancerous Lesions Keratinocyte Proliferations Carcinomas Melanotic Lesions Melanomas Normal Mucosa Keratin layer Spinous layer Basal
More informationالمركب النموذج--- سبيتز وحمة = Type Spitz's Nevus, Compound SPITZ NEVUS 1 / 7
SPITZ NEVUS 1 / 7 Epidemiology An annual incidence rate of 1.4 cases of Spitz nevus per 100,000 individuals has been estimated in Australia, compared with 25.4 per 100,000 individuals for cutaneous melanoma
More informationMECHANISMS OF HUMAN DISEASE: LABORATORY SESSION PATHOLOGY OF THE SKIN LAB. Friday, February 13, :30 am 11:00 am
MECHANISMS OF HUMAN DISEASE: LABORATORY SESSION PATHOLOGY OF THE SKIN LAB Friday, February 13, 2009 9:30 am 11:00 am FACULTY COPY GOALS: Describe the basic clinical and morphologic features of various
More informationPremalignant skin tumours
Chapter 14: Premalignant skin tumours page: 434 Premalignant skin tumours page: 435 Solar keratoses (senile keratoses) Raised red and well-defined plaques with a rough surface covered in scales of varying
More informationHuman Papillomavirus
Human Papillomavirus Dawn Palaszewski, MD Assistant Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of February 18, 2018 9:40 am Dawn Palaszewski, MD Assistant Professor Department of Obstetrics and
More informationHistopathology: Cervical HPV and neoplasia
Histopathology: Cervical HPV and neoplasia These presentations are to help you identify basic histopathological features. They do not contain the additional factual information that you need to learn about
More informationISPUB.COM. Giant Verruca Vulgaris-Rare Presentation. K Pandurengan, N R.M, R Chidambaram, S T.K INTRODUCTION CASE REPORT
ISPUB.COM The Internet Journal of Dermatology Volume 8 Number 2 K Pandurengan, N R.M, R Chidambaram, S T.K Citation K Pandurengan, N R.M, R Chidambaram, S T.K.. The Internet Journal of Dermatology. 2010
More information1.Acute and Chronic Cervicitis - At the onset of menarche, the production of estrogens by the ovary stimulates maturation of the cervical and vaginal
Diseases of cervix I. Inflammations 1.Acute and Chronic Cervicitis - At the onset of menarche, the production of estrogens by the ovary stimulates maturation of the cervical and vaginal squamous mucosa
More informationAcantholytic Anaplastic Extramammary Paget s Disease: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Ann Dermatol Vol. 23, Suppl. 2, 2011 http://dx.doi.org/10.5021/ad.2011.23.s2.s226 CASE REPORT Acantholytic Anaplastic Extramammary Paget s Disease: A Case Report and Review of the Literature Yu-Jin Oh,
More informationPenis/Scrotum. 5.1 Extramammary Paget disease vs. High-grade penile intraepithelial
5 Penis/Scrotum 5.1 Extramammary Paget disease vs. High-grade penile intraepithelial neoplasia 5.2 Pseudoepitheliomatous squamous cell carcinoma vs. Pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia 5.3 Verrucous squamous
More informationA five year study on differential diagnosis of verruciform penile lesions
Original Research Article A five year study on differential diagnosis of verruciform penile lesions S. Sujatha 1, V. Srinivas Kumar 2*, K. Durga 3 1 Associate Professor, 2 Assistant Professor, 3 Professor
More informationHistopathology of Melanoma
THE YALE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 48, 409-416 (1975) Histopathology of Melanoma G. J. WALKER SMITH Department ofpathology, Yale University School ofmedicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, Connecticut
More informationPremalignant lesions may expose to a promoting. factor & may be induced to undergo malignant. Carcinoma in situ displays the cytologic features of
بسم رلاهللا Def. Premalignant lesions may expose to a promoting factor & may be induced to undergo malignant transformation. Carcinoma in situ displays the cytologic features of malignancy without invasion
More informationMody. AIS vs. Invasive Adenocarcinoma of the Cervix
Common Problems in Gynecologic Pathology Michael T. Deavers, M.D. Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas Common Problems in Gynecologic Pathology Adenocarcinoma in-situ (AIS) of the Cervix vs. Invasive
More informationSEBACEOUS NEOPLASMS. Dr. Prachi Saraogi Clinical Fellow in Dermatology
SEBACEOUS NEOPLASMS Dr. Prachi Saraogi Clinical Fellow in Dermatology Sebaceous neoplasms Sebaceous adenoma (Benign) Sebaceous carcinoma (Malignant) SEBACEOUS ADENOMA Benign tumours composed of incompletely
More informationUropathology January Jon Oxley
Uropathology January 2012 Jon Oxley Background to seminar These slides were available to view via the web from scanned slides The junior pathologists answered questions on them via the web The answers
More informationPrepared By Jocelyn Palao and Layla Faqih
Prepared By Jocelyn Palao and Layla Faqih The structure of the suspected atypical cell should always be compared to the structure of other similar, benign, cells which are present in the smears. The diagnosis
More informationPAP SMEAR by Dr.Shantha Krishnamurthy MD Senior Consultant Pathology Fortis Hospitals
PAP SMEAR by Dr.Shantha Krishnamurthy MD Senior Consultant Pathology Fortis Hospitals Historical Named after George Papanicolaou, a Greek American Studied cervical epithelium in menstrual cycle of guinea
More informationLARYNGEAL DYSPLASIA. Tomas Fernandez M; 3 rd year ENT resident, Son Espases University Hospital
LARYNGEAL DYSPLASIA Tomas Fernandez M; 3 rd year ENT resident, Son Espases University Hospital INTRODUCTION Laryngeal cancer constitutes 1-2% of all malignancies diagnosed worldwide Survival is related
More informationDysplasia, Mimics and Other Controversies
Dysplasia, Mimics and Other Controversies Mary S. Richardson, MD Dept. of Pathology Medical University of South Carolina Charleston, SC Notice of Faculty Disclosure In accordance with ACGME guidelines,
More informationHuman Papilloma Viruses HPV Testing and Treatment of STDs
Human Papilloma Viruses HPV Testing and Treatment of STDs New York State Collaborative Efforts in Medical Evaluations of Child and Adolescent Sexual Offenses. Child and Adolescent Sexual Offense Post-Assault
More informationPapillary Lesions of the Breast A Practical Approach to Diagnosis. (Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2016;140: ; doi: /arpa.
Papillary Lesions of the Breast A Practical Approach to Diagnosis (Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2016;140:1052 1059; doi: 10.5858/arpa.2016-0219-RA) Papillary lesions of the breast Span the spectrum of benign,
More informationISPUB.COM. Seborrheic Keratosis: A Pictorial Review of the Histopathologic Variations. D Sarma, S Repertinger
ISPUB.COM The Internet Journal of Dermatology Volume 7 Number 2 Seborrheic Keratosis: A Pictorial Review of the Histopathologic Variations D Sarma, S Repertinger Citation D Sarma, S Repertinger.. The Internet
More informationPorokeratosis: Introduction
Porokeratosis: Introduction Benign epidermal proliferation Distinct clinical & histologic features 5 clinical subtypes Erroneously named porokeratosis CLINICAL SUBTYPES 1. Porokeratosis of Mibelli 2. Disseminated
More informationNeoplasia 2018 Lecture 2. Dr Heyam Awad MD, FRCPath
Neoplasia 2018 Lecture 2 Dr Heyam Awad MD, FRCPath ILOS 1. List the differences between benign and malignant tumors. 2. Recognize the histological features of malignancy. 3. Define dysplasia and understand
More informationDiseases of the penis & testis
Diseases of the penis & testis Done by : Saef B AL-Abbadi Diseases of penis, Condyloma Acuminatum A benign tumor *Tend to recur but only rarely progress into in situ or invasive cancers read this = genital
More informationClinico Pathological Study of 300 Cases of Cutaneous Warts in Immunocompetent and Immunocompromised Patients
Clinico Pathological Study of 300 Cases of Cutaneous Warts in Immunocompetent and Immunocompromised Patients Dr. Samuel Jeyaraj Daniel MD DVL Senior Assistant Professor, Department of Dermato-Venereology,
More informationUNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND PHARMACY OF CRAIOVA FACULTY OF MEDICINE DOCTORAL THESIS SUMMARY
UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND PHARMACY OF CRAIOVA FACULTY OF MEDICINE DOCTORAL THESIS SUMMARY CLINICAL, HISTOPATHOLOGICAL AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF THE EPITHELIAL PRECANCEROUS LESIONS PRECURSORS OF
More informationNew Diagnoses Need New Approaches: A Glimpse into the Near Future of Gynecologic Pathology
New Diagnoses Need New Approaches: A Glimpse into the Near Future of Gynecologic Pathology United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology 102 nd Annual Meeting Baltimore, Maryland Christina S. Kong, M.D.
More informationPrevalence Of Precancerous Lesions Of The Uterine Cervix
Prevalence Of Precancerous Lesions Of The Uterine Cervix 1 / 6 2 / 6 3 / 6 Prevalence Of Precancerous Lesions Of INTRODUCTION. Gastric intestinal metaplasia is an intermediate precancerous gastric lesion
More informationVulvar squamous cell carcinoma
The Clinical Significance of Stratifying Vulval Squamous Carcinoma into HPV and Non-HPV Related Variants C. BLAKE GILKS MD FRCPC Dept of Pathology, University of British Columbia Vulvar squamous cell carcinoma
More informationأملس عضلي غرن = Leiomyosarcoma. Leiomyosarcoma 1 / 5
Leiomyosarcoma 1 / 5 EPIDEMIOLOGY Exact incidence is unknown, but older studies suggest that leiomyosarcomas comprise approximately 3 percent of soft-tissue sarcomas. Superficial leiomyosarcoma occurs
More informationBenign versus Cancerous Lesions How to tell the difference FMF 2014 Christie Freeman MD, CCFP, DipPDerm, MSc
1 Benign versus Cancerous Lesions How to tell the difference FMF 2014 Christie Freeman MD, CCFP, DipPDerm, MSc Benign lesions Seborrheic Keratoses: Warty, stuck-on Genetics and birthdays Can start in late
More informationchapter 4. The effect of oncogenic HPV on transformation zone epithelium
chapter 4. The effect of oncogenic HPV on transformation zone epithelium CHAPTER 1 All squamous cervical cancer (and probably all cervical adenocarcinoma) is associated with oncogenic HPV, and the absence
More informationINTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF UROLOGICAL PATHOLOGISTS USCAP COMPANION MEETING PROGRAM WASHINGTON D.C. New Concepts and Entities in Penile Cancer Pathology
INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF UROLOGICAL PATHOLOGISTS USCAP COMPANION MEETING PROGRAM WASHINGTON D.C. New Concepts and Entities in Penile Cancer Pathology Elsa F. Velazquez, MD Brigham and Women s Hospital
More informationDiseases of the breast (1 of 2)
Diseases of the breast (1 of 2) Introduction A histology introduction Normal ducts and lobules of the breast are lined by two layers of cells a layer of luminal cells overlying a second layer of myoepithelial
More informationSynonyms. Nephrogenic metaplasia Mesonephric adenoma
Nephrogenic Adenoma Synonyms Nephrogenic metaplasia Mesonephric adenoma Definition Benign epithelial lesion of urinary tract with tubular, glandular, papillary growth pattern Most frequently in the urinary
More informationKeratinocyte tumors. Actinic Keratosis. Squamous cell carcinoma in situ. Squamous Cell Carcinoma. (aka Bowen s disease)
Actinic Keratosis Keratinocyte tumors Prepared by Kurt Schaberg Precancerous, risk of malignancy ~8-20% per year (progresses to SCC); Due to chronic sun exposure Rough scaly plaque; typically due to sun
More informationA dinical and histopathologic entity associated with an increased risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer
PUVA keratosis A dinical and histopathologic entity associated with an increased risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer M. C. G. van Praag, MD, a J. N. Bouwes Bavinck, MD, a W. Bergman, MD, PhD, a F. R. Rosendaal,
More informationCINtec p16 INK4a Staining Atlas
CINtec p16 INK4a Staining Atlas Rating Rating Positive The rating positive will be assigned if the p16 INK4a -stained slide shows a continuous staining of cells of the basal and parabasal cell layers of
More informationPathology of the Cervix
Pathology of the Cervix Thomas C. Wright Pathology of the Cervix Topics to Consider Burden of cervical cancer 1 Invasive Cervical Cancer Cervical cancer in world Second cause of cancer death in women Leading
More informationObjectives. Atypical Glandular Cells. Atypical Endocervical Cells. Reactive Endocervical Cells
2013 California Society of Pathologists 66 th Annual Meeting San Francisco, CA Atypical Glandular Cells to Early Invasive Adenocarcinoma: Cervical Cytology and Histology Christina S. Kong, MD Associate
More informationCutaneous Adnexal Tumors
Cutaneous Adnexal Tumors Lesions with Predominant Follicular Differentiation Special Emphasis on Basal Cell Carcinoma 2014-04-01 Prof. Dr. med. Katharina Glatz Pathologie Cutaneous Adnexal Tumors Hair
More informationHIV-infected men and women. Joel Palefsky, M.D. University of California, San Francisco
Anal cytology and anal cancer in HIV-infected men and women. Joel Palefsky, M.D. University of California, San Francisco April 10, 2010 Disclosures Merck and Co: Research grant support, advisory boards
More informationSquamous Cell Neoplasia and Precursor Lesions
Squamous Cell Neoplasia and Precursor Lesions Jennifer L. Hunt, MD, MEd Aubrey J. Hough Jr, MD, Endowed Professor of Pathology Chair of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of Arkansas for Medical
More informationEpithelial tumors. Dr. F.F. Khuzin, PhD Dr. M.O. Mavlikeev
Epithelial tumors Dr. F.F. Khuzin, PhD Dr. M.O. Mavlikeev Epithelial tumors Tumors from the epithelium are the most frequent among tumors. There are 2 group features of these tumors: The presence in most
More informationLearning Objectives. Tanning. The Skin. Classic Features. Sun Reactive Skin Type Classification. Skin Cancers: Preventing, Screening and Treating
Learning Objectives Skin Cancers: Preventing, Screening and Treating Robert A. Baldor, MD, FAAFP Professor, Family Medicine & Community Health University of Massachusetts Medical School Distinguish the
More informationPapillary Lesions of the Breast: WHO Update
Papillary Lesions of the Breast: WHO Update Stuart J. Schnitt, M.D. Department of Pathology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA Papillary Lesions of the Breast
More informationBasal cell carcinoma diagnosed on Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology A. Pathological Case Report
Basal cell carcinoma diagnosed on Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology A Abstract Dr. Madhuri S.Kate 1, Dr. Preeti Jain 2, Dr. Shailesh S. Patne 3 Introduction: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a locally invasive
More informationClinical characteristics
Skin Cancer Fernando Vega, MD Seattle Healing Arts Clinical characteristics Precancerous lesions Common skin cancers ACTINIC KERATOSIS Precancerous skin lesions Actinic keratoses Dysplastic melanocytic
More informationProliferative Epithelial lesions of the Breast. Sami Shousha, MD, FRCPath Charing Cross Hospital & Imperial College, London
Proliferative Epithelial lesions of the Breast Sami Shousha, MD, FRCPath Charing Cross Hospital & Imperial College, London Amman, November2013 Proliferative Epithelial Lesions of the Breast Usual type
More informationThanongsak Mamom, D.V.M., Ph.D. (Vet. Path.) of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
, D.V.M., Ph.D. (Vet. Path.) 1 Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine 1 Mahanakorn University of Technology, Bangkok, Thailand, 10530 Introduction Definition: A benign, exophytic, neoplastic
More informationSquamous papilloma Squamous acanthoma Keratoacanthoma Verruca vulgaris Condyloma acuminatum Focal epithelial hyperplasia Sino nasal papilloma
Benign tumors Epithelial origin Squamous papilloma Squamous acanthoma Keratoacanthoma Verruca vulgaris Condyloma acuminatum Focal epithelial hyperplasia Sino nasal papilloma Squamous papilloma Exophytic
More informationDermoscopy: Recognizing Top Five Common In- Office Diagnoses
Dermoscopy: Recognizing Top Five Common In- Office Diagnoses Vu A. Ngo, DO Department of Family Medicine and Dermatology Choctaw Nation Health Services Authority Learning Objectives Introduction to dermoscopy
More informationLENTIGO SIMPLEX. Epidemiology
LENTIGO SIMPLEX Epidemiology The frequency of lentigo simplex in children and adults has not been determined. There does not appear to be a racial or gender predilection. Lentigo simplex is the most common
More informationSkin (Integumentary System) Wheater, Chap. 9
Skin (Integumentary System) Wheater, Chap. 9 Skin (Integument) Consists of skin and associated derivatives Largest organ of body (21 ft 2 ; 9 lbs.; has 11 miles of blood vessels) Functions: Protection
More informationOral Epithelial Tumors, Melanocytic Nevi, and Melanoma (I)
Introduction: Oral Epithelial Tumors, Melanocytic Nevi, and Melanoma (I) Oral Epithelial Tumors may be: Benign tumors Sequamous cell Papilloma Malignant tumors Sequamous cell carcinoma, Basal cell carcinoma
More informationMohs surgery for the nail unit
Mohs surgery for the nail unit olivier.cogrel@chu-bordeaux.fr Dermatologic surgery, Mohs surgery and lasers unit CHU Bordeaux, France Squamous cell carcinoma +++ Acral lentiginous melanoma Lichte et al.
More informationCLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF BENIGN EPITHELIAL CHANGES
Papillomas. Papillomas are composed of multiple branching fibrovascular cores, each having a connective tissue axis lined by luminal and myoepithelial cells ( Fig. 23-11 ). Growth occurs within a dilated
More informationHPV-related papillomatous-condylomatous lesions in female anogenital area
HPV-related papillomatous-condylomatous lesions in female anogenital area Theo Panoskaltsis MD, FRCOG, CCST (UK) Epidemiology Anal cancer is increasing in both men and women Groups at risk: - HIV (+)
More informationCERVIX. MLS Basic histological diagnosis MLS HIST 422 Semester 8- batch 7 L12 : Dr. Ali Eltayb.
CERVIX MLS Basic histological diagnosis MLS HIST 422 Semester 8- batch 7 L12 : Dr. Ali Eltayb. CERVIX Most cervical lesions are: Most are Cervicitis. cancers ( common in women worldwide). CERVICITIS Extremely
More informationCase Report A Rare Cutaneous Adnexal Tumor: Malignant Proliferating Trichilemmal Tumor
Case Reports in Medicine Volume 2015, Article ID 742920, 4 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/742920 Case Report A Rare Cutaneous Adnexal Tumor: Malignant Proliferating Trichilemmal Tumor Omer Alici,
More informationCASE REPORT SOLITARY SEBACEOUS NEVUS OF JADASSOHN COMPLICATED BY SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA AND BASAL CELL CARCINOMA
CASE REPORT Dennis H. Kraus, MD, Section Editor SOLITARY SEBACEOUS NEVUS OF JADASSOHN COMPLICATED BY SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA AND BASAL CELL CARCINOMA Ahmad Ridzwan Arshad, FRCS, 1 Wan S. Azman, MS, 1 Ayadurai
More informationDiplomate of the American Board of Pathology in Anatomic and Clinical Pathology
A 33-year-old male with a left lower leg mass. Contributed by Shaoxiong Chen, MD, PhD Assistant Professor Indiana University School of Medicine/ IU Health Partners Department of Pathology and Laboratory
More informationARTHUR PURDY STOUT SOCIETY COMPANION MEETING: DIFFICULT NEW DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES IN PROSTATE PATHOLOGY. Jonathan I. Epstein.
1 ARTHUR PURDY STOUT SOCIETY COMPANION MEETING: DIFFICULT NEW DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES IN PROSTATE PATHOLOGY Jonathan I. Epstein Professor Pathology, Urology, Oncology The Reinhard Professor of Urological
More informationPigmented Seborrheic Keratosis (Melanoacanthoma) of Nipple A case report with review of literature
Case Report Pigmented Seborrheic Keratosis (Melanoacanthoma) of Nipple A case report with review of literature Aparna Narasimha, Harendra Kumar ML, Divyarani MN, Bhaskaran A* Department of Pathology and
More informationACCME/Disclosures. 52 year old man who consulted for a long-standing mass on the distal penis 4/13/2016
ACCME/Disclosures United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology Seattle, WA 2016 Elsa F Velazquez, MD Director of Dermatopathology, V.P. Clinical Assistant Professor of Dermatology Tufts University,
More informationGross Appearance & Histology of Skin Cancer. Kyle Mannion M.D. January 21, 2005
Gross Appearance & Histology of Skin Cancer Kyle Mannion M.D. January 21, 2005 Actinic Keratosis 5-20% will develop squamous/basal cell ca Almost solely from solar damage Usually develop during 4 th decade
More informationPathology. Skin Tumor. Bayan N. Mohammad 15/10/2015. Mohammad al-orjani. Page 0 of 23
#7 35 Pathology Skin Tumor Bayan N. Mohammad 15/10/2015 Mohammad al-orjani Page 0 of 23 بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم GREETINGS This lecture is about skin tumors, all the slides are included and every slide will
More informationIntraductal carcinoma of the prostate on needle biopsy: histologic features and clinical significance
& 2006 USCAP, Inc All rights reserved 0893-3952/06 $30.00 www.modernpathology.org Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate on needle biopsy: histologic features and clinical significance Charles C Guo 1 and
More informationHPV and Lower Genital Tract Disease. Simon Herrington University of Edinburgh, UK Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, UK
HPV and Lower Genital Tract Disease Simon Herrington University of Edinburgh, UK Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, UK Conflict of interest/funding X None Company: Product royalties Paid consultant Research
More informationHuman Papillomaviruses and Cancer: Questions and Answers. Key Points. 1. What are human papillomaviruses, and how are they transmitted?
CANCER FACTS N a t i o n a l C a n c e r I n s t i t u t e N a t i o n a l I n s t i t u t e s o f H e a l t h D e p a r t m e n t o f H e a l t h a n d H u m a n S e r v i c e s Human Papillomaviruses
More informationDone by khozama jehad. Neoplasia of the cervix
Done by khozama jehad Neoplasia of the cervix An overview of cervical neoplasia very import. Most tumors of the cervix are of epithelial origin and are caused by oncogenic strains of human papillomavirus
More informationLesions & Lifestyles
Lesions & Lifestyles attended a 3 hour Continuing Education Seminar on Oral Pathology presented by Nancy Dewhirst, RDH,BS on (date) at (location):. Course material is directly related patient care. Notes:
More informationBreast Pathology. Breast Development
Breast Pathology Lecturer: Hanina Hibshoosh, M.D. Reading: Kumar, Cotran, Robbins, Basic Pathology, 6th Edition, pages 623-635 Breast Development 5th week - thickening of the epidermis - milk line 5th
More information21/07/2017. Hobnail endothelial cells are not the same as epithelioid endothelial cells
UPDATE IN CUTANEOUS VASCULAR S DERMATOPATHOLOGY SESSION BELFAST PATHOLOGY JUNE 21/2017 Dr E Calonje St John s Institute of Dermatology, London, United Kingdom THE FAMILY OF VASCULAR S WITH EPITHELIOID
More informationPapillary Lesions of the Breast
Papillary Lesions of the Breast Laura C. Collins, M.D. Associate Professor of Pathology Associate Director, Division of Anatomic Pathology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School
More informationSURGERY OF THE HAND. Giant Wart as a Cutaneous Horn on the Dorsum of the Hand INTRODUCTION CASE REPORT
CASE REPORT pissn 1598-3889 eissn 2234-0998 J Korean Soc Surg Hand 2016;21(2):100-104. http://dx.doi.org/10.12790/jkssh.2016.21.2.100 JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY FOR SURGERY OF THE HAND Giant Wart as
More informationGastrooesophageal reflux disease. Jera Jeruc Institute of pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ljubljana, Slovenia
Gastrooesophageal reflux disease Jera Jeruc Institute of pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ljubljana, Slovenia Reflux esophagitis (RE) GERD: a spectrum of clinical conditions and histologic alterations resulting
More informationLUMPS AND BUMPS: AN ORGANIZED APPROACH TO DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT
LUMPS AND BUMPS: AN ORGANIZED APPROACH TO DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT Tammy P. Than, M.S., O.D., F.A.A.O. The University of Alabama at Birmingham / School of Optometry 1716 University Blvd. Birmingham, AL
More informationDisclosure. Relevant Financial Relationship(s) None. Off Label Usage None MFMER slide-1
Disclosure Relevant Financial Relationship(s) None Off Label Usage None 2013 MFMER slide-1 Case Presentation A 43 year old male, with partial nephrectomy for a right kidney mass 2013 MFMER slide-2 2013
More informationIT S FUNDAMENTAL MY DEAR WATSON! A SHERLOCKIAN APPROACH TO DERMATOLOGY
IT S FUNDAMENTAL MY DEAR WATSON! A SHERLOCKIAN APPROACH TO DERMATOLOGY Skin, Bones, and other Private Parts Symposium Dermatology Lectures by Debra Shelby, PhD, DNP, FNP-BC, FADNP, FAANP Debra Shelby,
More informationJournal of International Academy of Forensic Science & Pathology (JIAFP)
Journal of International Academy of Forensic Science & Pathology (JIAFP) ISSN 2395-0722 MICROCYSTIC ADNEXAL CARCINOMA-A CASE REPORT WITH REVIEW OF LITERATURE Case Report Sulakshana M S 1,Natarajan M 2
More information