Introduction to the Human Body

Transcription

1 Introduction to the Human Body Chapter Test A Multiple Choice Write the letter of the correct answer on the line at the left. 1. Your brain is a structure composed of different kinds of tissue. What is this kind of structure called? a. a cell b. an organ system c. an organ d. a tissue 2. Muscles, bones, and nerves work together to a. move materials in your body. b. control body functions. c. make your body move. d. remove waste products. 3. After you breathe air into your lungs, oxygen from the air goes into your a. heart. b. muscles. c. bones. d. bloodstream. 4. The endocrine system produces chemicals that a. begin to function after puberty. b. require a system of nerves to control many body activities. c. travel to selected locations through tiny tubes. d. control both daily activities and long-term changes through hormones. 5. An effect of long-term stress is a. general health improves. b. body functions become balanced. c. homeostasis is disrupted. d. immunity is strengthened. 6. One function of the skeleton is to a. help control voluntary muscles. b. move food through the digestive system. c. help the body maintain a steady body temperature. d. provide shape and support for the body. 7. What kind of motion is possible with a hinge joint? a. rotating b. sliding c. backward or forward d. side to side 8. The spaces in bones are filled with a soft connective tissue called a. blood. b. water. c. cartilage. d. marrow. 9. Which type of muscle is found only in the heart? a. voluntary muscle b. cardiac muscle c. smooth muscle d. soft muscle 1

2 10. How do pairs of skeletal muscles work together? a. Both muscles contract at the same time. b. Both muscles extend at the same time. c. While one muscle in the pair contracts, the other returns to its original length. d. One muscle in the pair pulls on a bone, while the second muscle pulls on the first muscle. 11. How does the skin help regulate body temperature? a. by removing wastes from the body b. by blocking information about the environment c. by enabling excess heat to escape from the body d. by allowing body temperature to change when the weather becomes warmer or cooler 12. Deciding whether to buy a new lightweight helmet that provides less protection than a heavier helmet is an example of a. risk-benefit analysis. b. using technology wisely. c. increasing the pace of life. d. technology s impact on the environment. Completion Fill in the line to complete each statement. 13. Organs join to form a(n) that performs a major function. 14. The layer of skin that contains nerves and blood vessels is the. 15. Technology changes to meet human needs. 16. Homeostasis can be upset by, which is the reaction of the body and mind to a threatening, challenging, or disturbing event. 17. The type of involuntary muscle that moves food through the digestive tract is called muscle. True or False If the statement is true, write true. If it is false, change the underlined word or words to make the statement true. 18. To bend a joint, one muscle extends while another muscle returns to its original length. 19. Blood cells are produced in red bone marrow. 20. A nutrient is a substance that you get from food and that your body needs to carry out processes, such as contracting muscles. 21. The bones that make up your backbone are called tarsals. 2

3 22. The outermost layer of the skin is the epidermis. Using Science Skills Use the diagram to answer each question. 23. Which type of muscle is indicated by C? 24. Tell whether each type of muscle tissue is voluntary or involuntary. 25. When you use a pencil for writing, which type of muscle A, B, or C moves your fingers? 3

4 Essay Write an answer for each of the following questions on a separate sheet of paper. 26. Describe how your body maintains its internal temperature when you become cold. 27. Describe the five major functions of the skeleton. Using Science Skills Use the diagram to answer each question. 28. What structure is represented by A? What are the parts of this structure? 29. Identify the body system represented by D. List three structures that are part of this system. 4

5 30. Explain what functions this system performs in your body. Essay Write an answer for each of the following questions on a separate sheet of paper. 31. Identify the systems that move your body and explain how these systems work together. 32. Describe an example of a stimulus and a response that involves the sense of smell. 5